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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive synthesis of poly[r(G-C)] using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 236 (1985), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90604-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional status and energy metabolism of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, girard) muscle and hepatopancreas
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 88 (1987), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(87)90050-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between total magnesium concentration and free intracellular magnesium in sheep red blood cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1094 (1991), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Sheep red blood cell) ; Magnesium ion ; NMR ; intracellular
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(91)90025-S
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses, electrochemistry and molecular modeling of N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine (DCNQI) derivatives of substituted 1,4-anthracenediones: precursors for organic metals.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 49 (1993), S. 4881-4892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4020(01)80405-1
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of Baby Hamster Kidney Natural Cell Aggregation in Suspended Batch Cultures (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 745 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44368.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilizer inputs, nutrient balance, and soil nutrient-supplying power in intensive, irrigated rice systems. II: Effective soil K-supplying capacity (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 46 (1996), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: long-term experiments ; potassium ; rice ; soil testing ; ion-exchange resin ; potassium-supplying capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Based on the analysis of soil K status in 11 long-term fertility experiments in Asia, two approaches for assessing the K-supplying power of lowland paddy soils were evaluated to predict total K uptake by irrigated rice. A regression model combining commonly used static soil test parameters that appeared to integrate measures of K release from nonexchangeable forms as well as chemical factors affecting K activity in soil solution explained 72% of the crop K uptake in NP and NPK treatments. However, this approach would require determination of six soil properties and it does not provide a direct measure of K release dynamics. The second approach used mixed-bed ion exchange resin capsules to measure K release during 2-wk anaerobic incubation. The resin method provided an integrative measure of soil K status and the factors controlling K transformation and diffusion rates, which are embodied in two kinetic parameters describing the dynamics of rapid- and slow-phase K release. The resin method was sensitive to past fertilizer history and the resulting buildup or depletion of soil K reserves and it was a better predictor of total K uptake in the NP and NPK plots (r2=0.82) than static soil tests. The results also indicated that high (Ca+Mg)/K ratios may contribute to K deficiency in rice soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210220
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertilizer inputs, nutrient balance, and soil nutrient-supplying power in intensive, irrigated rice systems. I. Potassium uptake and K balance (1996)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 46 (1996), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: long-term experiments ; nutrient balance ; potassium ; rice ; potassium use efficiency ; potassium uptake ; potassium response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Research in many countries indicates a negative K balance in intensive, irrigated rice systems but comparative studies across different environments are few. Using a uniform sampling methodology, we measured K uptake, K use efficiency, and K balance in six different fertilizer treatments of long-term fertility experiments with rice at 11 sites in five Asian countries. Depending on the absolute yield level, K uptake requirements of rice ranged from 17 to 30 kg K per ton of grain. For yields greater than 8 t ha-1, total K uptake exceeded 200 kg ha-1. The K balance at most experimental sites was negative, with an average net removal of 34–63 kg K season-1. There was significant depletion of soil K reserves at many sites. Based on these data, we estimated that the amount of K cycled annually from the soil into rice plants is 7–10 million t in irrigated rice systems of Asia. About 1 million t of this total amount is removed with the harvested grain. Present recommendations for K addition in most intensive irrigated rice domains are insufficient to replace K removal. However, response to K can only be expected on soils with deficient supply capacity and where other nutrients, particularly N and P, are not limiting. Efficient K management for rice must therefore be based on the K input/output balance, the achievable yield target, and the effective K-supplying power of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210219
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of woody legume nodules in two tree/grass associations under contrasting environmental conditions (2000)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 48 (2000), S. 229-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Erythrina variegata ; Gliricidia sepium ; Guadeloupe ; herbivory ; nitrogen release ; silvopastoral systems ; soil moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Turnover of nitrogen-rich root nodules follows the pruning of legume trees, forming a potentially important yet little studied way of N release to the soil. The effects of soil moisture, herbivory by soil mesofauna and microbial decomposition on the disappearance rate of woody legume nodules was studied in two tree/grass forage production associations. Litter bags containing nodules of Erythrina variegata L. (Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) were incubated for four weeks in grass-covered alleys between Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (Papilionoideae: Robinieae) hedgerows, established on a deep alluvial Oxisol under a humid tropical climate and on a shallow Vertisol under a subhumid tropical climate in Guadeloupe, French Antilles. Soil moisture was regulated by irrigating or covering small plots from natural rainfall. Fine nylon mesh bags were used to study the rate of microbial decomposition, and open-ended perforated cylinders were used to estimate nodule herbivory. The chemical traits, especially the lignin: nitrogen ratio, of E. variegata and G. sepium nodules were similar (lignin: N 1.70 and 1.55, respectively), and suggest that the results are probably also applicable to the G. sepium nodules in the associations. Both soil moisture and decomposing agent (microbes or mesofauna) had a significant effect on the nodule disappearance rate, but soil type did not have any apparent effect. The nodule half-life varied from three to seven days under different treatments. The N release rate from the nodules was high, with N half-life varying from three to five days. Herbivory accounted for ca. 10% of total mass and N loss from nodules during the four-week field incubation period, but its importance increased towards the end of the incubation, especially in Vertisol, after the most easily decomposable part of the nodules had decayed. After pruning, the nodule N is released to soil more rapidly than from mulch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006237702131
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass allocation and nodulation of Gliricidia sepium under two cut-and-carry forage production regimes (1998)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 41 (1998), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: fodder trees ; legume trees ; nitrogen harvest ; nodule biomass ; pruning ; silvopastoral systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of two pruning regimes on the above-ground biomass allocation and nodulation of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (Leguminosae: Robinieae) were studied in a cut-and-carry forage production system under humid tropical conditions in Guadeloupe, French Antilles. The grass layer composed of a mixture dominated by Paspalum notatum Flügge (80%) and Digitaria decumbens Stent. The pruning regimes were partial pruning (ca. 50%) every two months and complete pruning every six months. The complete pruning caused an almost complete turnover of N2 fixing nodules. The nodule biomass decreased after the partial pruning, but the turnover was not complete. The nodule to foliage biomass ratio followed the same pattern under both treatments, and the values of the ratio converged towards the end of the experimental period. The maxima of standing nodule biomass were 7.2 and 13.0 kg ha−1 in the partially and completely pruned trees, respectively. The cumulative leaf fodder harvest was higher under partial pruning management, due to smaller litter loss. The branch biomass production was higher under complete pruning management. Grass production was not affected by the pruning pattern of G. sepium. It was concluded that the partial pruning management produces more fodder in the studied association, and the nodulation probably adjusts to the canopy N requirements. The potential N release to soil in the turnover of nodules of G. sepium (max. 0.82 kg ha−1) is negligible compared to the N export in tree and grass fodder harvest, 190 and 215 kg ha−1 in partially and completely pruned plots, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006064707252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil organic matter and the indigenous nitrogen supply of intensive irrigated rice systems in the tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 182 (1996), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anaerobic soil ; flooded soils ; intensive cropping ; long term experiments ; lowland rice ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrogen uptake ; on-farm research ; organic carbon ; organic matter ; Oryza sativa ; plant nitrogen ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) has been proposed as an index of N supply in paddy soils although field validations are few. We evaluated the relationship between the indigenous N supply (N i ) of the soil-floodwater system and soil organic carbon (SOC) or total N (N t ) in surface soil of long-term fertility experiments (LTFEs) at 11 sites, in 42 farmer's fiels with similar soil type, and in the same field in ten consecutive rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. The N i was estimated by crop N uptake from plots without applied N (N o plots) under otherwise favorable growth conditions. There was a tight linear correlation between yields and N uptake in N o plots and tremendous variation in both parameters among LTFE sites, farmer's fields, and in the same field over time. Correlation between N i and SOC or N t explained little of this variation. Factors likely to contribute to the poor correlation were: (1) inputs of N from sources other than N mineralization of SOM in surface soil, (2) degree of congruence between soil N supply and crop demand, which is sensitive to soil drying, length of fallow, crop rotation, and residue management, and (3) differences in SOM quality related to intensive cropping in submerged soil. Better understanding of the processes governing the N i of tropical lowland rice systems would contribute to the development of crop management practices that optimize utilization of indigenous N resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029058
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