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  • 1
    Call number: SR 96.0498(264)
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 30 S.
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 264
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: ZSP-686-264
    In: Report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 30 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 0937-1060
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 264
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The apparent paradox posed by the synchronization of mating displays by males competing to attract females has provoked considerable interest among evolutionary biologists,. Such synchronized sexual signalling has only been documented for communicationusing light flashes (bioluminescence) or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 325-325 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The temperature of the global atmosphere, particularly the lower troposphere (the lowest 7 km), is expected to rise because concentrations of gases such as carbon dioxide are increasing. Sophisticated yet still relatively idealized ocean-atmosphere models indicate that the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We believe that lower-tropospheric temperatures measured directly by satellites have excellent long-term accuracy, as seen by comparisons with independent atmospheric measurements from weather balloons. Our results contradict indirect measurements by Hurrell and Trenberth who claimed that the ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Hoplonemertean ; fiddler crab ; predatory behavior ; anti-predator defenses ; intertidal ; Panama
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We saw 79 predatory interactions between a new speciesof monostiliferous, suctorial hoplonemertean and thefiddler crabs Uca musica (77 cases) and U.stenodactylus (2 cases). At an intertidal sand barin the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, worms ateabout 0.1% of the adult crab population per day. Themode of attack and the spatial and temporaldistributions of interactions suggest the worm is anambush predator. When struck by a worm‘s sticky,mucous-covered proboscis, crabs produced copious foamfrom their buccal area. Mucous-laden crabs thatescaped, again foamed indicating that the foam maycounteract the mucus. If the attack led to a kill,the struggling crab soon became quiescent, as istypical in other nemertean-prey interactions. Theworm inverted its proboscis, found ingress to thecrab‘s body and fed. Crabs escaped by autotomizingappendages entwined by the proboscis, by forcefullypulling away and by remaining quiescent, then movingaway when the worm inverted its proboscis and beforeit entered the crab. Immobility, a response to visualpredators, may falsely indicate paralysis to the wormand cause it to invert its proboscis, therebyproviding the crab with an opportunity to escape. This predator-prey interaction seems to incorporategeneralized predator tactics and fortuitous preydefenses that give worms and crabs about an evenchance of success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 30 (1995), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 31 (1995), S. 455-474 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three published data sets of upper-air global temperatures, two from radiosondes and one from satellites, are examined and compared for the lower stratosphere and troposphere. The global lower stratosphere exhibits a downward trend for the past 16+ years of -0.53 °C (-0.33 °C per decade). Since the 1960's (using radiosondes before 1979 which are subject to known and unknown inhomogeneities) it is likely that there has been a downward trend of about the same magnitude. Significant issues of the stratospheric radiosonde data are: (1) that the long-term time series is biased toward spurious cooling; and (2) the earliest years of Angell display unrealistic variability. Inhomogeneities in satellite data due to orbit drifting and instrument calibration are examined. The tropospheric temperature has shown a downward trend of -0.11 °C since 1979 (-0.07 °C per decade). Beginning in earlier years, (relying only on radiosonde data before 1979) the estimated warming trend since the late 1950's is +0.07 to +0.11 °C per decade. Tropospheric and surface temperature anomalies are compared. There is concern that the disproportionate representation of extratropical continents, with their high temperature variance, may bias any long term ‘global’ surface trend toward a maximum-possible value than would be calculated had all regions (including those with much lower responsiveness) been monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The potential for residual hydrometeor contamination effects in the global temperature time series produced by Spencer and Christy from MSU channel 2 (MSU2) data has been addressed by Prabhakara et al. (1995, 1996). They use tropical oceanic MSU channel l (MSU1) data to estimate the hydrometeor effects on MSU2. We present several lines of evidence to show that their technique greatly overestimates the hydrometeor effects on MSU2. This overestimation is due to the faulty assumption that the hydrometeors that cause MSU1 warming are the same as (or always exist with) the hydrometeors that cause cooling in MSU2. Instead, the hydrometeors responsible for MSU1 warming are liquid phase, while those responsible for MSU2 cooling are large ice particles. Because liquid phase clouds are much more widespread than the large-ice portions of deep convective systems, their method greatly overestimates the areal coverage of contaminated tropical MSU2 data. In addition, we show that the convective screening procedure of Spencer and Christy removes the negative correlation between MSU1 and MSU2 their conclusions rest upon. Radiosonde validation of monthly tropical MSU2 anomalies over the tropical West Pacific also support these conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 12 (1983), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mating preferences of individual females and mating patterns among marked crabs were studied during the summers of 1973–1976 on sand beaches in mangrove habitat on the west coast of Florida in order to determine if females choose mates indirectly on the basis of the quality of a resource males defend and females use during breeding, directly on the basis of male size, or both. Twice each lunar month for periods of 6–8 days when females are sexually receptive, mature males of all sizes fight for, court from and defend supratidal burrows in which females mate, oviposit and reside for about, 2 weeks while incubating their eggs. Large males win fights with small males, tend to court from burrows located higher on the beach than the burrows of small males and mate more often than small males. Males are sequentially polygynous and may mate with up to 3 females at a single burrow during each semilunar breeding period. Male and female sizes were positively correlated in 85 mated pairs because large females can not enter the burrows of small males. However, there were no significant differences among the sizes of the females who mated with males in 5 size classes (13.0–15.5 mm carapace length). Receptive females spent about 9.5 min sampling 1–12 males and burrows before choosing their mates. Most females began sampling soon after high tide, though some fed first in the lower intertidal zone. Individual females neither chose larger males or higher burrows among those they sampled nor did they move so as to encounter sequentially larger males or higher burrows. During periods with low tides, males of all sizes courted from burrows located at all positions on the elevation gradient and females chose neither significantly higher burrows nor significantly larger males. During periods with high tides, large males courted from, and females mated in high burrows. Choice of high burrows did not, however, result in choice of larger males considering either all those on the beach or only those at preferred up-beach locations. Most females mated in burrows that were high enough to escape structural collapse due to tidal inundation or flooding by a tidally driven rise in groundwater. The effects of burrow flooding and collapse on female breeding success may select for choice of stable burrows. Females probably choose stable burrows by assessing directly features of burrows themselves. Burrows appear to be a resource for females and their quality as breeding sites probably is determined largely by their structural integrity. Costs associated with the sampling behavior necessary for females to choose both a stable burrow and a large male may be sufficiently great to limit choice to burrow quality alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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