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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a resistant spherical packing for service in nitrogen at 1650°C (1989)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 30 (1989), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions The action of scale on periclase, spinel, corundum, periclase-chromite, and chromite-periclase specimens (production and laboratory) at 1650°C in commercially pure nitrogen was investigated. A method was developed for production of periclase, spinel (aluminomagnesia), and periclase-chromite spherical packings by the pelletizing method. It was shown that pelletizing of fused periclase and of mixtures based on it is possible only with the addition during vibrogrinding of a surface-active hydroxylated alcohol-base alkyl phosphate paste in a quantity of 0.1% and alternate moistening of the powder being pelletized with a suspension of glycerine residue in silica sol and a solution of lignosulfonate and methyl cellulose. Tests were made of the action of scale on pellets of all of the compositions at 1650°C in commercially pure nitrogen under load and without load. The preferable spherical packing materials for service under such conditions are periclase with a density of not less than 3.12 g/cm3, corundum with zero porosity, and spinel of stoichiometric composition with a density of not less than 3.36 g/cm3. In addition, the use of periclase-chromite with a density of not less than 3.32 g/cm3 is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01326649
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulation of particulate oxide materials (1989)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 30 (1989), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions The improved technology for granulating particulate oxide materials using the grains of inoculator seeds makes it possible to reduce the period of granulation and to increase the yield of the final granules. The waste products obtained during production of flaky (platelike) corundum can be used as the inoculator grains. In order to obtain granules having an ellipticity not exceeding 0.5–0.7 mm, the optimum size of the inoculator grains is 1–2 mm. The inoculator grains obtained from the low-fired (undersintered) material has advantages over the densely sintered materials from the standpoint of improved internal structure of the granules. We established the optimum quantity of the inoculator grains for obtaining granules measuring (20±3) mm in diameter using a granulator having a diameter of 1000 mm with minimum irretrievable waste products during the initial period of granulation. We studied the growth kinetics during seedless granulation and during granulation with an inoculator. It was shown that densification of the granules occurs during granulation. We determined the main physical and mechanical properties of the granules obtained by granulating on the inoculator grains and by seedless granulation and established the optimum composition of the binding solution (binder) incorporating a phosphate-containing component as strengthening agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the properties of refractory powders on their granulation and the properties of the granules (1985)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 26 (1985), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions A study was made of the properties of aluminosilicate powders of various compositions and their influence on the densification during granulation. We established relationships between the porosity and density of the granules with various concentrations of Al2O3 with bulk densities and angles of natural slope. It is shown that to obtain dense and strong green articles and fired aluminosilicate granules with the minimum shrinkage, it is necessary to use bodies with a high bulk density and low internal friction, which is attained for alumina by using batches with the maximum concentration of α-Al2O3 and grains with a pore-free structure, and for aluminosilicate refractories — an increased content of Al2O3 within the limits of each type of article.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01399775
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulation of refractory oxides and the properties of the granules produced (1980)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 21 (1980), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions The process of granulation of alumina and ZrO2 powders in a bowl-type granulator has been studied. High-density, 23–25-mm diameter granules with a maximum spread along three mutually perpendicular diameters of ≤1 mm have been obtained. The destructive load on a single fired granule is 〉10,000 N; the temperature of the beginning of deformation under a load of 0.2 MPa for alumina granules with an open porosity 〈10% is greater than 1720°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386865
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameters of corundum spheres for packing high-temperature air heaters (1989)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 30 (1989), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions Parameters have been defined that need to be considered in choosing compositions and manufacturing techniques for spheres for packing high-temperature heaters. Tests have been made on the failure load, temperature for the start of deformation under load, creep strain under load, and strength reduction on thermal shock for these corundum spheres. The parameters have been determined for spheres with various compositions and made in various ways; they can be related to the porosity and crystal size. The creep varies from 0.6 to 5.2% at loads of 30 and 50 N in 10 h between 1300 and 1600°C. Shrinkage occurs on heating above the firing temperature, which attains 2.8% at 1950°C. The strength reduction after thermal shock is about 0.1%/°C. Defects also affect the deformability and strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01326650
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of production of granulated corundum spherical checkers for high-temperature hot-blast stoves (1990)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 31 (1990), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions An earlier developed method of production of corundum spherical checkers by granulation has been introduced in Belokamensk, Krasnogorovka, and Kazakh Refractory Plants. The production features of the production of corundum spherical checkers with the use of different types of grinding, forming, and kiln equipment were revealed. The unsuitability of the existing shaft kiln for firing of corundum spherical checkers as the result of nonuniform temperature distribution in the firing zone was established. Tunnel kilns (with mechanization of loading of the granules on the cars and unloading of them) are promising equipment for firing of the checkers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zirconia-base ceramics for drawing tools (1996)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 37 (1996), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Results of an investigation and fabrication of a ceramic drawing tool based on zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide and the combined stabilizing additives Y2O3 + CeO2 and Y2O3 + MgO, which increase the heat resistance of the materials, are presented. The developed ceramics based on ZrO2 and stabilized by 2% Y2O3 by chemical coprecipitation with a CeO2 additive has the following parameters: an open porosity of 2.1%, an apparent density of 5.60 g/cm3, an ultimate bending strength of 450 MPa. In a ceramic based on ZrO2 and stabilized by 5% Y2O3 by the method of ceramic sintering the corresponding parameters are 3%, 5.62 g/cm3, and 271 MPa. An experimental batch of zirconia drawing matrices has been produced and tested in tube drawing. Mandrel-free drawing of tubes made of stainless steel of grades 08Kh18N10, 12Kh18N10T, and ÉI702, copper of grade M1, and titanium alloy of grade VT1-0 and long-mandrel drawing of steel of grade 12Kh18N10T occurred stably and without sticking of the metal to the die or any damage to the tubes or dies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02307360
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of additives and compound preparation on the granulation and properties of corundum and zirconia pellets (1983)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 24 (1983), S. 124-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions A study was made of the effect of additives and methods of incorporation on the process of granulating corundum and zirconia. Compositions were developed for granulating these materials ensuring the maximum strength of the granules. The optimum is an addition of anioactive surfactive agent based on methacrylic acid in amounts of 0.1% (dry substance). It is shown that the formation of strong granules of zirconia with the minimum deviation from sphericity can be obtained by using a body that is first moistened to a 4.5–5%. The body is subjected to a triple passage through the mill depending on the size and residual moisture content of the stabilizing additive in the form of chalk. An increase in the chalk addition reduces the density and strength of the granules of zirconia. The optimum amount of chalk additive is 4.5–5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386786
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the method of producing zirconium dioxide based ceramics on their mechanical strength (1990)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 31 (1990), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282777
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramics based on partially stabilized zirconium dioxide (1990)
    Springer
    Refractories and industrial ceramics 31 (1990), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281649
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