ALBERT

Description: Culex quinquefasciatus (the southern house mosquito) is an important mosquito vector of viruses such as West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as of nematodes that cause lymphatic filariasis. C. quinquefasciatus is one species within the Culex pipiens species complex and can be found throughout tropical and temperate climates of the world. The ability of C. quinquefasciatus to take blood meals from birds, livestock, and humans contributes to its ability to vector pathogens between species. Here, we describe the genomic sequence of C. quinquefasciatus: Its repertoire of 18,883 protein-coding genes is 22% larger than that of Aedes aegypti and 52% larger than that of Anopheles gambiae with multiple gene-family expansions, including olfactory and gustatory receptors, salivary gland genes, and genes associated with xenobiotic detoxification.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740384/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740384/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arensburger, Peter -- Megy, Karine -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Abrudan, Jenica -- Amedeo, Paolo -- Antelo, Beatriz -- Bartholomay, Lyric -- Bidwell, Shelby -- Caler, Elisabet -- Camara, Francisco -- Campbell, Corey L -- Campbell, Kathryn S -- Casola, Claudio -- Castro, Marta T -- Chandramouliswaran, Ishwar -- Chapman, Sinead B -- Christley, Scott -- Costas, Javier -- Eisenstadt, Eric -- Feschotte, Cedric -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire -- Guigo, Roderic -- Haas, Brian -- Hammond, Martin -- Hansson, Bill S -- Hemingway, Janet -- Hill, Sharon R -- Howarth, Clint -- Ignell, Rickard -- Kennedy, Ryan C -- Kodira, Chinnappa D -- Lobo, Neil F -- Mao, Chunhong -- Mayhew, George -- Michel, Kristin -- Mori, Akio -- Liu, Nannan -- Naveira, Horacio -- Nene, Vishvanath -- Nguyen, Nam -- Pearson, Matthew D -- Pritham, Ellen J -- Puiu, Daniela -- Qi, Yumin -- Ranson, Hilary -- Ribeiro, Jose M C -- Roberston, Hugh M -- Severson, David W -- Shumway, Martin -- Stanke, Mario -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Sun, Cheng -- Sutton, Granger -- Tu, Zhijian Jake -- Tubio, Jose Manuel C -- Unger, Maria F -- Vanlandingham, Dana L -- Vilella, Albert J -- White, Owen -- White, Jared R -- Wondji, Charles S -- Wortman, Jennifer -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Birren, Bruce -- Christensen, Bruce M -- Collins, Frank H -- Cornel, Anthony -- Dimopoulos, George -- Hannick, Linda I -- Higgs, Stephen -- Lanzaro, Gregory C -- Lawson, Daniel -- Lee, Norman H -- Muskavitch, Marc A T -- Raikhel, Alexander S -- Atkinson, Peter W -- HHSN266200400001C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN266200400039C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200400039C/PHS HHS/ -- N01-AI-30071/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01AI30071/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AI000810-13/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):86-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1191864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. arensburger@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapheim, Karen M -- Pan, Hailin -- Li, Cai -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Puiu, Daniela -- Magoc, Tanja -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Hudson, Matthew E -- Venkat, Aarti -- Fischman, Brielle J -- Hernandez, Alvaro -- Yandell, Mark -- Ence, Daniel -- Holt, Carson -- Yocum, George D -- Kemp, William P -- Bosch, Jordi -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Stolle, Eckart -- Kraus, F Bernhard -- Helbing, Sophie -- Moritz, Robin F A -- Glastad, Karl M -- Hunt, Brendan G -- Goodisman, Michael A D -- Hauser, Frank -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Pinheiro, Daniel Guariz -- Nunes, Francis Morais Franco -- Soares, Michelle Prioli Miranda -- Tanaka, Erica Donato -- Simoes, Zila Luz Paulino -- Hartfelder, Klaus -- Evans, Jay D -- Barribeau, Seth M -- Johnson, Reed M -- Massey, Jonathan H -- Southey, Bruce R -- Hasselmann, Martin -- Hamacher, Daniel -- Biewer, Matthias -- Kent, Clement F -- Zayed, Amro -- Blatti, Charles 3rd -- Sinha, Saurabh -- Johnston, J Spencer -- Hanrahan, Shawn J -- Kocher, Sarah D -- Wang, Jun -- Robinson, Gene E -- Zhang, Guojie -- DP1 OD006416/OD/NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1139-43. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4788. Epub 2015 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. karen.kapheim@usu.edu wangj@genomics.org.cn generobi@illinois.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark. ; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science, and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Center for Computational Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Biology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA. ; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58102, USA. ; Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ; Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany. Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Organismal Biology Research Group, London E1 4NS, UK. ; Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Halle, Ernst Grube Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. ; Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany. ; Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA. ; Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. ; Departamento de Genetica e Evolucao, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, 13565-905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. ; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. ; Departamento de Genetica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. ; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogenicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. ; USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA. ; Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA. ; Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Breeding, University of Hohenheim, Germany. ; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institue, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. karen.kapheim@usu.edu wangj@genomics.org.cn generobi@illinois.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Center for Advanced Study Professor in Entomology and Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. karen.kapheim@usu.edu wangj@genomics.org.cn generobi@illinois.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. karen.kapheim@usu.edu wangj@genomics.org.cn generobi@illinois.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Motivation: Second-generation sequencing technologies produce high coverage of the genome by short reads at a low cost, which has prompted development of new assembly methods. In particular, multiple algorithms based on de Bruijn graphs have been shown to be effective for the assembly problem. In this article, we describe a new hybrid approach that has the computational efficiency of de Bruijn graph methods and the flexibility of overlap-based assembly strategies, and which allows variable read lengths while tolerating a significant level of sequencing error. Our method transforms large numbers of paired-end reads into a much smaller number of longer ‘super-reads’. The use of super-reads allows us to assemble combinations of Illumina reads of differing lengths together with longer reads from 454 and Sanger sequencing technologies, making it one of the few assemblers capable of handling such mixtures. We call our system the Maryland Super-Read Celera Assembler (abbreviated MaSuRCA and pronounced ‘mazurka’). Results: We evaluate the performance of MaSuRCA against two of the most widely used assemblers for Illumina data, Allpaths-LG and SOAPdenovo2, on two datasets from organisms for which high-quality assemblies are available: the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and chromosome 16 of the mouse genome. We show that MaSuRCA performs on par or better than Allpaths-LG and significantly better than SOAPdenovo on these data, when evaluated against the finished sequence. We then show that MaSuRCA can significantly improve its assemblies when the original data are augmented with long reads. Availability: MaSuRCA is available as open-source code at ftp://ftp.genome.umd.edu/pub/MaSuRCA/ . Previous (pre-publication) releases have been publicly available for over a year. Contact: alekseyz@ipst.umd.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Description: Genomic analysis in Juglans (walnuts) is expected to transform the breeding and agricultural production of both nuts and lumber. To that end, we report here the determination of reference sequences for six additional relatives of Juglans regia : Juglans sigillata (also from section Dioscaryon ), Juglans nigra , Juglans microcarpa , Juglans hindsii (from section Rhysocaryon ), Juglans cathayensis (from section Cardiocaryon ), and the closely related Pterocarya stenoptera . While these are ‘draft’ genomes, ranging in size between 640Mbp and 990Mbp, their contiguities and accuracies can support powerful annotations of genomic variation that are often the foundation of new avenues of research and breeding. We annotated nucleotide divergence and synteny by creating complete pairwise alignments of each reference genome to the remaining six. In addition, we have re-sequenced a sample of accessions from four Juglans species (including regia ). The variation discovered in these surveys comprises a critical resource for experimentation and breeding, as well as a solid complementary annotation. To demonstrate the potential of these resources the structural and sequence variation in and around the polyphenol oxidase loci, PPO1 and PPO2 were investigated. As reported for other seed crops variation in this gene is implicated in the domestication of walnuts. The apparently Juglandaceae specific PPO1 duplicate shows accelerated divergence and an excess of amino acid replacement on the lineage leading to accessions of the domesticated nut crop species, Juglans regia and sigillata .

Description: Motivation: A large and rapidly growing number of bacterial organisms have been sequenced by the newest sequencing technologies. Cheaper and faster sequencing technologies make it easy to generate very high coverage of bacterial genomes, but these advances mean that DNA preparation costs can exceed the cost of sequencing for small genomes. The need to contain costs often results in the creation of only a single sequencing library, which in turn introduces new challenges for genome assembly methods. Results: We evaluated the ability of multiple genome assembly programs to assemble bacterial genomes from a single, deep-coverage library. For our comparison, we chose bacterial species spanning a wide range of GC content and measured the contiguity and accuracy of the resulting assemblies. We compared the assemblies produced by this very high-coverage, one-library strategy to the best assemblies created by two-library sequencing, and we found that remarkably good bacterial assemblies are possible with just one library. We also measured the effect of read length and depth of coverage on assembly quality and determined the values that provide the best results with current algorithms. Contact: salzberg@jhu.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Description: Since its launch in 2004, the open-source AMOS project has released several innovative DNA sequence analysis applications including: Hawkeye, a visual analytics tool for inspecting the structure of genome assemblies; the Assembly Forensics and FRCurve pipelines for systematically evaluating the quality of a genome assembly; and AMOScmp, the first comparative genome assembler. These applications have been used to assemble and analyze dozens of genomes ranging in complexity from simple microbial species through mammalian genomes. Recent efforts have been focused on enhancing support for new data characteristics brought on by second- and now third-generation sequencing. This review describes the major components of AMOS in light of these challenges, with an emphasis on methods for assessing assembly quality and the visual analytics capabilities of Hawkeye. These interactive graphical aspects are essential for navigating and understanding the complexities of a genome assembly, from the overall genome structure down to individual bases. Hawkeye and AMOS are available open source at http://amos.sourceforge.net .

Description: Oak represents a valuable natural resource across Northern Hemisphere ecosystems, attracting a large research community studying its genetics, ecology, conservation, and management. Here we introduce a draft genome assembly of valley oak ( Quercus lobata ) using Illumina sequencing of adult leaf tissue of a tree found in an accessible, well-studied, natural southern California population. Our assembly includes a nuclear genome and a complete chloroplast genome, along with annotation of encoded genes. The assembly contains 94,394 scaffolds, totaling 1.17 Gb with 18,512 scaffolds of length 2 kb or longer, with a total length of 1.15 Gb, and a N50 scaffold size of 278,077 kb. The k -mer histograms indicate an diploid genome size of ~720–730 Mb, which is smaller than the total length due to high heterozygosity, estimated at 1.25%. A comparison with a recently published European oak ( Q. robur ) nuclear sequence indicates 93% similarity. The Q. lobata chloroplast genome has 99% identity with another North American oak, Q. rubra . Preliminary annotation yielded an estimate of 61,773 predicted protein-coding genes, of which 71% had similarity to known protein domains. We searched 956 Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs, and found 863 complete orthologs, of which 450 were present in 〉 1 copy. We also examined an earlier version (v0.5) where duplicate haplotypes were removed to discover variants. These additional sources indicate that the predicted gene count in Version 1.0 is overestimated by 37–52%. Nonetheless, this first draft valley oak genome assembly represents a high-quality, well-annotated genome that provides a tool for forest restoration and management practices.

Description: A reference genome sequence for Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Coastal Douglas-fir) is reported, thus providing a reference sequence for a third genus of the family Pinaceae. The contiguity and quality of the genome assembly far exceeds that of other conifer reference genome sequences (contig N50 = 44,136 bp and scaffold N50 = 340,704 bp). Incremental improvements in sequencing and assembly technologies are in part responsible for the higher quality reference genome, but it may also be due to a slightly lower exact repeat content in Douglas-fir vs. pine and spruce. Comparative genome annotation with angiosperm species reveals gene-family expansion and contraction in Douglas-fir and other conifers which may account for some of the major morphological and physiological differences between the two major plant groups. Notable differences in the size of the NDH-complex gene family and genes underlying the functional basis of shade tolerance/intolerance were observed. This reference genome sequence not only provides an important resource for Douglas-fir breeders and geneticists but also sheds additional light on the evolutionary processes that have led to the divergence of modern angiosperms from the more ancient gymnosperms.