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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of Defect-Related Silicon Properties with the ELYMAT Technique in Three Dimensions (1994)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 173-174 (Sept. 1994), p. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/00/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.173-174.159.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very high cycle regime fatigue of thin walled tubes made from austenitic stainless steel (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue life data of cold worked tubes (diameter 4 mm, wall thicknesses 0.25 and 0.30 mm) of an austenitic stainless steel, AISI 904 L, were measured in the regime ranging from 2 × 105 to 1010 cycles to failure. The influence of the loading frequency was investigated as data were obtained in conventional rotating bending at 160 and 200 Hz and in ultrasonic axial loading at 20 kHz. Above 5 × 106 cycles the fatigue lifetimes found with both methods were comparable. The results show that the slope of the S–N curve significantly decreases beyond 108 cycles. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fatigue cracks initiate at the surface and no significant influence from frequency or from loading modes on fatigue crack initiation and growth is visible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00554.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Image-Processing Tools for Texture Analysis of High-Energy X-ray Synchrotron Data (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The introduction of synchrotron beamlines for high-energy X-ray diffraction raises new possibilities for texture determination of polycrystalline materials. The local texture can be mapped out in three dimensions and texture developments can be studied in situ in complicated environments. However, it is found that a full alignment of the two-dimensional detector used in many cases is impractical and that data-sets are often partially subject to geometric restrictions. Estimating the parameters of the traces of the Debye–Scherrer cones on the detector therefore becomes a concern. Moreover, the background may vary substantially on a local scale as a result of inhomogeneities in the sample environment etc. A set of image-processing tools has been employed to overcome these complications. An automatic procedure for estimating the parameters of the traces (taken as ellipses) is described, based on a combination of a circular Hough transform and nonlinear least-squares fitting. Using the estimated ellipses the background is subtracted and the intensity along the Debye–Scherrer cones is integrated by a combined fit of the local diffraction pattern. The corresponding algorithms are presented together with the necessary coordinate transform for pole-figure determination. The image-processing tools may be useful for the analysis of noisy or partial powder diffraction data-sets in general, provided flat two-dimensional detectors are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889897016439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Change in Shape Factor of a Single Crystal on Its Dissolution Behavior (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: single crystal dissolution ; Hixson Crowell cube root law ; shape factor ; dissolution model ; particle shape-parallelepiped ; potassium dichromate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To study the effect of change in the shape factor of real crystals on their dissolution behavior using a potassium dichromate crystal as a model for particulates in general. Methods. A model geometry (parallelepiped) has been suggested for a dissolving particle. Single crystals of potassium dichromate which are monoclinic prisms were grown individually from supersaturated solutions at 40°C. Dissolution studies were carried out on five such crystals in 0. 0.1N H2SO4 at 25°C and a stirrer speed of 50 ± 1 rpm. The five crystals had different degrees of non-isometricity. Initial dimensions of the crystals were measured using image analysis techniques. The shape factor of the dissolving crystal as a function of time was obtained indirectly from the dissolution data. Results. The shape factor of a single crystal changed significantly after about 50% dissolution. The nature of this change depended on the degree of non-isometricity of the crystal. The change in shape factor of the dissolving crystal was accounted for in the Hixson-Crowell cube root law, and a modified form of the cube root equation was developed. This equation for dissolution explained the observed upward curvature in the cube root law plot. Conclusions. The shape factor for any non-isometric particle cannot be considered to be constant over the dissolution event, as is commonly assumed. This change has an appreciable effect on the dissolution behavior of crystals. This study is particularly of significance for elongated shapes like needles and platelets. By the methodology described here, it was possible to determine the initial shape factor of the crystal and the intrinsic dissolution rate constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016010207729
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism and Kinetics of Metal Ion-Mediated Degradation of Fosinopril Sodium (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 800-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: fosinopril sodium ; magnesium ions ; C–P bond cleavage ; kinetics ; mechanism ; tablet formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fosinopril sodium (I), a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, is a diester prodrug of the active moiety II. We report here a novel transformation of fosinopril into β-ketoamide, III, and a phosphonic acid, IV, mediated through metal ion participation. The interaction of fosinopril with magnesium ions was studied in a solution model system in which methanol was used as the solvent and magnesium acetate as the source of metal ions. Kinetic analysis indicated the degradation to be a bimolecular process, with the rate being first order in both metal ion and fosinopril concentration. The degradation products II, III, and IV effectively retarded the magnesium ion mediated reaction of fosinopril. Based on the results of 31P-NMR, 1H-NMR, Mn(II)-EPR spectroscopy experiments and mass spectrometry, a mechanism is postulated for this transformation. A key reactive intermediate has been characterized that supports the proposed mechanism. The results can account for the observed degradation profile of the fosinopril sodium in a prototype tablet formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018940623174
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for current oscillations in the Si-HF system based on a quantitative analysis of current transients (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 67 (1998), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 64.60.Ak; 68.45.-v; 82.40.-g; 82.45.+z; 82.65.-i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The physical character of local oscillators on a nm scale will be outlined. Next-neighbor coupling leads to percolation areas of about 100 nm as result of Monte Carlo simulations. The percolation provides an intrinsic synchronization mechanism leading to macroscopic oscillations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential, Temperature and Doping Dependence for Macropore Formation on n-Si with Backside-Illumination (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: macropore formation ; illumination ; temperature dependence ; anodic potential ; doping dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Applying an anodic bias on a silicon HF contact and illuminating the backside of a n-type silicon wafer allows to create macropores. The formation of “random macropores” is studied in this paper by determination of the influences of the potential, the temperature and the doping level. A statistical approach is used to evaluate the micrographs. The formation of the macroporous layer consists of two phases. Beginning with a plane surface and homogeneous dissolution of silicon, first pores occur after some time. In this nucleation phase the thickness of the homogeneously dissolved Si depends strongly on the doping level and the temperature but only weakly on the applied bias. In a second phase of stable pore growth the density of pores is investigated as a function of temperature and anodic potential. For low doped material we find a strong stabilisation influence of the deep space charge region (SCR) in the nucleation as well as in the stable pore growth phase. Thus an increased anodic bias decreases the density of pores. For highly doped silicon no stabilisation influence of the SCR is found. The pore growth is dominated by the electrochemical dissolution rate, i.e. increasing the potential increases the density of the macropores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009643800505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Orientation Dependence of Macropore Formation in n-Si With Backside-Illumination in HF-Electrolyte (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: macropore formation ; crystal orientation dependence ; 〈113〉 orientation ; anodic potential dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of macropores on anodically biased n-type silicon with backside-illumination was investigated as a function of crystal orientation and bias voltage. Specimens were cut from bulk crystals with various orientations from {100} to {111}, polished and subjected to anodic etching in HF. The resulting pores were investigated on cleaved samples by SEM. All pores were found to grow in either a 〈100〉 direction or a 〈113〉 direction, depending on the misorientation angle. This finding applies also to the branching of a single pore. The results can be understood if the valence for the dissolution reaction is approximately 2.6 in 〈100〉 and approximately 4 in the 〈113〉 direction, and if all other directions are not allowed for the growth of pores in Si.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009639105357
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Measuring Density Profiles of Electrons and Heavy Particles in a Stable Axially Blown Arc (2017)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-02
    Electronic ISSN: 2331-7019
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Magnetizing a Complex Plasma without a Magnetic Field (2012)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-10
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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