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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid, radiochemical-ligand binding assay for methotrexate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 70 (1976), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2697(76)80047-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid, radiochemical-ligand binding assay for methotrexate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 70 (1976), S. 54-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2697(76)80047-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the cerebellum in spatial orientation in the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral and Neural Biology 58 (1992), S. 180-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-1047(92)90440-F
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertional mutagenesis in the extreme thermophilic eubacteria Thermus thermophilus HB8 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transcription and translation signals of the S-layer gene (slpA) from Thermus thermophilus HB8 have been used to express a thermostable kanamycin adenyl transferase gene in this organism. The chimaeric resistance gene was inserted in vitro into sIpA to produce different inactive forms of the gene, which were used to transform T. thermophilus HB8. After 48 hours of incubation at 70°C, only two constructions that contained the kat gene flanked by Thermus sequences from both sides of sIpA were able to produce protein layer (P100)-defective mutants. The mutants obtained with both constructions showed identical protein patterns, in which a major 50 kDa protein and two other minor proteins were tentatively identified as P100 fragments, expressed from the extreme 5’end of slpA. They also exhibited important phenotypic defects, such as slow growth in liquid broth, a tendency to aggregate as rotund bodies, a twisted filamentous shape, and an extreme sensitivity to lysozyme, suggesting protective and shaping roles for the S-layer in T. thermophilus HB8. These results also demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using selective antibiotic-resistance markers in extreme thermophiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00877.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response characteristics of frog's lagena afferents to natural stimulation (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 118 (1977), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The activity of first-order lagena neurons has been recorded in the frog (Rana temporaries). In one set of experiments recordings were obtained directly from the lagena nerve (labyrinthic capsule opened) and in a second set they were obtained from the posterior branch of the VIIIth nerve (labyrinthic capsule closed). 2. Lagena neuron responses to changes in vertical head position (roll, pitch) weretonic (23.5%),phasic-tonic (20.6%) andphasic (41.2%). The magnitude of tonic responses depended on the magnitude of the gravitational vector. Phasic responses were proportional to the velocity of change in head position when the preparation was tilted either in pitch or roll planes. The peak-firing of most of the units was phase-leading head displacement (40.4°±15.1° at 0.20 Hz±10°) when the animal was rotated sinusoidally in vertical planes. The phase angle with respect to head displacement decreased when the frequency of the sinusoidal stimulus increased. The velocity gain (1.42±0.63 spikes×s−1/deg×s−1) decreased both with the frequency and the amplitude of the sinusoid. 3. Two types of functionally polarized hair cells have been found in the lagena. 4. Afferent lagena neurons did not respond to sinusoidal rotation in the horizontal plane but a few neurons responded to vibrations. 5. Opening of the labyrinth affected the response characteristics of some units while others were not affected. The main difference concerned the dynamic properties of lagena neurons: many were phase-lagging head displacement and, especially for phasic units, the time course of the discharge showed a very long decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of a vestibular receptor in the frog: Existence of a feedback loop? (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 133 (1979), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the frog,Rana esculenta, when the influence of the efferent vestibular system was eliminated, the spontaneous activity of single afferent fibres recorded from one branch of the nerve of the horizontal semicircular canal (HC) or of the nerve of the vertical anterior canal (VAC) was inhibited in 16–17% of the cases when stimulating electrically the other branch of the same ampullary nerve. Moreover, the spontaneous activity of about 200 afferent fibres was recorded from the nerves of the HC and VAC in three experimental situations. In the first one, the brain was destroyed, or the left vestibular nerve cut as it enters the brain stem, and all the branches of the left vestibular nerve were cut except for the one recorded (VAC or HC nerve); in the second one, recordings were made on the peripheral end of the ampullary nerve previously cut near the ampulla; in the third situation they were made on the ampullary nerve after having cut the vestibular nerve between the periphery and Scarpa's ganglion close to Scarpa's ganglion. Statistical comparisons of the distribution of the spontaneous frequencies and of the mean activities between the experimental situations show that the activities were greater in the second or third experimental situations than in the first one. These results could be explained by the existence of an inhibitory feedback loop outside the brain including Scarpa's ganglion and mediated by receptor-receptor fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00663110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelations between auditory and vestibular receptors in the frog's labyrinth (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 133 (1979), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of the efferent vestibular system being eliminated, the spontaneous activity of afferent fibres of the ampullary nerves of the horizontal and vertical anterior semicircular canals was recorded in the frog. By functionally eliminating either both papillae or all the vestibular receptors except for the papillae, and then using statistical methods, as well as by stimulating the papillae by sounds or the papillary nerve fibres by electrical stimulus, it has been shown that the auditory papillae have a facilitatory influence on the spontaneous afferent activity from the horizontal and vertical anterior canals. This influence is most likely mediated by receptor-receptor fibres arising from the auditory organs and innervating the semicircular canals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657529
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lesion of the inferior olivary complex by 3-acetylpyridine on learning and memory in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 657-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Inferior olivary complex ; Cerebellum ; 3-acetylpyridine ; Harmaline ; Learning ; Memory ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary DA/HAN-strained male rats (pigmented rats) were submitted to two experimental tasks consisting of spatial learning (water-escape) and a passive avoidance conditioning. Both these tasks were performed by different animals. In order to destroy the inferior olivary complex, the animals were injected with 3-acetylpyridine either 9 days prior to the initial learning session or 24 h after completion of the learning task. They were retested (retrieval test) 10 days after the initial learning was achieved. Learning and retention were compared to those noted in control rats. Administration of 3-acetylpyridine before the initial learning did not prevent the spatial learning but the scores were greatly altered and the number of trials needed to reach the fixed learning criterion was much greater than in controls. However, 10 days later the animals had memorized their initial experience. Injection of 3-acetylpyridine after the initial learning session impaired memory: the animals had completely forgotten their initial learning. It can therefore be concluded that lesion of the afferent climbing fibres to the cerebellar cortex alters learning and retention of a spatial task. Such a lesion does not interfere with learning and retention of a passive avoidance conditioning, since in this condition the experimental animals injected with 3-acetylpyridine either before or after the initial learning behave similarly to controls. The effects of the inferior olivary complex lesion are obviously different according to the task to be learnt, suggesting that these two tasks do not require the integrity of the same nervous structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of afferent and efferent neurons to auditory inputs in the vestibular nerve of the frog (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 147 (1982), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the frog, the spontaneous discharges of afferent fibres from the horizontal semicircular canal (HC) and of efferent vestibular units were recorded by means of glass micropipettes filled with 2 mol/l NaCl as well as during acoustic stimulation; pure tones 300–2,000 Hz and clicks 150/s, 80–100 dB re 10−5 N/m2 were used. The activity of 56% of the efferent fibres recorded was increased by such stimulations while the discharge of the others was not modified. In intact preparations the activity of 34.4% of the afferent fibres recorded was either increased or decreased by sound stimulation depending on the unit; the discharge of the others (65.6%) was not modified (Fig. 3). Section of both saccular nerves did not change the percentage of the units modulated by sound showing that the saccules have probably no effect on this modulation (Fig. 4). In preparations where the contralateral auditory papillae were eliminated, 21.1% of the afferent units were facilitated and no unit was inhibited (Fig. 5), while in preparations where the ipsilateral auditory organs were eliminated 21.1% of the afferent units were inhibited and no unit was facilitated (Fig. 6). Therefore, in intact preparations one can assume that decrease and increase of the HC afferent fibre discharges were due to stimulation of the contralateral and the ipsilateral auditory organs, respectively. Such a modulation of canal afferent discharges being mediated by efferent vestibular fibres, it can be postulated that the efferent vestibular system has a double influence upon the hair cells of the vestibular epithelium: one inhibitory and the other facilitatory. Such a double effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609664
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Roles of Cerebellar Cortex and Deep Cerebellar Nuclei in Learning and Retention of a Spatial Task: Studies in Intact and Cerebellectomized Lurcher Mutant Mice (1998)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 28 (1998), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Lurcher ; mutant mice ; cerebellum ; spatial learning ; memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Lurcher mutant mice (+/Lc) exhibit a massive loss of neurons in the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olivary nucleus, while deep cerebellar nuclei are essentially intact. To discriminate the relative participation of the cerebellar cortex and deep structures in learning and memory, 3 to 6-month-old +/Lc mice were subjected to a spatial learning task derived from the Morris water escape. They were able to learn to escape as well as their strain-matched controls (+/+). Seven days later, their scores showed that they had memorized the spatial environment but not as accurately as +/+ mice. Cerebellectomy before training did not significantly alter the escape learning capabilities of either group, whereas cerebellectomy performed after learning completely abolished retention in +/+, as well as in +/Lc, mice. These results suggest that the cerebellum, although not necessary for learning a spatial task, plays a crucial role in its retention, and that the storing structure of spatial information differs in +/+ and +/Lc mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021675514883
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