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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age of the Youngest Hydrated Halloysite of Kyushu (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 647-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1. (AFTER AOMINE AND MIYAUCHI) In elay fraction Organic Hydrated Horizon Depth (cm) carbon (per cent) Allophane (per cent) halloysite (per cent) 1 0-30 8-2 67 0 2 30-80 2-4 75 0 3 80-90 1-2 73 0 4 90-140 1-7 68 0 5 140-190 11-0 37 33 1 0-30 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/212647a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of annular fins on a horizontal tube (1974)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 7 (1974), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Rohre mit gleichabständlichen Kreisrippen gleicher Dicke werden für Wärmeaustauscher häufig verwendet. Hier wird ein analytisches Modell entwickelt und der damit berechnete Gesamtwärmeübergang mit verfügbaren Meßwerten verglichen. Für die Optimierung der Rippen/Rohr-Geometrie wird ein graphisches Verfahren verwendet, das die größte Wärmeübertragung durch freie Konvektion liefert. Diese optimale Anordnung hängt ab von der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Rippenmaterials, dem Rohrdurchmesser, dem Rippenvolumen je Rohrlänge und der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Rohr und Umgebung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine Rippe im so optimierten System kürzer und dicker sein muß als die allein betrachtete Rippe kleinsten Materialaufwands (also ohne Berücksichtigung der Wirkung des Rippenabstandes).
    Notes: Abstract A combination of uniform-thickness annular fins evenly spaced on a tube is a common extended-surface heat exchanger configuration. An analytical model is developed and is verified by comparing total heat transfer predicted by the model to available experimental data. A direct-pattern search technique is applied to the model to optimize the fin/ tube geometry. Optimum dimensions and spacing of fins are established to provide the maximum free convection heat transfer from a fin/tube combination. The optimum arrangement is dependent on fin thermal conductivity, tube diameter, volume of fin material per unit length of tube, and temperature difference between the tube and the surrounding air. Calculated results indicate that a fin in the optimum fin/tube system is shorter and thicker than an isolated fin optimized for minimum material (with no consideration of the effects of fin spacing).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01369516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sizing of heat exchangers with non-uniform coefficients (1973)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 6 (1973), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Berücksichtigung des Einflusses eines nicht-konstanten Gesamtwärmeübergangskoeffizienten in Doppelwand-Wärmetauschern wird ein Verfahren erläutert, daß die Effektivitäts(oder Wirkungsgrad-)Methode verwendet. Der lokale Wärmeübergangskoeffizient kann sich dabei mit der lokalen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den beiden Fluiden nach der Funktion (T-t)n ändern, wobei der Exponent „n“ individuelle Größen bei verschiedenen physikalischen Situationen berücksichtigt. Es wird ein Verfahren für die Abschätzung des geeigneten Zahlenwertes für „n“ für ein) spezielles Problem angegeben. Das Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist ein Korrekturfaktor zu den gewöhnlichen Ergebnissen der Wirkungsgrad-Methode bei konstanten Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten.
    Notes: Abstract A technique is presented to include the effects of a non-uniform, overall heat transfer coefficient in double-pipe heat exchanger analysis using the effectiveness (or efficiency) method. The local overall coefficient is permitted to vary with the local temperature difference between the two fluids according to (T−t)n, where the exponent “n” assumes individual values for various physical situations. A procedure is provided to estimate the appropriate value of “n” for a particular problem. The development provides a correction factor to the ordinary results of the effectiveness method for uniform overall coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270698
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic ordering and superconductivity in A-15 compounds (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 1 (1969), S. 539-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-six different binary A-15 compounds were investigated to determine if superconductivity could be related to the degree of long-range atomic ordering on the crystallographic lattice sites. Significant changes in the superconducting transition temperatures and critical fields were produced by quenching from high temperatures followed by low-temperature annealing. These changes inT cwere accompanied by changes in the degree of long-range ordering as determined using x-ray diffraction methods. The results can be interpreted within the framework of Weger's “linear-chain” model only when the B-element is a nontransition element. When both the A-and B-components are transition elements, however, the superconducting behavior will apparently depend on the nature of “d-electron” interactions between the component atoms. Complete ordering is not always an essential requirement for optimizing the superconducting properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627932
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the surface geometry of smooth and porous-coated titanium alloy on the orientation of fibroblasts in vitro (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 107-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The migration and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts in relation to the rim of smooth-surfaced and porous-coated titanium discs placed on multilayers in vitro was investigated. Samples were examined after 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days of culture using phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The cells migrated from the multilayer onto the smooth-surfaced discs forming bridges between them, and orientated along parallel circumferential grooves in the rim of the discs. This resulted in the cellular bridges orientating at an acute angle to the rim of the disc, and adjacent cells in the multilayer orientating parallel to the rim. Cellular bridges were also formed between the porous-coated discs and the multilayer but, because the cells that migrated onto, and between, the spheres of the porous-coat showed no preferred orientation, the bridges retained their orientation at right angles to the surface of the rim. This in turn resulted in the cells of the adjacent multilayer becoming similarly orientated. These observations suggest that the geometrical configuration of the surface of implants could influence whether a capsule or an orientated fibrous attachment is developed in relation to implants in vivo.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820210114
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  • 6
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    Diverse viral miRNAs inhibit interferon signaling [Microbiology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-11
    Description: Diverse viruses encode regulatory RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). Despite much progress, the functions of the majority of viral miRNAs remain unknown. Most previous studies have used biochemical methods to uncover targets of viral miRNAs, but it is unclear what fraction of these targets is functionally important. Here, we apply an...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Diversity-generating biosynthesis [Chemistry] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-17
    Description: A conventional metabolic pathway leads to a specific product. In stark contrast, there are diversity-generating metabolic pathways that naturally produce different chemicals, sometimes of great diversity. We demonstrate that for one such pathway, tru, each ensuing metabolic step is slower, in parallel with the increasing potential chemical divergence generated as...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Targeting a ceramide double bond improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Ceramides contribute to the lipotoxicity that underlies diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and heart disease. By genetically engineering mice, we deleted the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase-1 (DES1) which normally inserts a conserved double bond into the backbone of ceramides and other predominant sphingolipids. Ablation of DES1 from whole animals, or tissue-specific deletion in the liver, and/or adipose tissue resolved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice caused by leptin deficiency or obesogenic diets. Mechanistic studies revealed new ceramide actions that promoted lipid uptake and storage and impaired glucose utilization, none of which could be recapitulated by (dihydro)ceramides that lacked the critical double bond. These studies suggest that inhibition of DES1 may provide a means of treating hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Targeting a ceramide double bond improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Ceramides contribute to the lipotoxicity that underlies diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and heart disease. By genetically engineering mice, we deleted the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1), which normally inserts a conserved double bond into the backbone of ceramides and other predominant sphingolipids. Ablation of DES1 from whole animals or tissue-specific deletion in the liver and/or adipose tissue resolved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice caused by leptin deficiency or obesogenic diets. Mechanistic studies revealed ceramide actions that promoted lipid uptake and storage and impaired glucose utilization, none of which could be recapitulated by (dihydro)ceramides that lacked the critical double bond. These studies suggest that inhibition of DES1 may provide a means of treating hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    T cell-mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The microbiota influences obesity, yet organisms that protect from disease remain unknown. During studies interrogating host-microbiota interactions, we observed the development of age-associated metabolic syndrome (MetS). Expansion of 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 and loss of Clostridia were key features associated with obesity in this model and are present in humans with MetS. T cell–dependent events were required to prevent disease, and replacement of Clostridia rescued obesity. Inappropriate immunoglobulin A targeting of Clostridia and increased 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉 antagonized the colonization of beneficial Clostridia. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed enhanced lipid absorption in the obese host. Colonization of germ-free mice with Clostridia, but not 〈i〉Desulfovibrio〈/i〉, down-regulated genes that control lipid absorption and reduced adiposity. Thus, immune control of the microbiota maintains beneficial microbial populations that constrain lipid metabolism to prevent MetS.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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