Publication Date:
2013-10-26
Description:
The shape of the human face and skull is largely genetically determined. However, the genomic basis of craniofacial morphology is incompletely understood and hypothesized to involve protein-coding genes, as well as gene regulatory sequences. We used a combination of epigenomic profiling, in vivo characterization of candidate enhancer sequences in transgenic mice, and targeted deletion experiments to examine the role of distant-acting enhancers in craniofacial development. We identified complex regulatory landscapes consisting of enhancers that drive spatially complex developmental expression patterns. Analysis of mouse lines in which individual craniofacial enhancers had been deleted revealed significant alterations of craniofacial shape, demonstrating the functional importance of enhancers in defining face and skull morphology. These results demonstrate that enhancers are involved in craniofacial development and suggest that enhancer sequence variation contributes to the diversity of human facial morphology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991470/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991470/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attanasio, Catia -- Nord, Alex S -- Zhu, Yiwen -- Blow, Matthew J -- Li, Zirong -- Liberton, Denise K -- Morrison, Harris -- Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid -- Holt, Amy -- Hosseini, Roya -- Phouanenavong, Sengthavy -- Akiyama, Jennifer A -- Shoukry, Malak -- Afzal, Veena -- Rubin, Edward M -- FitzPatrick, David R -- Ren, Bing -- Hallgrimsson, Benedikt -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Visel, Axel -- 1R01DE01963/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- 1R01DE021708/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- 1U01DE020054/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM105202/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_PC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DE019638/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE021708/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003991/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG003991/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE020054/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE020060/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01DE020060/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006997/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG006997/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):1241006. doi: 10.1126/science.1241006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics/pathology
;
Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics/*physiology
;
Epigenesis, Genetic
;
Face/abnormalities/*anatomy & histology
;
Gene Expression Profiling
;
*Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
;
Gene Targeting
;
Maxillofacial Development/*genetics
;
Mice
;
Mice, Transgenic
;
Sequence Deletion
;
Skull/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/*growth & development
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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