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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval swimming speed, spawning and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Pecquet, Antoine; Dorey, Narimane; Chan, Kit Yu Karen (2017): Ocean acidification increases larval swimming speed and has limited effects on spawning and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(2), 903-910, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.057
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Few studies to date have investigated the effects of ocean acidification on non-reef forming marine invertebrates with non-feeding larvae. Here, we exposed adults of the bryozoan Bugula neritina and their larvae to lowered pH. We monitored spawning, larval swimming, settlement, and post-settlement individual sizes at two pHs (7.9 vs. 7.6) and settlement dynamics alone over a broader pH range (8.0 down to 6.5). Our results show that spawning was not affected by adult exposure (48 h at pH 7.6), larvae swam 32% faster and the newly-settled individuals grew significantly larger (5%) at pH 7.6 than in the control. Although larvae required more time to settle when pH was lowered, reduced pH was not lethal, even down to pH 6.5. Overall, this fouling species appeared to be robust to acidification, and yet, indirect effects such as prolonging the pelagic larval duration could increase predation risk, and might negatively impact population dynamics.
    Keywords: Animalia; Behaviour; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Brackish waters; Bryozoa; Bugula neritina; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Pelagos; Reproduction; Single species; Tropical; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina during acute exposure experiment (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Larvae; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Registration number of species; Replicate; Salinity; Settlement; Species; Temperature, water; Time in minutes; Treatment; Trio_Beach; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9477 data points
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  • 3
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and swimming speed of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina during acute exposure experiment (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; DATE/TIME; EXP; Experiment; File name; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Name; Number; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Replicate; Salinity; Species; Speed, swimming; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in seconds; Treatment; Trio_Beach; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3248 data points
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  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and post-settlement individual size of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina during acclimation experiment (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; DATE/TIME; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Size; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in hours; Treatment; Trio_Beach; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10944 data points
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  • 5
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina during acclimation experiment (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; DATE/TIME; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Larvae; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Settlement; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in minutes; Treatment; Trio_Beach; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4128 data points
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  • 6
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    Ocean acidification induces budding in larval sea urchins (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Chan, Kit Yu Karen; Grünbaum, Daniel; Arnberg, Maj; Thorndyke, Mike; Dupont, Sam (2012): Ocean acidification induces budding in larval sea urchins. Marine Biology, 160(8), 2129-2135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-2103-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA), the reduction of ocean pH due to hydration of atmospheric CO2, is known to affect growth and survival of marine invertebrate larvae. Survival and transport of vulnerable planktonic larval stages play important roles in determining population dynamics and community structures in coastal ecosystems. Here, we show that larvae of the purple urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, underwent high-frequency budding (release of blastula-like particles) when exposed to elevated pCO2 level (〉700 µatm). Budding was observed in 〉50 % of the population and was synchronized over short periods of time (~24 h), suggesting this phenomenon may be previously overlooked. Although budding can be a mechanism through which larval echinoids asexually reproduce, here, the released buds did not develop into viable clones. OA-induced budding and the associated reduction in larval size suggest new hypotheses regarding physiological and ecological tradeoffs between short-term benefits (e.g. metabolic savings and predation escape) and long-term costs (e.g. tissue loss and delayed development) in the face of climate change.
    Keywords: Age; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard error; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; ECO2; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Particle density, normalized; Particle density, standard error; Percentage; pH; pH, standard error; Potentiometric; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Species; Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus; Sub-seabed CO2 Storage: Impact on Marine Ecosystems; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2643 data points
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  • 7
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of sand dollars Dendraster excentricus during experiments, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Chan, Kit Yu Karen; Grünbaum, Daniel; O'Donnell, Michael J (2011): Effects of ocean-acidification-induced morphological changes on larval swimming and feeding. Journal of Experimental Biology, 214(22), 3857-3867, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.054809
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Reduction in global ocean pH due to the uptake of increased atmospheric CO2 is expected to negatively affect calcifying organisms, including the planktonic larval stages of many marine invertebrates. Planktonic larvae play crucial roles in the benthic-pelagic life cycle of marine organisms by connecting and sustaining existing populations and colonizing new habitats. Calcified larvae are typically denser than seawater and rely on swimming to navigate vertically structured water columns. Larval sand dollars Dendraster excentricus have calcified skeletal rods supporting their bodies, and propel themselves with ciliated bands looped around projections called arms. Ciliated bands are also used in food capture, and filtration rate is correlated with band length. As a result, swimming and feeding performance are highly sensitive to morphological changes. When reared at an elevated PCO2 level (1000 ppm), larval sand dollars developed significantly narrower bodies at four and six-arm stages. Morphological changes also varied between four observed maternal lineages, suggesting within-population variation in sensitivity to changes in PCO2 level. Despite these morphological changes, PCO2 concentration alone had no significant effect on swimming speeds. However, acidified larvae had significantly smaller larval stomachs and bodies, suggesting reduced feeding performance. Adjustments to larval morphologies in response to ocean acidification may prioritize swimming over feeding, implying that negative consequences of ocean acidification are carried over to later developmental stages.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Dendraster excentricus; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, anterolateral arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, height; Dendraster excentricus, height, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, helical pitch; Dendraster excentricus, helical pitch, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, helical width; Dendraster excentricus, helical width, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, net horizontal speed; Dendraster excentricus, net horizontal speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, net vertical speed; Dendraster excentricus, net vertical speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, oscillating speed; Dendraster excentricus, oscillating speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm length; Dendraster excentricus, posterodorsal arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, postoral arm length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm distance; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm distance, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm length; Dendraster excentricus, preoral arm length standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach height; Dendraster excentricus, stomach height, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach length; Dendraster excentricus, stomach length, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, stomach volume; Dendraster excentricus, stomach volume, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, total speed; Dendraster excentricus, total speed, standard deviation; Dendraster excentricus, width; Dendraster excentricus, width, standard deviation; Echinodermata; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Measured; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH meter (Orion 720A); Salinity; Sample ID; Single species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1080 data points
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  • 8
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and mortality, abnormality, morphology, respiration of Heliocidaris crassispi (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Dorey, Narimane; Maboloc, Elizaldy; Chan, Kit Yu Karen (2018): Development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina from Hong Kong is robust to ocean acidification and copper contamination. Aquatic Toxicology, 205, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.006
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Metallic pollution is of particular concern in coastal cities. In the Asian megacity of Hong Kong, despite water qualities have improved over the past decade, some local zones are still particularly affected and could represent sinks for remobilization of labile toxic species such as copper. Ocean acidification is expected to increase the fraction of the most toxic form of copper (Cu2+) by 2.3-folds by 2100 (pH =7.7), increasing its bioavailability to marine organisms. Multiple stressors are likely to exert concomitant effects (additive, synergic or antagonist) on marine organisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that copper contaminated waters are more toxic to sea urchin larvae under future pH conditions. We exposed sea urchin embryos and larvae to two low-pH and two copper treatments (0.1 and 1.0 μM) in three separate experiments. Over the short time typically used for toxicity tests (up to 4-arm plutei, i.e. 3 days), larvae of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina were robust and survived the copper levels present in Hong Kong waters today (≤0.19 μM) as well as the average pH projected for 2100. We, however, observed significant mortality with lowering pH in the longer, single-stressor experiment (Expt A: 8-arm plutei, i.e. 9 days). Abnormality and arm asymmetry were significantly increased by pH or/and by copper presence (depending on the experiment and copper level). Body size (d3; but not body growth rates in Expt A) was significantly reduced by both lowered pH and added copper. Larval respiration (Expt A) was doubled by a decrease at pHT from 8.0 to 7.3 on d6. In Expt B1.0 and B0.1, larval morphology (relative arm lengths and stomach volume) were affected by at least one of the two investigated factors. Although the larvae appeared robust, these sub-lethal effects may have indirect consequences on feeding, swimming and ultimately survival. The complex relationship between pH and metal speciation/uptake is not well-characterized and further investigations are urgently needed to detangle the mechanisms involved and to identify possible caveats in routinely used toxicity tests.
    Keywords: Abnormality; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Anterolateral arm length; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Arm length, postoral; Arm symmetry; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Body length; Body length, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Copper; Echinodermata; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gap of anterolateral arms; Gap of postoral arms; Growth/Morphology; Heliocidaris crassispi; Identification; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Larvae mortality; Larval density; Leung_Sheun_Wan; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen, per body length; Salinity; Single species; Species; Stomach volume; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in days; Time in hours; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 82177 data points
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  • 9
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    Acidification reduced growth rate but not swimming speed of larval sea urchins (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 5 (2015): 9764, doi:10.1038/srep09764.
    Description: Swimming behaviors of planktonic larvae impact dispersal and population dynamics of many benthic marine invertebrates. This key ecological function is modulated by larval development dynamics, biomechanics of the resulting morphology, and behavioral choices. Studies on ocean acidification effects on larval stages have yet to address this important interaction between development and swimming under environmentally-relevant flow conditions. Our video motion analysis revealed that pH covering present and future natural variability (pH 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) did not affect age-specific swimming of larval green urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in still water nor in shear, despite acidified individuals being significantly smaller in size (reduced growth rate). This maintenance of speed and stability in shear was accompanied by an overall change in size-corrected shape, implying changes in swimming biomechanics. Our observations highlight strong evolutionary pressure to maintain swimming in a varying environment and the plasticity in larval responses to environmental change.
    Description: K.C. was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), with funding provided by the Coastal Ocean Institute, the Croucher Foundation, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. S.D. was financially supported by the Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology at the University of Gothenburg (http://www.cemeb.science.gu.se/) and a Linnaeus grant from the Swedish Research Councils VR and Formas. Additional funding was provided from the European Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 265847.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Ontogenetic changes in larval swimming and orientation of pre-competent sea urchin Arbacia punctulata in turbulence (2016)
    Company of Biologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 219 (2016): 1303-1310, doi:10.1242/jeb.129502.
    Description: Many marine organisms have complex life histories, having sessile adults and relying on the planktonic larvae for dispersal. Larvae swim and disperse in a complex fluid environment and the effect of ambient flow on larval behavior could in turn impact their survival and transport. However, to date, most studies on larvae–flow interactions have focused on competent larvae near settlement. We examined the importance of flow on early larval stages by studying how local flow and ontogeny influence swimming behavior in pre-competent larval sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata. We exposed larval urchins to grid-stirred turbulence and recorded their behavior at two stages (4- and 6-armed plutei) in three turbulence regimes. Using particle image velocimetry to quantify and subtract local flow, we tested the hypothesis that larvae respond to turbulence by increasing swimming speed, and that the increase varies with ontogeny. Swimming speed increased with turbulence for both 4- and 6-armed larvae, but their responses differed in terms of vertical swimming velocity. 4-Armed larvae swam most strongly upward in the unforced flow regime, while 6-armed larvae swam most strongly upward in weakly forced flow. Increased turbulence intensity also decreased the relative time that larvae spent in their typical upright orientation. 6-Armed larvae were tilted more frequently in turbulence compared with 4-armed larvae. This observation suggests that as larvae increase in size and add pairs of arms, they are more likely to be passively re-oriented by moving water, rather than being stabilized (by mechanisms associated with increased mass), potentially leading to differential transport. The positive relationship between swimming speed and larval orientation angle suggests that there was also an active response to tilting in turbulence. Our results highlight the importance of turbulence to planktonic larvae, not just during settlement but also in earlier stages through morphology–flow interactions.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [OCE-0850419] and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant [NA14OAR4170074]. K.Y.K.C. was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), with funding provided by the Coastal Ocean Institute, the Croucher Foundation and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. K.Y.K.C. is currently funded by the Croucher Foundation. Additional funding was provided to L.S.M. through the WHOI Ocean Life Fellowship and discretionary WHOI funds, and to E.J.A. through the faculty sabbatical program at Grove City College.
    Keywords: Pluteus ; Behavior ; Hydrodynamics ; Particle image velocimetry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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