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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8847
    Electronic ISSN: 2056-5232
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1987-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8847
    Electronic ISSN: 2056-5232
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Merckoquant nitrate test strips gave reactions identical to standard sulphanilamide N-I-naphthylethyl-enediamine reagents for determining nitrate reduction in several bacterial genera. The strips obviate the need for fresh reagents and are useful as an off-the-shelf test.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Pythium attributable to thirteen named species and to species group F (sensu van der Plaats-Niterink) were isolated from roots of field-grown rice seedlings showing poor root development and lack of vigour. P. arrhenomanes and group F were the most commonly isolated species. The roots of 15-week-old rice plants yielded only P. flevoense, P. vanterpoolii, P. rostratum and Pythium group G of which the latter two were not obtained from seedling roots.In pot tests with representative Pythium isolates, P. arrhenomanes was most pathogenic to rice seedlings, causing pre- and post-emergence death and average reductions in shoot and root growth in surviving seedlings of 48 and 70%, respectively. P. irregulare killed seedlings before but not after emergence, whilst the response of rice seedlings to P. myriotylum apparently depended on the length and timing of a cold shock treatment. P. pyrilobum did not reduce seedling number or shoot growth but reduced root growth. P. vanterpoolii and group F were not pathogenic in the tests. P. coloratum, P. echinulatum, P. flevoense, P. oedochilum, P. oligandrum, P. periilum, P. pyrilobum and P. rostratum were isolated infrequently and had no adverse effects on seedlings in pathogenicity tests, although P. myriotylum, P. oligandrum, and P. periilum were associated with significant increases in shoot growth. P. tracheiphilum was isolated from one site but its pathogenicity was not tested.This is the first record of P. coloratum, P. echinulatum, P. flevoense, P. irregulare, P. oedochilum, P. oligandrum, P. periilum, P. pyrilobum and P. tracheiphilum from rice roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 35 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas. Erwinia. Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Escherichia were isolated from internal swollen leaf bases of naturally infected onion bulbs and were pathogenic to onion tissue on reinoculation. In pathogenicity tests, inoculation of slices from symptomless bulbs with one bacterium or with a sterile needle often resulted in isolation of P. aeruginosa, Serratia marcesvens and Bacillus cereus. It is postulated that the bacteria isolated form part of the endophytic microflora of an onion bulb, and that they may become opportunistic pathogens when changes in host physiology are triggered by high temperatures at bulb maturity.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A leaf spot of jojoba caused by Burkholderia andropogonis is described for the first time. Symptoms ranged from necrotic flecking with comparatively large watersoaked halos to larger ‘eyespot’ lesions c. 3 mm in diameter with watersoaked halos 1–1·5 mm wide. The necrosis was light tan in colour. Isolates from jojoba displayed variable pathogenicity to other known hosts of B. andropogonis (Dianthus, Cicer, Gypsophila and sorghum), but were not pathogenic, or only weakly so, to sweetcorn, Limonium and Trifolium. Identification was confirmed by cell-wall fatty acid composition and the bacterium's possession of a single polar flagellum.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola causes bacterial leaf spot on cruciferous plants in Australia. This is the first record confirming the identity of seven isolates currently stored as P. syringae pv. maculicola in the herbarium of the Department of Agriculture, Orange, Australia (Herb. DAR). The isolates were identified using pathogenicity testing on cauliflower and fatty acid methyl ester analysis. They clustered together using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16S−23S internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) using seven restriction enzymes. Identification was confirmed by comparison of these isolates with known overseas isolates of P. syringae pv. maculicola, but there was significant variation in their pathogenicity and genetic structure.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 28 (1985), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: crop loss assessment ; yield reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zufallsgemäss ausgewählte Pflanzen aus kommerziellem Anbau der Sorte Sebago wurden in 2 Vegetationsperioden kurz vor normalem Erntetermin auf Stolo- und Stengelinfektion durchR. solani ausgewertet (Abb. 1). Das Knollengewicht wurde in Relation zur Position der Stolonen ermittelt. Ertrag und Stolonenzahl stiegen mit steigendem Kraut-Frischgewicht pro Trieb (Tabellen 1, 2, 4), das Frischgewicht der Triebe war die ausschlaggebende Variable bei der Deutung des Ertragsrückganges aus der Rate für Stolo-Abschnürungen. In beiden Vegetationsperioden ergaben die Daten ein proportional schiefes Modell für die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Knollenverteilung senkrecht zum Stengelprofil (Tabelle 3). Die Knollen waren nicht einheitlich, verteilt: die basalen Stolonen wie auch diejenigen nahe der Bodenoberfläche zeigten die geringste Wahrscheinlichkeit für marktfähige Knollen (〉45 g). Die grösste Wahrscheinlichkeit für marktfähige Knollen ergab sich beim dritten und vierten Stolo unterhalb der Bodenoberfläche (Abb. 2). Die beobachtete Knollenverteilung ist ein Ausdruck des Assimilat-Transfers. Der Einfluss der Infektion durchR. solani wird durch ein Modell bestimmt, welches auf der Annahme eines Schwellenwertes beruht (α(2), Tab. 5, 6), dass die Pflanze Abschnürung (Abb. 3) und Stengelkrankheit ausgleichen kann. Jenseits dieser, Schwelle wird ein proportionaler Rückgang im Assimilatfluss, also Ertrag, mit grösserem Erkrankungsgrad postuliert. Stengelbefall beeinflusste Kraut-Frischgewicht oder Ertrag (Abb. 4) nicht signifikant; für jeweils 20% Anstieg bei Stolo-Abschnürungen oberhalb der α-Schwelle wurde der Ertrag um 6% reduziert (Tab. 6). Es wird angenommen, dass bei Abschnürung von Knollen-Initialen an Original-Stolonen diese nicht im Gesamt-Rückgang eingeschlossen sind und dass es keinen Rückkopplungs-Mechanismus zur Senkung der Photosynthese und folglich des Assimilatflusses gibt. Jede Ertragsreduktion ist die Folge einer Verhinderung des Einsetzens neuer Knollen-Initiierungen und eine Folge der Position des ursprünglichen abgeschnürten Stolos im Verhältnis zu den Stolonen mit der grössten Auswirkung auf den Ertragsrückgang.
    Abstract: Résumé Des plantes choisies au hasard dans une culture de la variété Sebago ont été classées au cours de deux années selon l'importance de leur contamination parR. solani sur tiges et sur stolons (figure 1), juste avant la date normale de récolte. Les poids de tubercules en fonction de leur position sur le stolon ont été enregistrés. On a noté un accroissement du rendement et du nombre de stolons avec le poids frais par tiges des fanes (tableaux 1, 2, 4) et le poids frais des fanes s'est avéré être une variable essentielle dans l'interprétation de la réduction des rendements due au sectionnement des stolons. Pour les deux années, les données suivent un modèle de distributions discontinues proportionnelles pour la probabilité des distributions de tubercules de long de la tige (tableau 3). Les tubercules ne sont pas distribués uniformément: les stolons de la base et ceux situés près de la surface du sol ont la probabilité la plus faible de porter des tubercules commercialisables (〉45 g). La probabilité la plus forte de trouver un tubercule commercialisable se situe sur les troisième et quatrième stolons en dessous du niveau du sol (figure 2). La distribution des tubercules observée est attribuée au transfert des éléments assimilables. Les effets de la contamination parR. solani sur la récolte ont été déterminés à partir d'un modèle basé sur l'hypothèse jusqu'à une valeur seuil (α(2); tableaux 5 et 6) la plante peut s'adapter au sectionnement (figure 3) et aux attaques sur tige. Au delà de ce seuil, on suppose qu'il y aurait une diminution proportionnelle du transfert des éléments nutritifs et par conséquent de la récolte à l'accroissement de la maladie. Les attaques sur tiges n'ont affecté significativement ni le poids frais des fanes ni la récolte (figure 4), mais à chaque augmentation de 20% du sectionnement des stolons, au dessus du seuil, la récolte a chuté de 6% (tableau 6). On a supposé que si les initiations portées par les stolons originels sont détruites, elles ne sont pas incluses dans la force d'absorption totale de la plante et qu'il n'y a pas de mécanisme rétroactif pour diminuer la photosynthèse et donc le courant d'assimilation. Toute réduction du rendement résulte d'un retard d'initiation de nouveaux tubercules et de la position du stolon originel détruit par rapport aux stolons principaux.
    Notes: Summary Plants dug at random from a commerical crop, cv. Sebago, were scored just prior to normal harvest date in two seasons for stem and stolon infection caused byR. solani. Tuber weights relative to stolon position were recorded. Yield was directly related to haulm fresh weight (F) and it was considered essential to includeF when interpreting yield reduction from stolon pruning. The probability of tuber size distribution fitted a proportional odds model; tuber sizes were not uniformly distributed down the stem profile and the top and bottom stolons had the lowest probabilities of bearing, marketable tubers (〉45 g), but commonly bore them when stolons in the middle of the stem profile were pruned. Stem canker did not significantly affect haulm fresh weight or tuber yield and there was a stolon pruning threshold (18%) below which yield was not reduced. For every 20% increase in pruning above this threshold, yield was reduced by only 6%. The effects ofR. solani infection on yield were determined from a model based on an assumption of assimilate flow.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 35 (1992), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Erwinia chrysanthemi ; resistance bacteria ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Calcium levels in the periderm of tubers (cv. Sebago) growing in irrigated sands were influenced by the stem position at which the tuber grew, but the effect was not consistent over two seasons. Calcium levels were increased at all tuber positions by addition of calcium to soil; combined treatments of gypsum (1400 kg Ca2+/ha) pre-plant and calcium nitrate (37 kg Ca2+/ha) side dressings gave the greatest response. Percentage incidence of soft rot lesions caused byErwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae was not influenced by periderm calcium content. The severity of infection (weight of tissue macerated within 48 h at 30°C) was significantly reduced only by the pre-plant gypsum treatment, but there was no correlation with calcium content of the periderm. Calcium levels in periderm tissue (60–208 mg Ca2+/100g) are within the range of published data for other cultivars and results support previous reports that the correlation between tuber susceptibility toErwinia spp. and periderm calcium content is inconsistent.
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