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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioactivity and chemical characteristics of Alberta phosphogypsum (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 69 (1993), S. 277-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Gypsum based by-products of phosphate fertilizer production, termed phosphogypsum (PG), are stockpiled at numerous locations worldwide. Although dominated by gypsum, PG contains accessory minerals, trace elements, and radionuclides. This study was conducted to characterize the composition and pore water chemistry of PG samples from a plant site in southern Alberta, Canada. Pore water chemistry was studied by equilibrating PG with deionized water for 80 days; the aqueous phase was then analyzed for dissolved constituents. The PG samples had pH levels of 4.0 or lower and contained gypsum and minor amounts of quartz, phosphate rock and sodium feldspar. The PG was elevated in total content of Ag, Au, Ca, Cd, P, S, Se, Sr, U and some of the light rare earth elements and Y relative to shale. Average 226Ra activity, determined by the radon emanation method, was 890 Bq kg−1. Activity of 212Pb, in equilibrium with 228Th, was 5.8 Bq kg−1. Pore water concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, NO3 −-N, Se, SO4 2−-S, and Zn exceeded drinking water standards in some PG samples. Although closer to flue gas desulfurization sludge in mineralogy, the pore water chemistry of PG is more like that of some fly ashes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478164
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    SEASONAL CHANGES IN BACKGROUND LEVELS OF MERCURY IN SURFACE HORIZONS OF FORESTED SOILS IN ALBERTA (1983)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-01
    Description: Content of mercury in organic soil horizons was monitored to ascertain seasonal changes in background levels. L, F, and H horizons were relatively enriched in mercury in early spring. Levels then diminished and reached seasonal low values in August. Content of mercury then increased twofold during September after which levels declined to summer values. F horizons had the highest content of mercury and H horizons had the lowest. Key words: Mercury cycling, mercury dynamics, heavy metal
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
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    SHORT COMMUNICATION: Sorption of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene by collagen compared with non-protein organic sorbents (1994)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-01
    Description: Our previous work has demonstrated a relationship between polarity index and organic carbon referenced partition coefficients (Koc) of organic chemicals. Here we compare sorption of benzene, toluene, or o-xylene by protein with non-protein organic sorbents. Koc for benzene, toluene, or o-xylene sorption by collagen was much higher than by lignins, humic acid, chitin, or cellulose. Sorption of benzene, toluene, or o-xylene was not only influenced by organic sorbent polarity and functionality (e.g., aromaticity), but also by additional properties which we inferred related to physical conformation of the organic sorbents. In this respect, collagen exhibits unique sorptive behavior toward removal of nonpolar organic chemicals in the aqueous phase, which was not shared by humic acids of similar C, O or N content. Key words: Sorption, collagen, lignin, polarity, hydrophobic domains
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Comparison of immiscibly displaced soil solutions and saturated paste extracts from saline soils (1994)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-01
    Description: Soil solutions from four salt-affected soils in Alberta were extracted by immiscible displacement from field moist soils and saturated pastes after air-drying to examine the implications of using saturated paste extracts as a proxy of soil solutions. Solutions ranged in pH from 7.8 to 10.6 and in electrical conductivity (EC) from 6 to 45 dS m−1. Sodium dominated the cation suite, with Mg and K concentrations varying by several orders of magnitude between sites. Calcium was the major cation in lowest abundance at all sites. Sulfate was the predominant anion. Phosphorus concentrations ranged from 1 to 247 ppm. Considerable variation was seen between the properties of saturated paste extracts and immiscibly displaced solutions, with the saturated paste extracts having lower conductivities and Na, Mg, K and anion concentrations. The differences in composition between the two extraction methods resulted in differences in ion speciation, SAR and ESP values and mineral stabilities. Saturation indices for evaporite minerals were poor predictors of minerals formed in evaporated soil solutions. It was also found that even in chemically similar solutions, different minerals precipitated, and therefore the prediction of evaporite mineral formation from extracted soil solutions is not recommended. Key words: Salinity, saturated paste extracts, soil solutions, evaporites, mineral stability
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF QUARTZ IN SELECTED SOILS FROM ALBERTA (1987)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-01
    Description: This study compared the surface morphology of quartz grains from A and C horizons of a Chernozem, Luvisol and a Solonetz. Observations and chemical determinations were based on scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis of fine sand separates. Features indicative of glacial and eolian transport, physical weathering by low energy subaqueous impact, and chemical dissolution and silica precipitation dominated surface characteristics. Most surface morphological features were of an inherited origin since they were common to solum and parent material samples. Quartz dissolution features were not uniquely associated with solum samples and apparently not of pedogenic origin. Key words: Scanning electron microscopy, quartz, pedogenesis, surface morphology, weathering classification
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
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    Evaporite mineralogy and trace-element content of salt-affected soils in Alberta (1993)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-01
    Description: A survey of efflorescent crusts and associated surface soils in central and southern Alberta was conducted to determine evaporite mineralogy and elemental composition. X-ray powder diffraction indicates that efflorescence mineralogies are dominated by sodium sulfate minerals, such as thenardite and mirabilite. Sodium magnesium sulfate minerals such as konyaite and bloedite are also frequently present, with eugsterite, halite and thermonatrite among other evaporites identified. The content of selected elements in the salt crusts and surface soils was determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Trace-element concentrations from site to site were extremely variable. However, comparisons with elemental abundances previously reported for till and soils indicate that there is generally no mean accumulation of trace elements in salt-affected soils. Exceptions are Br and Cl, which show enrichment in soils infused with soluble salts. Key words: Salinity, trace elements, evaporites, mineralogy
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    α-Naphthol sorption as regulated by structure and composition of organic substances in soils and sediments (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-01
    Description: Humic acids (HAs) from major horizons of a Gleyed Black Chernozem and a set of soil and sediment samples were examined to understand the influence of the structure a composition of organic substances on sorption of organic pollutants. Solid state 13C cross-polarized/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR results indicated that the aromaticity of HAs increased with soil depth. The aromaticity of organic substances in bulk soils and sediments varied with the degree of geological diagenesis. Sorption experiments showed a linear relationship between the carbon normalized partition coefficient (Koc) of α-naphthol and the aromaticity of HAs and non-extracted organic substances in whole soils and sediments. The Koc values of α-napthol had a log-linear relationship with the atomic mass ratio (N+O)/C of the organic substances in soils and sediments. Correlation analysis for the literature data further revealed that the compositional and structural properties of organic substances were related, suggesting possibilities of predicting Koc with either compositional or structural parameters Measured Koc values demonstrated considerable deviations from those calculated with prediction models using Kow. The prediction models may not be accurate because they do not account for the compositional and structural differences in organic substances of sorbents. Key words: sorption, organic substances, aromaticity, Koc, α-naphthol
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    THE NATURE OF MERCURY IN CHERNOZEMIC AND LUVISOLIC SOILS IN ALBERTA (1976)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-11-01
    Description: Contents of mercury in surface soil horizons of Chernozemic soils from Alberta were considerably lower than contents in respective C horizons. For eluviated soils, highest contents of mercury were found in B horizons, with lowest levels in A horizons. Results for content of mercury in particle-size separates together with profile distribution patterns for the element suggested that a significant portion of the mercury in surface mineral horizons was mobilized to the atmosphere. Pyrolysis studies indicated that the dominant form of mercury in the soils consisted of organically bound compounds.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Weathering of clay minerals induced by fluoride-containing solutions from phosphogypsum by-product (1995)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-01
    Description: The production of phosphate fertilizer from phosphate rock results in the formation of phosphogypsum (PG) and HF. Soluble F− ends up in process water and in the pore space of the PG by-product. This study determined changes in the amount, properties and mineral composition of soil clay upon reaction with acidic PG solutions. Calcareous and non calcareous soils were reacted with PG leachates (PG-L, 30 mg F− L−1) and process water (PG-PW, 6070 mg F− L−1) using a sequential batch equilibration method. Phosphogypsum-L did not alter the clay fraction as much as PG-PW, which dissolved as much as two-thirds of the clay fraction. Phosphogypsum-PW reduced surface area of clay fractions from about 500 to 150 m2 g−1; Cation exchange capacity CEC was decreased from about 60 to 17 cmolc kg−1 clay. Reduction in surface area and CEC in PG-PW treated soil corresponded to near complete dissolution of smectite and a negative enrichment of mica. Kaolinite in coarse clay of the PG-PW treatment was reduced to 20% of the control and was completely destroyed in fine clay fractions. Amorphous silica was produced from the F−-induced dissolution of clay. The results indicate there is likely to be considerable alteration of minerals in subsoils beneath PG waste repositories and of clay liners used at some storage facilities. Key words: Clay liners, landfills, dissolution, waste management, leachates, geochemical reactions, mineral stability
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    Fluoride sorption and mineral stability in an Alberta soil interacting with phosphogypsum leachate (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-01
    Description: A by-product of phosphate fertilizer production is phosphogypsum (PG). Relatively high F concentrations occur in the solid phase and in the highly acidic process water (PW) that initially fills its pores. The present research addresses the fate of F and the effects on mineral stability as phosphogypsum leachate (PGL) interacts with calcareous (Ck) soil and non-calcareous (Bt) soil. In a sequential batch equilibration, soils were exposed to fresh PGL during 30 d-long extractions. Major ions, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored. At 28 d, F concentration decreased from 31 mg L−1 in the PGL to 11 mg L−1 in the Bt-PGL mixture and 22 mg L−1 in the Ck-PGL mixture. Saturation indices (SIs) for fluorite ranged from 2.1 to −3.6. Extracts were closer to saturation with fluorite than with the other F minerals studied. Using alternative geochemical constants, fluorapatite was predicted to be stable in Bt-PGL extracts. The day 28 Bt-PGL extract was also near equilibrium with alunite, basaluminite, jurbanite, gypsum, amorphous silica, and quartz. Of the phyllosilicates in the soil-PGL mixtures at day 28, only kaolinite was predicted to be stable in only the Bt-PGL mixture. The potential for clay mineral instability and accelerated dissolution in F-rich PGL needs to be considered m the design of PG repositories. Key words: Fluoride, phosphogypsum, waste management, leachates, geochemical modeling, mineral stability
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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