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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 1386-1390 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 97 (1975), S. 3864-3865 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 446-451 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 72 (1968), S. 2465-2468 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Solubilization ; surfactant activity ; dialysis ; surfactant thermodynamics ; semi-equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interpretation of intramicellar solubilization data obtained from semi-equilibrium dialysis (SED) experiments is described, and methods are presented for determining equilibrium constants for the solubilization of organic species by aqueous surfactant solutions as well as activity coefficients of both the organic solute and the surfactant within the micelle. The solubilization equilibrium constant of an organic solute in an aqueous micellar solution (K) is defined as the ratio of the mole fraction of organic solute in the micellar “pseudophase” (X) to the concentration of the unsolubilized monomeric organic solute in the aqueous phase (c 0). Expressions compatible with the Gibbs-Duhem equation are used to represent the concentration dependence of activity coefficients of both the solubilizate and surfactant in the micellar pseudophase; the analysis leads to calculated values of the concentrations of free and intramicellar surfactant and organic solute in both compartments of the equilibrium dialysis cell. Solubilization equilibrium constants for many amphiphiles are well correlated by the simple expressionK=K 0(1-BX)2, whereB is an empirical constant andK 0 is the limiting value ofK asX approaches 0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration can be used to remove multivalent anions or cations from aqueous streams. In the removal of chromate ions (CrO42-), the cationic surfactant hexadecylpyridinium chloride is added to the solution, and the chromate ions preferentially adsorb at the surface of the highly charged surfactant micelles. The solution is processed by ultrafiltration, using a membrane with pore sizes small enough to block the passage of the micelles and adsorbed ions. The permeate solution has a chromate concentration less than 0.1% that in the original stream. A new equilibrium model, combining the simple two-phase polyelectrolyte theory of Oosawa with thermodynamic activity, material-balance, and charge-balance equations, successfully correlates ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis results for chromate solutions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 8 (1984), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Fire Precautions Act 1971, in contrast with previous legislation, is directed exclusively to the provision of fire precautions in buildings after occupation. The system of control is by fire certificate and can be applied to a class of premise (listed in Section 1) by means of a designating order. In the case of any particular use of premise, the Secretary of State, under Section 12, may by Regulation, make provision as to precautions which are to be taken in relation to the risk to persons in case of fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 4 (1980), S. 28-36 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper deals with legislation enacted in the United Kingdom for the control of the hazard form fire in buildings of public resort such as hotels, boarding houses, factories, offices and shops as well as domestic dwellings. It gives background to why the various Acts were deemed necessary, why subsequent Regulations under the Acts were introduced, an impression on the effect their enforcement has had and an introduction into what is envisaged for the future. The legislation is not the product of any one Government department nor is it enforced by any single agency. Much of it is enforced by local authority fire brigade fire prevention departments and other sections by local authority Building Control Officers. It is the view of the author that more controls are required by way of Regulations and that certain of the Regulations at present in force are in need of revision. Included in the paper are tables of the latest statistics available (1976) together with other data, previously unpublished, which in the author's opinion justify his claim that more controls are needed. In the final part of the paper the author recommends most strongly that the gap in the present British Standard fire tests produced by the lack of an effective means of evaluating the smoke-producing qualities and the toxicity of the produced by the lack of an effective means of evaluating the smoke-producing qualities and the toxicity of the products of combustion of different materials should be urgently studied with an amended priority.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1065-1079 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of adenosine-14C to polyuridylic acid (poly(U)) and several modified poly(U)s has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. The poly(U) was modified by addition of appropriate reagents across the 5,6-double bond of the uracil ring to form the photohydrate, photodimer, dihydrouracil, the HOBr addition product and the HSO3- addition product. Modification of the uracil rings decreases the amount of adenosine which can be bound to the poly(U); the decrease in binding is a function of the fraction of uracil rings which have been changed. Using the expression S = S0(1 - αr)2 to relate the fraction of uracil rings modified (r) to the number of binding “sites” remaining (S), it is found that α is about 1 for all the modifications except photodimer where it is about 2. These observations are taken to mean that the loss of binding capacity of the poly(U) resulting from modifications of the uracil ring is caused by loss of planarity of the uracil rings caused by the modifications, and consequent loss of double helix structure, but that for all modifications except photodimer there is no disruption of the poly(U) double helix on either side of the leison. There does appear to be local melting on either side of the photodimer lesion. The sigmoidal binding isotherms (Ab versus Ca) of modified and unmodified poly(U) can be approximated closely by the following equation: (1)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \theta = \frac{{A_{\rm b} }}{S} = \frac{{(K_1 C_{\rm a} )^n \left[ {\frac{n}{{1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} }}} \right] + \frac{{K_1 C_{\rm a} }}{{(1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} )^2 }}}}{{1 + (K_1 C_{\rm a} )^n \left[ {\frac{n}{{1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} }}} \right] + \frac{{K_1 C_{\rm a} }}{{(1 - K_1 C_{\rm a} )^2 }}}} $$\end{document} (1) where Ab = bound A, Ca = free A, n = minimum number of adjacent A′s in complex, S = concentration of sites on poly(U), and K1 = (Km)1/m for all m ≥ n.The stacking energy of adenosine (w) can be calculated accurately using the following equation, where dθ/d ln Ca is obtained from Eq. (1). (2)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{d\theta } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{d\theta } d}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} d}\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm }\ln {\rm }C_{\rm a} {\rm } = {\rm }{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {re^{ - {w \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {w {2RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2RT}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {re^{ - {w \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {w {2RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2RT}}} }}12RT} & {at{\rm }\theta {\rm } = {\rm }0.5} \\\end{array} $$\end{document} (2) For unmodified poly(U), w is -2.0 kcal/mole and ΔG° (-;RT ln K1) is -3.2 kcal/mole. The difference (-1.2 kcal/mole) is attributed to hydrogen bonding. Heavily photohydrated poly(U) does not bind guanosine or guanosine-5′-phosphate.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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