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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of xylem vessel contents in woody lianas (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous reports suggest that in some plant species the refilling of embolized xylem vessels can occur while negative pressure exists in the xylem. The aim of this experiment was to use non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the dynamics of xylem cavitation and embolism repair in-vivo. Serial 1H-MRI was used to monitor the contents of xylem vessels in stems of two dicotyledonous (Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis, kiwifruit) and one monocotyledonous (Ripogonum scandens, supplejack) species of woody liana. The configuration of the horizontal wide bore magnet and probe allowed the imaging of woody stems up to 20 mm in diameter. Tests using excised stems confirmed that the image resolution of 78 µm and digital image subtraction could be used to detect the emptying and refilling of individual vessels. Imaging was conducted on both intact plants and excised shoots connected to a water supply. In the case of Ripogonum the excised shoots were long enough to allow the distal end of the shoot, including all leaves, to be exposed to ambient conditions outside the building while the proximal end was inside the MRI magnet. In total, six stems were monitored for 240 h while the shoots were subjected to treatments that included light and dark periods, water stress followed by re-watering, and the covering of all leaves to prevent transpiration. The sudden emptying of water-filled vessels occurred frequently while xylem water potential was low (below −0.5 MPa for Actinidia, −1.0 MPa for Ripogonum), and less frequently after xylem water potential approached zero at the end of water-stress treatments. No refilling of empty vessels was observed at any time in any of the species examined. It is concluded that embolism repair under negative pressure does not occur in the species examined here. Embolism repair may be more likely in species with narrower xylem vessels, but further experiments are required with other species before it can be concluded that repair during transpiration is a widespread phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01042.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dodecamolybdophosphoric acid circa 30-hydrate (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 1545-1547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740876005748
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium deficiency of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinidia deliciosa ; foliar analysis ; kiwifruit ; magnesium deficiency ; mineral nutrition ; postharvest fruit storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Magnesium deficiency was associated with large yield reductions in a five-year-old commercial kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) orchard. The effect on yield resulted primarily from a reduction in fruit numbers, there being no difference in mean fruit weight between fruit harvested from affected and unaffected vines. Magnesium deficiency had no deleterious effect on postharvest storage characteristics of fruit stored at 0.5–1°C for 18 weeks; fruit from deficient vines were firmer but had slightly lower soluble solids than fruit from control vines. Although deficiency symptoms were first observed on the basal leaves of the non-fruiting shoots mid season, indications of the impending deficiency could be established very early in the season using foliar analysis. Magnesium concentrations in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) on the affected vines were less than 2.0 g kg−1 DM four weeks after budbreak and remained below this value for the rest of the season; concentrations in YFEL on unaffected vines did not decrease below this value and gradually increased after fruitset to 4.5 g kg−1 DM at harvest. To avert potential production losses, it is suggested that soluble magnesium fertilizers (containing at least 200 kg ha−1 Mg) should be broadcast early in the season if foliar magnesium concentrations less than 2.0 gkg−1 DM are measured four–six weeks after budbreak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372543
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  • 4
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    H-ATLAS/GAMA: quantifying the morphological evolution of the galaxy population using cosmic calorimetry (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Using results from the Herschel Astrophysical Terrahertz Large-Area Survey (H-ATLAS) and the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) project, we show that, for galaxy masses above ~= 10 8 M , 51 per cent of the stellar mass-density in the local Universe is in early-type galaxies (ETGs; Sérsic n  〉 2.5) while 89 per cent of the rate of production of stellar mass-density is occurring in late-type galaxies (LTGs; Sérsic n  〈 2.5). From this zero-redshift benchmark, we have used a calorimetric technique to quantify the importance of the morphological transformation of galaxies over the history of the Universe. The extragalactic background radiation contains all the energy generated by nuclear fusion in stars since the big bang. By resolving this background radiation into individual galaxies using the deepest far-infrared survey with the Herschel Space Observatory and a deep near-infrared/optical survey with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ), and using measurements of the Sérsic index of these galaxies derived from the HST images, we estimate that ~=83 per cent of the stellar mass-density formed over the history of the Universe occurred in LTGs. The difference between this value and the fraction of the stellar mass-density that is in LTGs today implies there must have been a major transformation of LTGs into ETGs after the formation of most of the stars.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Herschel-ATLAS: the surprising diversity of dust-selected galaxies in the local submillimetre Universe (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-05
    Description: We present the properties of the first 250 μm blind sample of nearby galaxies (15 〈  D  〈 46 Mpc) containing 42 objects from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. Herschel's sensitivity probes the faint end of the dust luminosity function for the first time, spanning a range of stellar mass (7.4 〈  M *  〈 11.3 log 10 M ), star formation activity (–11.8 〈  SSFR  〈 –8.9 log 10 yr –1 ), gas fraction (3–96 per cent), and colour (0.6 〈 FUV– K S  〈 7.0 mag). The median cold dust temperature is 14.6 K, colder than in the Herschel Reference Survey (18.5 K) and Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (17.7 K). The mean dust-to-stellar mass ratio in our sample is higher than these surveys by factors of 3.7 and 1.8, with a dust mass volume density of (3.7 ± 0.7)  x  10 5 M Mpc –3 . Counter-intuitively, we find that the more dust rich a galaxy, the lower its UV attenuation. Over half of our dust-selected sample are very blue in FUV– K S colour, with irregular and/or highly flocculent morphology; these galaxies account for only 6 per cent of the sample's stellar mass but contain over 35 per cent of the dust mass. They are the most actively star-forming galaxies in the sample, with the highest gas fractions and lowest UV attenuation. They also appear to be in an early stage of converting their gas into stars, providing valuable insights into the chemical evolution of young galaxies.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Capturing long range correlations in two-dimensional quantum lattice systems using correlator product states (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-11
    Description: Author(s): S. Al-Assam, S. R. Clark, C. J. Foot, and D. Jaksch [Phys. Rev. B 84, 205108] Published Thu Nov 10, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    H-ATLAS: estimating redshifts of Herschel sources from sub-mm fluxes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: Upon its completion, the Herschel Astrophysics Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) will be the largest sub-millimetre survey to date, detecting close to half-a-million sources. It will only be possible to measure spectroscopic redshifts for a small fraction of these sources. However, if the rest-frame spectral energy distribution (SED) of a typical H-ATLAS source is known, this SED and the observed Herschel fluxes can be used to estimate the redshifts of the H-ATLAS sources without spectroscopic redshifts. In this paper, we use a sub-set of 40 H-ATLAS sources with previously measured redshifts in the range 0.5 〈  z  〈 4.2 to derive a suitable average template for high-redshift H-ATLAS sources. We find that a template with two dust components ( T c = 23.9 K, T h = 46.9 K and ratio of mass of cold dust to mass of warm dust of 30.1) provides a good fit to the rest-frame fluxes of the sources in our calibration sample. We use a jackknife technique to estimate the accuracy of the redshifts estimated with this template, finding a root mean square of z /(1 +  z ) = 0.26. For sources for which there is prior information that they lie at z  〉 1, we estimate that the rms of z /(1 +  z ) = 0.12. We have used this template to estimate the redshift distribution for the sources detected in the H-ATLAS equatorial fields, finding a bimodal distribution with a mean redshift of 1.2, 1.9 and 2.5 for 250, 350 and 500 μm selected sources, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Herschel-ATLAS: properties of dusty massive galaxies at low and high redshifts (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-06
    Description: We present a comparison of the physical properties of a rest-frame 250-μm-selected sample of massive, dusty galaxies from 0 〈 z  〈 5.3. Our sample comprises 29 high-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) from the literature and 843 dusty galaxies at z  〈 0.5 from the Herschel -Astrophysical TeraHertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), selected to have a similar stellar mass to the SMGs. The z  〉 1 SMGs have an average star formation rate (SFR) of $390^{+80}_{-70}\,$  M  yr –1 , which is 120 times that of the low-redshift sample matched in stellar mass to the SMGs (SFR = 3.3 ± 0.2 M  yr –1 ). The SMGs harbour a substantial mass of dust ( $1.2^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\times {10}^9\,$  M ), compared to (1.6 ± 0.1) 10 8  M for low-redshift dusty galaxies. At low redshifts, the dust luminosity is dominated by the diffuse interstellar medium, whereas a large fraction of the dust luminosity in SMGs originates from star-forming regions. At the same dust mass, SMGs are offset towards a higher SFR compared to the low-redshift H-ATLAS galaxies. This is not only due to the higher gas fraction in SMGs but also because they are undergoing a more efficient mode of star formation, which is consistent with their bursty star formation histories. The offset in SFR between SMGs and low-redshift galaxies is similar to that found in CO studies, suggesting that dust mass is as good a tracer of molecular gas as CO.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    An empirical determination of the dust mass absorption coefficient, {kappa}d, using the Herschel Reference Survey (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: We use the published photometry and spectroscopy of 22 galaxies in the Herschel Reference Survey to determine that the value of the dust mass absorption coefficient d at a wavelength of 500 μm is $\kappa _{500} = 0.051^{+0.070}_{-0.026}\,{\rm m^{2}\,kg^{-1}}$ . We do so by taking advantage of the fact that the dust-to-metals ratio in the interstellar medium of galaxies appears to be constant. We argue that our value for d supersedes that of James et al. – who pioneered this approach for determining d – because we take advantage of superior data, and account for a number of significant systematic effects that they did not consider. We comprehensively incorporate all methodological and observational contributions to establish the uncertainty on our value, which represents a marked improvement on the oft-quoted ‘order-of-magnitude’ uncertainty on d . We find no evidence that the value of d differs significantly between galaxies, or that it correlates with any other measured or derived galaxy properties. We note, however, that the availability of data limits our sample to relatively massive (10 9.7  〈  M *  〈 10 11.0 M ), high metallicity (8.61 〈  $[ 12 + {\rm log}_{10} \frac{\rm O}{\rm H} ]$  〈 8.86) galaxies; future work will allow us to investigate a wider range of systems.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Mining the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey: submillimetre-selected blazars in equatorial fields (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: The Herschel -Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) provides an unprecedented opportunity to search for blazars at sub-mm wavelengths. We cross-matched the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) radio source catalogue with the 11 655 sources brighter than 35 mJy at 500 μm in the ~135 deg 2 of the sky covered by the H-ATLAS equatorial fields at 9 h and 15 h , plus half of the field at 12 h . We found that 379 of the H-ATLAS sources have a FIRST counterpart within 10 arcsec, including eight catalogued blazars (plus one known blazar that was found at the edge of one of the H-ATLAS maps). To search for additional blazar candidates we have devised new diagnostic diagrams and found that known blazars occupy a region of the log ( S 500 μm / S 350 μm ) versus log ( S 500 μm / S 1.4 GHz ) plane separated from that of sub-mm sources with radio emission powered by star formation, but shared with radio galaxies and steep-spectrum radio quasars. Using this diagnostic we have selected 12 further possible candidates that turn out to be scattered in the ( r  – z ) versus ( u  – r ) plane or in the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer colour–colour diagram, where known blazars are concentrated in well defined strips. This suggests that the majority of them are not blazars. Based on an inspection of all the available photometric data, including unpublished VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey photometry and new radio observations, we found that the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of only one out of the 12 newly selected sources are compatible with being synchrotron dominated at least up to 500 μm, i.e. with being a blazar. Another object may consist of a faint blazar nucleus inside a bright star-forming galaxy. The possibility that some blazar hosts are endowed with active star formation is supported by our analysis of the SEDs of Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue blazars detected at both 545 and 857 GHz. The estimated rest-frame synchrotron peak frequencies of H-ATLAS blazars are in the range 11.5 ≤ log ( peak, Hz ) ≤ 13.7, implying that these objects are low synchrotron peak. Six of them also show evidence of an ultraviolet excess that can be attributed to emission from the accretion disc. Allowing for the possibility of misidentifications and of contamination of the 500 μm flux density by the dusty torus or by the host galaxy, we estimate that there are seven or eight pure synchrotron sources brighter than S 500 μm = 35 mJy over the studied area, a result that sets important constraints on blazar evolutionary models.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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