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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2082-2094 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cascading polarization contributing to the femtosecond fifth- and seventh-order coherent Raman scattering processes is obtained in terms of the third- and fifth-order Raman response functions. It is found that four cascading processes contribute to the fifth-order Raman scattering signal. In the case of the seventh-order Raman scattering, there are 34 possible cascading processes contributing to the seventh-order Raman scattering signal, and they are classified as χ(5)×χ(3)- and χ(3)×χ(3)×χ(3)-types depending on the involved low-order nonlinear optical processes. Due to the complicated interference among these polarization fields, it may not be possible to experimentally measure the pure seventh-order Raman scattering signal without contamination from the cascaded contributions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10496-10509 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature-dependent first-order quantum correction contributions to the two-dimensional vibrational response functions, that are linearly proportional to (h-dash-bar), are theoretically investigated. By carrying out the semiclassical expansion of the nonlinear response function in the limit of weak anharmonicity of the potential-energy surface, seventy nine quantum correction terms are obtained. Although it is the cubic anharmonic couplings that were found to be important at the level of classical calculation of the associated nonlinear response functions, it is found that the quartic anharmonic terms can play a role as the quantum contributions. For a three-Brownian-oscillator model system, various numerical calculations of the 2D (two-dimensional) spectra are carried out to show how these quantum correction terms depend on temperature as well as on relative amplitudes of the quartic and cubic anharmonic coupling constants. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 8040-8047 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two novel two-dimensional vibrational-electronic spectroscopies are theoretically proposed. The first method uses electronically off-resonant fields to create a vibrational coherence state in the ground electronic state and then thus created transient grating is probed by using a time-delayed electronically resonant field. The second method is to use an infrared pulse to create a vibrational coherence state and an electronically two-photon resonant field is used to probe the IR-induced vibrational grating in time. These two methods are found to be useful in selectively studying vibronic coupling of the solvent intermolecular vibrational modes to the electronic transition of a chromophore dissolved in an isotropic medium. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 9982-9992 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The infrared optical Kerr effect (IR-OKE) and two-color infrared pump–probe spectroscopies, which can be directly used to study intermolecular vibrational energy relaxation pathways, are theoretically studied. The IR-OKE method involves an intense IR pulse with controlled frequency to build up large population on a specific intramolecular vibrationally excited state. After a finite mixing time, which is also experimentally controlled, the time evolution of the nonequilibrium density matrix is detected by using the femtosecond optical Kerr effect measurement. Due to the nonequilibrium population distribution initially induced by the intensive infrared pulse, the measured OKE signal differs from that measured for a molecular system initially in thermal equilibrium state. Particularly, it is found that the deviation from the harmonic response can be specifically measured by using this method. By following the same procedure developed in this paper, the two-color IR pump–probe absorption spectroscopy is also considered and the corresponding nonequilibrium IR response function is theoretically investigated with a direct comparison with complementary IR-OKE response function. By using the perturbation theory, the corresponding response functions are obtained in terms of the molecular properties such as linear and nonlinear spatial derivatives of dipole and polarizability and cubic and quartic anharmonic coefficients. Also, it is emphasized that this method is conceptually quite similar to the transient nuclear Overhauser effect nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9002-9014 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical description of the triply resonant (TR) infrared-infrared-visible sum frequency generation (IIV-SFG) is presented, which is an extension of the electronically off-resonant IIV-SFG to the case when the visible field is in resonance with the electronic transition. Since three injected field frequencies can be independently controlled, the measured susceptibility is a three-dimensional spectrum containing information on both the vibrational and vibronic couplings of a molecule in condensed phases. It is shown that the nonlinearities of the dipole moment in the ground electronic state with respect to vibrational coordinates can be separately measured by using the TR-IIV-SFG method. A series of numerical calculations of 2D vibrational and vibronic spectra for a model system are presented to show how the TR-IIV-SFG measurement can be of use in studying specific vibrational and vibronic coupling processes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9978-9985 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel two-dimensional (2D) vibrational spectroscopies that are suitable for the investigation of the vibrational couplings of adsorbed molecules on surfaces or at interfaces are theoretically proposed. Depending on the sequence of the IR, Raman, and hyper-Raman transitions involved, there are seven distinctive nonlinear response functions associated with various 2D surface vibrational spectroscopies, which are either three- or five-wave-mixing processes. It is suggested that these novel techniques can be used to obtain information on the nonlinear coordinate dependencies of the dipole moment, polarizability, and hyperpolarizability as well as on the anharmonic couplings between any two vibrational degrees of freedom of adsorbed molecules. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 4140-4147 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopic methods utilizing an infrared (IR) and two off-resonant optical pulses are theoretically studied. Unlike the coherent two-dimensional Raman or IR spectroscopies, the two successive vibrational coherence states are generated by an interaction with IR field as well as two interactions with off-resonant optical fields. Then, the emitted IR signal field is detected. The corresponding nonlinear response functions and their two-dimensional Fourier transforms are obtained in the analytical forms. It is shown that these methods are especially useful in studying the mode couplings and dynamics of only those vibrational modes that are both IR- and Raman active. A few numerically calculated 2D spectra are presented and compared with other types of coherent two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopies, such as coherent 2D Raman scattering or IR spectroscopies. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 5021-5036 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The three-dimensional (3D) vibrational spectroscopies are theoretically considered in terms of the associated nonlinear response functions. Since the 3D vibrational spectroscopy involves three vibrational coherence evolutions in the ground electronic state, it is found that there are eight distinctive possibilities when a vibrational coherence state can be created via an infrared field–matter interaction or two off-resonant optical field–matter interactions via Raman. The nonlinear response functions associated with eight distinctive 3D vibrational spectroscopies, where seven of them are novel methods, are presented and expressed in terms of the linear response functions by taking the lowest-order contributions. The analytic expressions of the 3D Fourier spectra are obtained. By using the results, how to utilize the 3D vibrational spectroscopic methods to measure the higher-order vibrational mode coupling arising from the anharmonicity of the multidimensional potential energy surface as well as from the nonlinearity of the dipole moment or polarizability with respect to the vibrational degrees of freedom is discussed. Numerical calculations of the results for a three-oscillator model system are presented, and a few characteristic peaks uniquely appearing in the 3D vibrational spectra are discussed in detail. Finally, the third-order nonlinear terms of dipole moment and polarizability are found to be of critical use in the structure determination, assuming that the collective dipole moment and polarizability is mainly determined by the dipole-induced–dipole interaction effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 1562-1570 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical description of the time-resolved infrared-visible sum-frequency-generation (IV-SFG) process when the incident infrared pulsed beam is either left- or right-circularly-polarized (CP) is presented. Even for isotropic chiral molecular liquids, the CP IV-SFG polarization does not vanish because the chiral component of the associated response function is nonzero due to the breakdown of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation as well as to the finite polarizability-electric-quadrupole response function, which is a fourth-rank tensor. For a specific perpendicular detection scheme, it is shown that the three different contributions, originated from (1) all-electric-dipole-allowed polarization, (2) polarizability-quadrupole-induced polarization, and (3) interference between the above two polarizations, to the CP IV-SFG signal can be sperately measured. Also, the circular intensity difference, which is the difference between the left-CP IV-SFG intensity and the right-CP IV-SFG intensity, is theoretically investigated and found to be solely determined by the interference between the all-electric-dipole-allowed polarization and the polarizability-quadrupole-induced polarization. Thus, it is shown that the time-resolved CP IV-SFG methods are useful for the investigation of the molecular chirality of liquids and vibrational optical activity. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 4424-4437 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical descriptions of the three-dimensional spectroscopies are presented in this paper by calculating the associated nonlinear response function. Previously, the harmonic approximation with the Wick's theorem was used to obtain theoretical expression of the three-dimensional vibrational response function, by treating the mechanical and electrical anharmonicities perturbatively. However, the bath-induced memory effect and anharmonicity-induced frequency shift were not correctly taken into account by the previous theory. By incorporating the system–bath interaction properly, the general nonlinear response functions for the three-dimensional vibrational, vibrational-electronic, or electronic spectroscopies are obtained and discussed in detail. By using the resultant nonlinear response function, two-color vibrational photon echo, three-dimensional sum- and difference-frequency generation spectroscopies, and two-color infrared pump–probe spectroscopy are theoretically proposed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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