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  • 1
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    The CCRUSH Study: Coarse and fine particulate matter measurements in northeastern Colorado 2009-2012 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Clements, Jeff C; Hannigan, Michael P; Miller, Shelly L; Peel, Jennifer L; Milford, Jana B (2016): Comparisons of urban and rural PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations and semi-volatile fractions in northeastern Colorado. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(11), 7469-7484, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7469-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Coarse (PM10-2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter in the atmosphere adversely affect human health and influence climate. While PM2.5 is relatively well studied, less is known about the sources and fate of PM10-2.5. The Colorado Coarse Rural-Urban Sources and Health (CCRUSH) study measured PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, as well as the fraction of semi-volatile material (SVM) in each size regime (SVM2.5, SVM10-2.5), for three years in Denver and comparatively rural Greeley, Colorado. Agricultural operations east of Greeley appear to have contributed to the peak PM10-2.5 concentrations there, but concentrations were generally lower in Greeley than in Denver. Traffic-influenced sites in Denver had PM10-2.5 concentrations that averaged from 14.6 to 19.7 µg/m**3 and mean PM10-2.5/PM10 ratios of 0.56 to 0.70, higher than at residential sites in Denver or Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were more temporally variable than PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of the two pollutants were not correlated. Spatial correlations of daily averaged PM10-2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 for pairs of sites in Denver and from 0.47 to 0.70 between Denver and Greeley. Compared to PM10-2.5, concentrations of PM2.5 were more correlated across sites within Denver and less correlated between Denver and Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were highest during the summer and early fall, while PM2.5 and SVM2.5 concentrations peaked in winter during periodic multi-day inversions. SVM10-2.5 concentrations were low at all sites. Diurnal peaks in PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations corresponded to morning and afternoon peaks of traffic activity, and were enhanced by boundary layer dynamics. SVM2.5 concentrations peaked around noon on both weekdays and weekends. PM10-2.5 concentrations at sites located near highways generally increased with wind speeds above about 3 m/s. Little wind speed dependence was observed for the residential sites in Denver and Greeley.
    Keywords: Colorado, United States of America; File name; File size; NE-Colorado; Uniform resource locator/link to raw data file; Weather station/meteorological observation; WST
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 2
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and the valve gaping response of adult eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: While many studies document effects of elevated pCO2 on coastal organisms, the environmental variability characteristic of coastal regions is often not directly tested. We tested for effects of elevated pCO2 on the valve gaping activity of adult eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in response to acute heat shock that can occur in nearshore shallow coastal waters. In two consecutive experimental trials, oysters (n = 4) wired with Hall Effect biosensors (that measured valve gaping at one-second intervals) were exposed for 10 days at six different pCO2 treatments spanning a range currently observed in nearshore coastal regions, and predicted under near-future ocean acidification. After the 10-day acclimation period, oysters from each pCO2 treatment were exposed to a 3-h heat shock assay (11-12 to 30 °C) and valve gaping activity was monitored continuously. During the heat shock assays, valve gaping activity increased with increasing temperature and then ceased when temperature was reduced back to 11-12 °C; however, these valve gaping rate increases during heat shock were not characteristic of overly-stressed oysters. Exposure to elevated pCO2 had no effect on the valve gaping response of oysters to acute heat shock. Our results suggest that the valve gaping responses of adult eastern oysters to acute temperature increases are unaffected by short-term elevations in seawater pCO2. Future studies incorporating the roles of local adaptation, food availability, and direct functional consequences of valve gaping (e.g. physiological rates, predator avoidance, response to environmental toxins) are warranted.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyll a; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Day of experiment; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gape opening; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in hours; Trait; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27177 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Influence of sediment acidification and water flow on sediment acceptance and dispersal of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria L.) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Clements, Jeff C; Hunt, Heather L (2014): Influence of sediment acidification and water flow on sediment acceptance and dispersal of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 453, 62-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.01.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Although ocean acidification is expected to reduce carbonate saturation and yield negative impacts on open-ocean calcifying organisms in the near future, acidification in coastal ecosystems may already be affecting these organisms. Few studies have addressed the effects of sedimentary saturation state on benthic invertebrates. Here, we investigate whether sedimentary aragonite saturation (Omega aragonite) and proton concentration ([H+]) affect burrowing and dispersal rates of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) in a laboratory flume experiment. Two size classes of juvenile clams (0.5-1.5 mm and 1.51-2.5 mm) were subjected to a range of sediment Omega aragonite and [H+] conditions within the range of typical estuarine sediments (Omega aragonite 0.21-1.87; pH 6.8-7.8; [H+] 1.58 × 10**-8-1.51 × 10**- 7) by the addition of varying amounts of CO2, while overlying water pH was kept constant ~ 7.8 (Omega aragonite ~ 1.97). There was a significant positive relationship between the percent of juvenile clams burrowed in still water and Omega aragonite and a significant negative relationship between burrowing and [H+]. Clams were subsequently exposed to one of two different flow conditions (flume; 11 cm/s and 23 cm/s) and there was a significant negative relationship between Omega aragonite and dispersal, regardless of clam size class and flow speed. No apparent relationship was evident between dispersal and [H+]. The results of this study suggest that sediment acidification may play an important role in soft-shell clam recruitment and dispersal. When assessing the impacts of open-ocean and coastal acidification on infaunal organisms, future studies should address the effects of sediment acidification to adequately understand how calcifying organisms may be affected by shifting pH conditions.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Flow speed; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Little_Lepreau; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Mollusca; Mya arenaria; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Size; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 800 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and reproductive development,larval survival and larval size of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: In North America, studies regarding effects of CO2-induced low pH in bivalve aquaculture are largely restricted to the US Pacific coast. Studies on species from the northwest Atlantic are lacking. Furthermore, information on the roles of intergenerational exposure and biological sex in bivalve responses to low pH, particularly in an aquaculture-specific context, is scant. We tested if short-term (1 month) exposure to CO2-induced reductions in pHNBS affected the reproductive development of male and female eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during hatchery-specific reproductive conditioning and whether maternal and/or paternal exposure influenced larval responses. Reduced pH (7.5–7.7) increased the rate of reproductive development in both males and females. There was no indication of intergenerational effects; adult pH conditions did not affect early larval development. In contrast, low pH conditions experienced by gametes during spawning, fertilization, and embryo incubation (48 h) resulted in higher larval survival (+6–8% from control), reduced shell height (−2 to 3 µm), and increased deformities (abnormal shell shape; +3–5%). We suggest that local adaptation to acidic land runoff may account for the positive effects of low pH observed in this study. Bioeconomic assessments are now needed to understand the implications of reduced pH on aquaculture operations in these regions of Atlantic Canada.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Comment; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Day of experiment; Development; Female; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Group; Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Individuals; Laboratory experiment; Larvae; Male; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Number; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Proportion; Registration number of species; Replicate; Reproduction; Saint_Simon_Bay; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Sex; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16890 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and behavioural responses to predators in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification is expected to affect marine organisms in the near future. Furthermore, abrupt short-term fluctuations in seawater pCO2 characteristic of near-short coastal regions and high-density aquaculture sites currently have the potential to influence organismal and community functioning by altering animal behaviour. While anti-predator responses in fishes exposed to elevated pCO2 are well documented, such responses in benthic marine invertebrates are poorly studied. We used high frequency, non-invasive biosensors to test whether or not short term (3-week) exposure to elevated pCO2 could impact behavioural responses to the threat of predation in adult Mediterranean mussels from Galicia on the northwestern coast of Spain. Predator alarm cues (crushed conspecifics) resulted in a prolonged (1 h) reduction in the degree of valve opening (−20%) but had no clear effect on overall valve movement activity, while elevated pCO2 did not affect either response. Our results add to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that the effects of end-of-century pCO2 levels on marine animal behaviour are likely weak. Nonetheless, longer-term exposures spanning multiple generations are needed to better understand how ocean acidification might impact behavioural responses to predation in marine bivalves.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Coast and continental shelf; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus galloprovincialis; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Spectrophotometric; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in minutes; Time point, descriptive; Treatment; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 36750 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and individual time to open of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis * trossulus) (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Startle response behaviours are important in predator avoidance and escape for a wide array of animals. For many marine invertebrates, however, startle response behaviours are understudied, and the effects of global change stressors on these responses are unknown. We exposed two size classes of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis * trossulus) to different combinations of temperature (15 and 19 °C) and pH (8.2 and 7.5 pHT) for 3 months and subsequently measured individual time to open following a tactile predator cue (i.e. startle response time) over a series of four consecutive trials. Time to open was highly repeatable in the short term and decreased linearly across the four trials. Individuals from the larger size class had a shorter time to open than their smaller-sized counterparts. High temperature increased time to open compared to low temperature, while pH had no effect. These results suggest that bivalve time to open is repeatable, related to relative vulnerability to predation and affected by temperature. Given that increased closure times impact feeding and respiration, the effect of temperature on closure duration may play a role in the sensitivity to ocean warming in this species and contribute to ecosystem level effects.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Coast and continental shelf; Coefficient of variation; Comment; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Growth/Morphology; Identification; KMRIC; Laboratory experiment; Length; Mollusca; Mytilus trossulus; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Size; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time, standard deviation; Time, standard error; Time in seconds; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6493 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Eating in an acidifying ocean: a quantitative review of elevated CO2 effects on the feeding rates of calcifying marine invertebrates (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
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    CO2-induced low pH in an eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hatchery positively affects reproductive development and larval survival but negatively affects larval shape and size, with no intergenerational linkages (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-25
    Description: In North America, studies regarding effects of CO2-induced low pH in bivalve aquaculture are largely restricted to the US Pacific coast. Studies on species from the northwest Atlantic are lacking. Furthermore, information on the roles of intergenerational exposure and biological sex in bivalve responses to low pH, particularly in an aquaculture-specific context, is scant. We tested if short-term (1 month) exposure to CO2-induced reductions in pHNBS affected the reproductive development of male and female eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during hatchery-specific reproductive conditioning and whether maternal and/or paternal exposure influenced larval responses. Reduced pH (7.5–7.7) increased the rate of reproductive development in both males and females. There was no indication of intergenerational effects; adult pH conditions did not affect early larval development. In contrast, low pH conditions experienced by gametes during spawning, fertilization, and embryo incubation (48 h) resulted in higher larval survival (+6–8% from control), reduced shell height (−2 to 3 µm), and increased deformities (abnormal shell shape; +3–5%). We suggest that local adaptation to acidic land runoff may account for the positive effects of low pH observed in this study. Bioeconomic assessments are now needed to understand the implications of reduced pH on aquaculture operations in these regions of Atlantic Canada.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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  • 9
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    Testing for Sediment Acidification Effects on Within-Season Variability in Juvenile Soft-Shell Clam (Mya arenaria) Abundance on the Northern Shore of the Bay of Fundy (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-21
    Print ISSN: 1559-2723
    Electronic ISSN: 1559-2731
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Elevated temperature has adverse effects on GABA-mediated avoidance behaviour to sediment acidification in a wide-ranging marine bivalve (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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