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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 791-792 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] No data concerning deformation of quartz appear to have been published. This communication describes attempts to deform this material at the a p transformation temperatures (571 and 57 C). The specimen was cycled between two temperatures, 565 and 585 C, as the exact transformation temperatures ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 1252-1253 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During this work, quartz particles heated at 1,500-1,570 C. were observed to sinter in the early stages of the reaction so strongly as to convert the original loose powder to a hard mass and to reduce the rate of reaction substantially. This effect occurred before any cristobalite had developed and ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 1082-1083 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several theories have been proposed to explain the higher density of this layer in comparison with the density of that just above it, on the basis of (a) a chemical boundary2, (6) the gabbro-eclogite phase change or Fermor's theory3 and (c) the olivine-serpentine reaction as proposed by Hess4. It ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 206 (1965), S. 392-393 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently, the application of this new technique for the densification of clay materials has been reported1 It has been shown that fireclay products having a com-pressive strength of up to 30,000 lb./in.2 can be produced at 700 C in 10?15 min. The most common process for production of ceramic ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 4 (1972), S. 311-322 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Etude de l'influence de la pression exercée à chaud sur la transformation du métakaolin en spinelle et comparaison des résultats avec ceux obtenus avec les argiles calcinées de manière conventionnelle. Les expériences ont été pratiquées sur un kaolin de Géorgie et sur une argile kaolinitique du Canada. Les résultats montrent que le fait d'exercer une pression extérieure abaisse d'une manière importante la température de la transformation du métakaolin en spinelle. La variation d'enthalpie correspondante a été calculée à l'aide de l'équation de Clausius-Clapeyron. On l'a calculé positif, cependant les pics ATD montrent une réaction exothermique. On peut expliquer ce comportement anomalistique par la suggestion de Nicholson et Fulrath, selon laquelle le pic exothermique de 900° dans la transformation kaolinite/mullite est due à la cristallisation de l'oxyde de silice amorphe.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß eines geeigneten Druckes auf die Umwandlung von Metakaolin in Spinell wurde unter den Bedingungen des reaktiven Warmpressens untersucht und die Resultate mit den für konventionell gebrannten Ton erhaltenen verglichen. Die Versuche erfolgten mit einem Kaolin aus Georgia und einer Tonart aus Kanada. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Übergangstemperaturen Metakaolin-Spinell durch Anwendung eines äußeren Druckes erheblich vermindert werden können. Mit Hilfe der Clausius-Clapeyronschen Gleichung wurde für die Umwandlung eine positive Enthalpieänderung errechnet, hingegen deuteten die experimentellen DTA Spitzen eine exothermische Reaktion an. Dieses anomalische Verhalten läßt sich durch die Annahme von Nicholson und Fulrath erklären, nach der die exothermische Spitze bei 900° beim Kaolinite-Mullit Übergang der Kristallisation des amorphen Siliziumdioxyds zuzuschreiben ist.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of an applied pressure on the transformation of metakaolin to spinel has been studied under reactive hot-pressing conditions and the results are compared with the conventionally fired clays. For the experiments both Georgia kaolin and a Canadian fireclay (kaolinitic) were used. The results indicated that the transformation temperature of metakaolin to spinel can be lowered by the application of an external pressure, confirming the earlier work of Carruthers and Wheat. The application of Clapeyron-Clausius equation showed that in order to lower the transformation temperature, the enthalpy change (ΔH) for this transformation has to be positive, contrary to experimental DTA plots, where an exothermic reaction is generally encountered. This anomalous behaviour can be explained, if it is accepted that the exothermic peak at about 900°C in the kaolinite to mullite transformation sequence is due to the crystallization of amorphous silica, as suggested by Nicholson and Fulrath.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2 (1970), S. 165-179 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a préparé deux séries de wüstite à partir d'un mélange stoechiometrique de Fe et Fe2O3 dans des tubes scellés d'acier sous vide rsp. en hélium. Un tube a été chauffé pendant 21 heures chez 1300° l'autre chez 1200° pendant 34 heures. On observe dans les courbes d'ATD des deux séries d'échantillons deux pics exothermiques chez 345° et de 545° jusqu' à 700° dûs à l'oxydation superficielle de FeO en Fe3O4 suivie par l'oxydation de la masse de l'échantillon de FeO en Fe3O4 rsp. de Fe3O4 enα-Fe2O3. Les deux réactions dernières donnent pour un produit à gros grains, un pic double, et pour un produit à grains fins un pic simple indiquant que dans le dernier cas deux réactions concurrentes eurent lieu. Pareilles investigations avec magnétite grossière et fine n'ont montré que deux pics exothermiques correspondant à l'oxydation superficielle et dans la masse. Ces resultats confirment les observations antérieures de la transformation de magnétite grossière enα-Fe2O3 par oxydation superficielle suivie d'oxydation dans la masse.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden zwei Serien von Wüstit aus einem stöchiometrischen Gemisch von Fe und Fe2O3 in versiegelten Stahlröhren unter Vakuum bzw. Helium durch 21 stündiges Erhitzen bei 1300° bzw. 34 Stunden bei 1200° dargestellt. Die DTA-Kurve wies bei beiden Proben zwei exothermische Spitzen auf, bei 345° bzw. bei 545° bis 700° auf, die der oberflächlichen Oxydation von FeO zu Fe3O4 bzw. der vollständigen Oxydation von FeO zu Fe3O4 bzw. Fe3O4 zuα-Fe2O3 entsprechen. Die beiden letzten Reaktionen verursachten eine Zwillingsspitze im Fall von grobem Material, hingegen eine einzige Spitze bei feinem Material. Diese Reaktionen verlaufen also im letzten Fall gleichzeitig. Ähnliche Versuche mit grobem und feinem Magnetit zeigten nur zwei, der oberflächlichen und massiven Oxydation entsprechenden exothermischen Spitzen. Dieses Ergebnis unterstützt die früheren Beobachtungen, daß grober Magnetit durch oberflächliche und darauffolgende vollständige Oxydation inα-Fe2O3 überght.
    Notes: Abstract Two batches of wüstite were produced from a stoichiometric mixture of Fe and Fe2O3 by sealing in steel tubes in vacuum and helium, respectively, and igniting the first tube at 1300° for 21 hours and the second one at 1200° for 34 hours. There were two exothermic peaks on the DTA curves of both samples at 345 and 545 to 700° due to surface oxidation of FeO to Fe3O4 followed by bulk oxidation of FeO to Fe3O4 and of Fe3O4 toα-Fe2O3. The last two reactions gave rise to a dual (or twin) peak for coarse material but one peak in the case of fine material, indicating that the two reactions occurred concurrently for fine material. Similar investigations on both fine and coarse magnetites showed only two exothermic peaks which corresponded to surface and bulk oxidation, respectively. This result confirms the previous observations that coarse magnetite converts toα-Fe2O3 by surface oxidation followed by bulk oxidation.
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 1967-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1968-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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