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  • 1
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    A photobiological evaluation of tanning booths (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: The use of tanning booths as a substitute for natural sunlight is becoming increasingly popular. However, unless careful attention is paid to proper design and maintenance, the radiation field inside a tanning booth can be highly anisotropic. The use of simple, inexpensive ultraviolet radiation meters to measure dosage can lead to serious overexposure. Since the ultraviolet radiation inside a tanning booth has a greater proportion of short wavelengths (less than 300 nanometers) than natural sunlight, the amount of skin cancer-inducing radiation received for a tan may be twice that received for a natural suntan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nachtwey, D S -- Rundel, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Erythema/etiology ; Humans ; *Light ; Photometry ; Skin/*radiation effects ; Sunburn/*etiology ; Time Factors ; *Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Radiation protection guidelines for space missions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The current radiation protection guidelines of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were recommended in 1970. The career limit was set at 4.0 Sv (400 rem). Using the same approach as in 1970 but current risk estimates, a considerably lower career limit would obtain today. Also, there is now much more information about the radiation environments that will be experienced in different missions. Furthermore, since 1970 women have joined the ranks of the astronauts. For these and other reasons, it was considered necessary to re-examine the radiation protection guidelines. This task has been undertaken by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee 75. Within the magnetosphere, the radiation environment varies with altitude and inclination of the orbit. In outer space missions, galactic cosmic rays, with the small but important heavy-ion component, determine the radiation environment. The new recommendations for career dose limits, based on lifetime excess risk of cancer mortality, take into account age at first exposure and sex. The career limits range from 1.0 Sv (100 rem) for a 24-y-old female up to 4.0 Sv (400 rem) for a 55-y-old male, compared with the previous single limit of 4.0 Sv (400 rem). The career limit for the lens of the eye has been reduced from 6.0 Sv (600 rem) to 4.0 Sv (400 rem).
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Health physics (ISSN 0017-9078); Volume 55; 2; 159-64
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A miniaturized fibrinolytic assay for plasminogen activators (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This report describes a micro-clot lysis assay (MCLA) for evaluating fibrinolytic activity of plasminogen activators (PA). Fibrin clots were formed in wells of microtiter plates. Lysis of the clots by PA, indicated by change in turbidity (optical density, OD), was monitored with a microplate reader at five minutes intervals. Log-log plots of PA dilution versus endpoint, the time at which the OD value was halfway between the maximum and minimum value for each well, were linear over a broad range of PA concentrations (2-200 International units/ml). The MCLA is a modification and miniaturization of well established fibrinolytic methods. The significant practical advantages of the MCLA are that it is a simple, relatively sensitive, non-radioactive, quantitative, kinetic, fibrinolytic micro-technique which can be automated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Thrombosis research (ISSN 0049-3848); Volume 64; 2; 223-34
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Radiofrequency radiation (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: Sources, biophysical characteristics, and potential biological effects of rf radiation are described. Standards are given for exposure of spacecraft personnel to rf radiation.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: The Physiol. Basis for Spacecraft Environ. Limits; p 149-167
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Radiation issues for piloted Mars mission (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Current radiation risk for a piloted Mars mission is estimated using the idea of absorbed dose and ICRP-26, LET-dependent quality factors. In a spacecraft with aluminum walls (2 g/sq cm) at solar minimum the calculated dose equivalent is 0.73 Sv for a 406-day mission. Based on the current thinking this leads to an excess cancer mortality in a 35-year male of about 1 percent. About 75 percent of the dose equivalent is contributed by HZE particles and target fragments with average quality factors of 10.3 and 20, respectively. The entire concept of absorbed dose, quality factor, and dose equivalent as applied to such missions needs to be reexamined, in light of the fact that less than 50 percent of the nuclei in the body of the astronaut would have been traversed by a single GCR nuclei in the 406-day mission.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 12; 2-3,
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Toward a descriptive model of solar particles in the heliosphere (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During a workshop on the interplanetary charged particle environment held in 1987, a descriptive model of solar particles in the heliosphere was assembled. This model includes the fluence, composition, energy spectra, and spatial and temporal variations of solar particles both within and beyong 1 AU. The ability to predict solar particle fluences was also discussed. Suggestions for specific studies designed to improve the basic model were also made.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanetary Particle Environment. Proceedings of a Conference; p 3-13
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Manned Mars mission radiation environment and radiobiology (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Potential radiation hazards to crew members on manned Mars missions are discussed. It deals briefly with radiation sources and environments likely to be encountered during various phases of such missions, providing quantitative estimates of these environments. Also provided are quantitative data and discussions on the implications of such radiation on the human body. Various sorts of protective measures are suggested. Recent re-evaluation of allowable dose limits by the National Council of Radiation Protection is discussed, and potential implications from such activity are assessed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Mars Mission. Working Group Papers, V. 2, Sect. 5, App.; p 634-641
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Radiation protection guidelines for space missions (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: NASA's current radiation protection guidelines date from 1970, when the career limit was set at 400 rem. Today, using the same approach, but with the current risk estimates, a considerably lower career limit would obtain. Also, there is considerably more information about the radiation environments to be experienced in different missions than previously. Since 1970 women have joined the ranks. For these and other reasons it was necessary to reexamine the radiation protection guidelines. This task was undertaken by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee 75 (NCRP SC 75). Below the magnetosphere the radiation environment varies with altitude and orbit inclination. In outer space missions galactic cosmic rays, with the small but important heavy ion component, determine the radiation environment. The new recommendations for career dose limits, based on lifetime excess risk of cancer mortality, take into account age at first exposure and sex. The career limits range from 100 rem (4.0Sv) for a 24 year old female to 400 rem for a 55 year old male compared to the previous single limit of 400 rem (4.0 Sv). The career limit for the lens of the eye was reduced from 600 to 400 rem (6.0 to 4.0 Sv.)
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-89278 , NAS 1.15:89278 , DE87-002815 , CONF-861044-5
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Physiological considerations for EVA in the Space Station era (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The physiological parameters that will affect EMU design and operational scheduling for the Space Station Program are discussed. The system must be designed to safely and effectively handle the increased frequency of extravehicular activity projected for longer flight periods than in the past. In order to minimize the risk of decompression sickness a proper combination of equilibration time to cabin pressure, suit pressure, and prebreathing denitrogenation, is necessary. Effective thermal exchange is projected to be automatically controlled and to have an 8-hr 1000 BTU/hr capability. Physiological changes due to adaptation to weightlessness must be considered in scheduling for their impact on performance/fatigue and in coping with motion sickness. Radiation protection to the limit of 80 rad/quarter must be achieved by scheduling to avoid periodic proton and solar flare exposure, and by additional EMU shielding. Additional EMU considerations are the control of microorganisms and the higher pressure requirement for emergency O2 purge.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: SAE PAPER 851313
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Electrophoretic separation of kidney and pituitary cells on STS-8 (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Specific secretory cells were separated from suspensions of cultured primary human embryonic cells and rat pituitary cells in microgravity conditions, with an objective of isolating the subfractions of kidney cells that produce the largest amount of urakinase, and the subfractions of rat pituitary cells that secrete growth hormones (GH), prolactin (PRL), and other hormones. It is inferred from the experimental observations that the surface charge distributions of the GH-containing cells differ from those of the PRL-containing cells, which is explained by the presence of secretory products on the surface of pituitary cells. For kidney cells, the electrophoretic mobility distributions in flight experiments were spread more than the ground controls.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 5 19
    Format: text
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