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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 92 (1977), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 23 (1976), S. 23-38 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die K-, Na-, Rb- und Cs-Gehalt von Kalifeldspäten und Biotiten granitoider Gesteine des Sinai gemessen. Der Vergleich ihrer K/Rb-VerteilungskoeffizientenD Rb F/B mit Verteilungskoeffizienten anderer Gesteinskörper führte zu einer Unterscheidung von drei granitoiden Gesteinsgruppen: a) Ignimbrite und “trockene” Granite, deren mittlere Verteilungskoeffizienten zwischen 2.2 und 3.2 liegen und Gleichgewichte zwischen Kristallen und Schmelze repräsentieren, b) Granite, deren Kristalle durch Ionen-Austausch mit postmagmatischen hydrothermalen Lösungen verändert sind, mit Mittelwerten zwischen 3.4 und 4.4, c) Migmatite und Gneise, die in der Amphibolitfazies rekristallisierten, mit Werten zwischen 3.7 und 4.7. Einige granitische Gesteinskörper des Sinai sind von besonderem Interesse. Ihre mittlerenD Rb F/B Werte sind extrem: 2.4 für den “trockenen” Um Malaq Monzogranit und 4.4 für den “nassen” Farsh Syenogranit. Ein Geothermometer, das sich auf die K/Rb-Verteilung in natürlichen Phasen und auf experimentelle Ergebnisse stützt, kann zur Zeit noch nicht vorgeschlagen werden. Obgleich die experimentell bestimmten Verteilungskoeffizienten von Sanidin/Phlogopit-Paaren alle von derselben Größenordnung sind, sind die Abweichungen zwischen den Daten verschiedener Autoren so groß, daß die Berechnung vonD Rb als Funktion der Temperatur zurückgestellt werden muß bis mehr experimentelle Daten vorliegen.
    Notes: Summary The K, Na, Rb and Cs contents of K-feldspars and biotites of granitoid rocks from Sinai were measured. The comparison of their K/Rb partition coefficientsD Rb F/B with partition coefficients of other rock bodies lead to the distinction of three granitoid rock groups: a) ignimbrites and “dry” granites with average partition coefficients from 2.2 to 3.2 representing crystal/melt equilibria, b) granites which are affected by ion-exchange between crystals and postmagmatic hydrothermal solutions having averages from 3.4 to 4.4, c) migmatites and gneisses which recrystallized in the amphibolite facies with values from 3.7 to 4.7. Some granitic rock bodies of Sinai are of special interest. Their average partition coefficients are extrem: 2.4 for the “dry” Um Malaq monzogranite and 4.4 for the “wet” Farsh syenogranite. A geothermometer based on the K/Rb partition of natural phases as well as on experimental results cannot be proposed at the present time. Though all experimentally determined partition coefficients of sanidine/phlogopite pairs are of the same order of magnitude, the deviations between the data of different authors are so large that the calculation ofD Rb F/B as a function of temperature has to be postponed till more experimental data are available.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 55 (1966), S. 342-354 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We studied with geochemistric methods red levels regularly inserted beetween basaltic layers of the Kerguelen Plateau. The main result of these observations is to show the geochemistric evolution of the elements under the influence of the hydrothermal action, developed during the coming of the upper basalt flow. Coming from safe zones of basalts this evolution reaches a maximum in the intermediary layer, in union with the vitrous structure and its texture. Easiness of the liberation of iron and aluminium oxyds, petrographic study and clean morphological relations of the red layer with the adjacent one allow to consider the red layer as a pyroclastic or ashic formation, rich in glass and distinct from the adjacent basalts. Chemical studies of pollens, mineralogical and micro-morphological analysis of this formation permit to exclude the hypothesis of a ferralitic action to explain the rubifaction.
    Abstract: Résumé On étudie du point de vue géochimique des niveaux rouges régulièrement intercalés entre des strates de basalte de plateau dans l'Archipel de Kerguelen. Le résultat principal de ces observations est de montrer l'évolution géochimique des éléments sous l'influence de l'action hydrothermale développée lors de l'arrivée du basalte supérieur. Partant des zones saines des basaltes, cette évolution atteint un maximum dans la couche intermédiaire, en liaison avec la structure vitreuse et la texture de celle-ci. La facilité de libération des oxydes de fer et d'aluminium, l'étude pétrographique ainsi que les rapports morphologiques nets de la couche rouge avec ses voisines permettent de considérer celle-ci comme une formation pyroclastique, ou cendreuse, riche en verre et distincte des basaltes adjacents. L'analyse minéralogique, chimique pollinique et micro-morphologique de cette formation permettent de ne pas retenir l'hypothèse d'une action ferralitique pour expliquer la rubéfaction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden rote den Basaltlagen der Kerguelen Hochebene regelmäßig eingeschaltete Zonen geochemisch untersucht. Das Hauptergebnis dieser Studien ist die Kenntnis der geochemischen Evolution der verschiedenen chemischen Elemente unter dem Einfluß hydrothermaler Tätigkeit, während folgender Basaltextrusionen. Von den unveränderten Basaltlagen kommend erreicht diese Evolution ein Maximum an der roten, zwischenliegenden Zone, die eine glasige Struktur und Textur zeigt. Die Leichtigkeit, mit der Eisen- und Aluminiumoxyde freiwerden, der petrographische Befund und die rein morphologischen Beziehungen zwischen der roten Lage und der folgenden Basaltlage erlauben es, die rote Lage als pyroklastische Lage oder Aschenlage zu bezeichnen, die reich an Glas ist und sich von den angrenzenden Basalten unterscheidet. Mineralogische, chemische, pollenanalytische und mikromorphologische Untersuchungen widerlegen die Annahme, daß die Rötung unter lateristischen Bedingungen entstanden sei.
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  • 5
  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: We discuss an analytical approximation for the matter power spectrum covariance matrix and its inverse on translinear scales, k  ~ 0.1 h – 0.8 h Mpc –1 at z  = 0. We proceed to give an analytical expression for the Fisher information matrix of the non-linear density-field spectrum, and derive implications for its cosmological information content. We find that the spectrum information is characterized by a pair of upper bounds, ‘plateaux’, caused by the trispectrum, and a ‘knee’ in the presence of white noise. The effective number of Fourier modes, normally growing as a power law, is bounded from above by these plateaux, explaining naturally earlier findings from N -body simulations. These plateaux limit best possible measurements of the non-linear power at the per cent level in an h –3 Gpc 3 volume; the extraction of model parameters from the spectrum is limited explicitly by their degeneracy to the non-linear amplitude. The value of the first, supersurvey (SS) plateau depends on the characteristic survey volume and the large-scale power; the second, intra-survey plateau is set by the small-scale power. While both have simple interpretations within the hierarchical Ansatz , the SS plateau can be predicted and generalized to still smaller scales within Takada and Hu's spectrum response formalism. Finally, the noise knee is naturally set by the density of tracers.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Beyond the linear regime of structure formation, part of cosmological information encoded in galaxy clustering becomes inaccessible to the usual power spectrum. Sufficient statistics , A *, were introduced recently to recapture the lost, and ultimately extract all, cosmological information. We present analytical approximations for the A * and traditional power spectra as well as for their covariance matrices in order to calculate analytically their cosmological information content in the context of Fisher information theory. Our approach allows the precise quantitative comparison of the techniques with each other and to the total information in the data, and provides insights into sufficient statistics. In particular, we find that while the A * power spectrum has a similar shape to the usual galaxy power spectrum, its amplitude is strongly modulated by small-scale statistics. This effect is mostly responsible for the ability of the A * power spectrum to recapture the information lost for the usual power spectrum. We use our framework to forecast the best achievable cosmological constraints for projected surveys as a function of their galaxy density, and compare the information content of the two power spectra. We find that sufficient statistics recover significantly more cosmological information, resulting in an approximate factor of ~= 2 gain for dense projected surveys at low redshift. This increase in the effective volume of projected surveys is consistent with previous numerical calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: The primary science driver for 3D galaxy surveys is their potential to constrain cosmological parameters. Forecasts of these surveys’ effectiveness typically assume Gaussian statistics for the underlying matter density, despite the fact that the actual distribution is decidedly non-Gaussian. To quantify the effect of this assumption, we employ an analytic expression for the power spectrum covariance matrix to calculate the Fisher information for Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO)-type model surveys. We find that for typical number densities, at k max = 0.5 h  Mpc –1 , Gaussian assumptions significantly overestimate the information on all parameters considered, in some cases by up to an order of magnitude. However, after marginalizing over a six-parameter set, the form of the covariance matrix (dictated by N -body simulations) causes the majority of the effect to shift to the ‘amplitude-like’ parameters, leaving the others virtually unaffected. We find that Gaussian assumptions at such wavenumbers can underestimate the dark energy parameter errors by well over 50 per cent, producing dark energy figures of merit almost three times too large. Thus, for 3D galaxy surveys probing the non-linear regime, proper consideration of non-Gaussian effects is essential.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-06-11
    Description: Beyond the linear regime, Fourier modes of cosmological random fields become correlated, and the power spectrum of density fluctuations contains only a fraction of the available cosmological information. To unveil this formerly hidden information, the A * non-linear transform was introduced; it is optimized both for the non-linearities induced by gravity and observational noise. Quantifying the resulting increase of our knowledge of cosmological parameters, we forecast the constraints from the angular power spectrum and that of A * from  ~ 200 to 3000 for upcoming galaxy surveys such as: the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Euclid, the Hyper Suprime-Cam and the Dark Energy Survey. We find that at low redshifts this new data analysis strategy can double the extracted information, effectively doubling the survey area. To test the accuracy of our forecasting and the power of our data analysis methods, we apply the A * transformation to the latest release of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Wide. While this data set is too sparse to allow for more than modest gains (~1.1–1.2), the realized gain from our method is in excellent agreement with our forecast, thus verifying the robustness of our analysis and prediction pipelines.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: The statistical translation invariance of cosmological random fields is broken by a finite survey boundary, correlating the observable Fourier modes. Standard methods for generating Gaussian fields either neglect these correlations, or are costly, or both. Here, we report on a fast and exact simulation method applicable to a wide class of two-point statistics that requires the simulation of a periodic grid of only twice the survey side with fast Fourier transforms. Supersurvey modes, dominating the covariance of power spectra beyond linear scales in galaxy surveys and causing the correlation of large and small scales, ‘beat coupling’, or ‘super-sample’ covariance, are precisely accounted for in non-linear transformations of the Gaussian field. As an application, we simulate the CFHTLS (Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Large Survey) ~7° 7° W1 galaxy density field, modelled as a Poisson sampling of a lognormal density field. We show that our simulations produce power spectra, A *-power spectra, counts-in-cells probability distributions as well as covariances perfectly consistent with the data. In addition, our technique reproduces the information plateau beyond linear scales as observed previously in Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy catalogues and in N -body simulations. Our method is thus an efficient yet powerful simulation and prediction tool for galaxy survey data and covariances.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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