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  • 1
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    The St. Lawrence polynya and the Bering shelf circulation : new observations and a model comparison (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006): C09023, doi:10.1029/2005JC003268.
    Description: Using 14 year-long instrumented moorings deployed south of St. Lawrence Island, along with oceanographic drifters, we investigate the circulation over the central Bering shelf and the role of polynyas in forming and disseminating saline waters over the shelf. We focus also on evaluating the Gawarkiewicz and Chapman [1995] model of eddy production within coastal polynyas. Principal results include: 1) The northern central shelf near-surface waters exhibit westward flow carrying low-salinity waters from the Alaskan coast in fall and early winter, with consequences for water mass formation and biological production. 2) Within the St. Lawrence polynya, the freshening effect of winter advection is about half as large as the salting effect of surface brine flux resulting from freezing. 3) Brine production over the Bering shelf occurs primarily offshore, rather than within coastal polynyas, even though ice production per unit area is much larger within the polynyas. 4) We find little evidence for the geostrophic flow adjustment predicted by recent polynya models. 5) In contrast to the theoretical prediction that dense water from the polynya is carried offshore by eddies, we find negligible cross-shelf eddy density fluxes within and surrounding the polynya and very low levels of eddy energy that decreased from fall to winter, even though dense water accumulated within the polynya and large cross-shore density gradients developed. 6) It is possible that dense polynya water was advected downstream of our array before appreciable eddy fluxes materialized.
    Description: This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE9730697 to the University of Alaska and grant OCE9730823 to the University of Washington. S. M. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under OCE9811097 and of NASA under grant NNG04GM69G. The University of Hamburg contributions were funded by the Bundesminister für Bildung und Wissenschaft. Funding for the drifter deployment was made possible by the North Pacific Research Board, grant NPMRI T2130. Manuscript preparation was additionally supported by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-99-1-0345 and N00014-02-1-0305 to the University of Washington.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    AK-LTOP CalVET Net Tow counts and biomass collected from multiple cruises from the Northeast Pacific, 1997-2001 (NEP project) (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Dataset: calvet_ak_ltop
    Description: AK-LTOP CalVET Net Tow counts and biomass collected from multiple cruises from the Northeast Pacific, 1997-2001. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3009
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0109078, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown NEP NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls from F/V Great Pacific and R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific, 2001-2004 (NEP project) (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Dataset: tucker and bongo net metadata - CGoA
    Description: Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls from F/V Great Pacific and R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific, 2001-2004. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3013
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0109078
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Zooplankton catch data from Tucker trawls from CGOA LTOP cruises from the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific, 2001-2003 (NEP project) (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Dataset: tucker catch - CGoA LTOP
    Description: Zooplankton catch data from Tucker trawls from CGOA LTOP cruises from the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific, 2001-2003. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3010
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0109078, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown NEP NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Zooplankton counts for bongo net hauls in the Gulf of Alaska from F/V Great Pacific GP0401-01, GP0401-02 from October to November 2004 (NEP project) (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Dataset: bongo net zooplankton
    Description: Zooplankton counts for bongo net hauls in the Gulf of Alaska from F/V Great Pacific GP0401-01, GP0401-02 from October to November 2004. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3012
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0109078, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) unknown NEP NOAA
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Cruise Event Logs from 15 vessels for 116 U.S. GLOBEC cruises from 1997-2004 in the Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska areas (NEP program) (2023)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Dataset: eventlogs
    Description: Cruise Event Logs from 15 vessels for 116 U.S. GLOBEC cruises from 1997-2004 in the Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska areas For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2341
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0000733, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9732386, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA67RJ0151 (NEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA86OP0589 (NEP)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Cruise Event Logs from 15 vessels for 116 U.S. GLOBEC cruises from 1997-2004 in the Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska areas (NEP program) (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Dataset: eventlogs
    Description: Cruise Event Logs from 15 vessels for 116 U.S. GLOBEC cruises from 1997-2004 in the Northeast Pacific and Gulf of Alaska areas For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2341
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0000733, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-9732386, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA67RJ0151 (NEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NA86OP0589 (NEP)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Monitoring Alaskan Arctic shelf ecosystems through collaborative observation networks (2022)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Danielson, S. L., Grebmeier, J. M., Iken, K., Berchok, C., Britt, L., Dunton, K. H., Eisner, L., V. Farley, E., Fujiwara, A., Hauser, D. D. W., Itoh, M., Kikuchi, T., Kotwicki, S., Kuletz, K. J., Mordy, C. W., Nishino, S., Peralta-Ferriz, C., Pickart, R. S., Stabeno, P. S., Stafford. K. M., Whiting, A. V., & Woodgate, R. Monitoring Alaskan Arctic shelf ecosystems through collaborative observation networks. Oceanography, 35(2), (2022): 52, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.119.
    Description: Ongoing scientific programs that monitor marine environmental and ecological systems and changes comprise an informal but collaborative, information-rich, and spatially extensive network for the Alaskan Arctic continental shelves. Such programs reflect contributions and priorities of regional, national, and international funding agencies, as well as private donors and communities. These science programs are operated by a variety of local, regional, state, and national agencies, and academic, Tribal, for-profit, and nongovernmental nonprofit entities. Efforts include research ship and autonomous vehicle surveys, year-long mooring deployments, and observations from coastal communities. Inter-program coordination allows cost-effective leveraging of field logistics and collected data into value-added information that fosters new insights unattainable by any single program operating alone. Coordination occurs at many levels, from discussions at marine mammal co-management meetings and interagency meetings to scientific symposia and data workshops. Together, the efforts represented by this collection of loosely linked long-term monitoring programs enable a biologically focused scientific foundation for understanding ecosystem responses to warming water temperatures and declining Arctic sea ice. Here, we introduce a variety of currently active monitoring efforts in the Alaskan Arctic marine realm that exemplify the above attributes.
    Description: Funding sources include the following: ALTIMA: BOEM M09PG00016, M12PG00021, and M13PG00026; AMBON: NOPP-NA14NOS0120158 and NOPP-NA19NOS0120198; Bering Strait moorings: NSF-OPP-AON-PLR-1758565, NSF-OPP-PLR-1107106; BLE-LTER: NSF-OPP-1656026; CEO: NPRB-L36, ONR N000141712274 and N000142012413; DBO: NSF-AON-1917469 and NOAA-ARP CINAR-22309.07; HFR, AOOS Arctic glider, and Passive Acoustics at CEO and Bering Strait: NA16NOS0120027; WABC: NSF-OPP-1733564. JAMSTEC: partial support by ArCS Project JPMXD1300000000 and ArCS II Project JPMXD1420318865; Seabird surveys: BOEM M17PG00017, M17PG00039, and M10PG00050, and NPRB grants 637, B64, and B67. This publication was partially funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271, and represents contribution 2021-1163 to CICOES, EcoFOCI-1026, and 5315 to PMEL. This is NPRB publication ArcticIERP-43.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    A warm jet in a cold ocean (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, 12(1), ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-10
    Description: Unprecedented quantities of heat are entering the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean through Bering Strait, particularly during summer months. Though some heat is lost to the atmosphere during autumn cooling, a significant fraction of the incoming warm, salty water subducts (dives beneath) below a cooler fresher layer of near-surface water, subsequently extending hundreds of kilometers into the Beaufort Gyre. Upward turbulent mixing of these sub-surface pockets of heat is likely accelerating sea ice melt in the region. This Pacific-origin water brings both heat and unique biogeochemical properties, contributing to a changing Arctic ecosystem. However, our ability to understand or forecast the role of this incoming water mass has been hampered by lack of understanding of the physical processes controlling subduction and evolution of this this warm water. Crucially, the processes seen here occur at small horizontal scales not resolved by regional forecast models or climate simulations; new parameterizations must be developed that accurately represent the physics. Here we present novel high resolution observations showing the detailed process of subduction and initial evolution of warm Pacific-origin water in the southern Beaufort Gyre.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic (2021)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Anderson, D. M., Fachon, E., Pickart, R. S., Lin, P., Fischer, A. D., Richlen, M. L., Uva, V., Brosnahan, M. L., McRaven, L., Bahr, F., Lefebvre, K., Grebmeier, J. M., Danielson, S. L., Lyu, Y., & Fukai, Y. Evidence for massive and recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(41) (2021): e2107387118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107387118.
    Description: Among the organisms that spread into and flourish in Arctic waters with rising temperatures and sea ice loss are toxic algae, a group of harmful algal bloom species that produce potent biotoxins. Alexandrium catenella, a cyst-forming dinoflagellate that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide, has been a significant threat to human health in southeastern Alaska for centuries. It is known to be transported into Arctic regions in waters transiting northward through the Bering Strait, yet there is little recognition of this organism as a human health concern north of the Strait. Here, we describe an exceptionally large A. catenella benthic cyst bed and hydrographic conditions across the Chukchi Sea that support germination and development of recurrent, locally originating and self-seeding blooms. Two prominent cyst accumulation zones result from deposition promoted by weak circulation. Cyst concentrations are among the highest reported globally for this species, and the cyst bed is at least 6× larger in area than any other. These extraordinary accumulations are attributed to repeated inputs from advected southern blooms and to localized cyst formation and deposition. Over the past two decades, warming has likely increased the magnitude of the germination flux twofold and advanced the timing of cell inoculation into the euphotic zone by 20 d. Conditions are also now favorable for bloom development in surface waters. The region is poised to support annually recurrent A. catenella blooms that are massive in scale, posing a significant and worrisome threat to public and ecosystem health in Alaskan Arctic communities where economies are subsistence based.
    Description: Funding for D.M.A., R.S.P., E.F., P.L., A.D.F., V.U., M.L.B., L.M., F.B., and M.L.R. was provided by grants from the NSF Office of Polar Programs (Grants OPP-1823002 and OPP-1733564) and the National Ocanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Arctic Research program (through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [CINAR; Grants NA14OAR4320158 and NA19OAR4320074]), for J.M.G. through CINAR 22309.07 UMCES (University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science), and for D.M.A. and K.L. through NOAA’s Center for Coastal and Ocean Studies Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) Program (NA20NOS4780195). Funding for D.M.A., M.L.R., M.L.B., E.F., V.U., and A.D.F. was also provided by NSF (Grant OCE-1840381) and NIH (Grant 1P01-ES028938-01) through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health. S.L.D. was supported by North Pacific Research Board IERP Grants A91-99a and A91-00a. This is IERP publication ArcticIERP-41 and ECOHAB Contribution No. ECO983.
    Keywords: Harmful algal bloom ; HAB ; Alexandrium ; Alaskan Arctic ; Climate
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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