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  • 1
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    Micro-CT analysis of the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa subjected to elevated pCO2 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Enochs, I C; Manzello, Derek P; Wirshing, H H; Carlton, R; Serafy, J (2016): Micro-CT analysis of the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa subjected to elevated pCO2. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(3), 910-919, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv159
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide has resulted in a drop in ocean pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). These acidified waters have many ramifications for diverse marine biota, especially those species which precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons. The permanence of coral reef ecosystems is therefore closely related to OA stress as habitat-forming corals will exhibit reduced calcification and growth. Relatively little is known concerning the fate of other constituent taxa which may either suffer concomitant declines or be competitively favoured in acidified waters. Here, we experimentally (49 d) test the effects of next century predictions for OA (pH = 7.75, pCO2 = 1081 µatm) vs. near-present-day conditions (pH = 8.01, pCO2 = 498 µatm) on the common Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa. We measure linear extension of this octocoral and use a novel technique, high-resolution micro-computed tomography, to measure potential differences in the morphology of calcified internal skeletal structures (sclerites) in a 2 mm apical section of each branch. Despite the use of highly accurate procedures, we found no significant differences between treatments in either the growth of E. flexuosa branches or the structure of their sclerites. Our results suggest a degree of resilience to OA stress and provide evidence that this octocoral species may persist on Caribbean coral reefs, despite global change.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Area, standard error; Attenuation coefficient, standard error; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Counts, standard error; Dry air column-averaged mixing ratio of carbon dioxide; Dry air column-averaged mixing ratio of carbon dioxide, standard error; Eunicea flexuosa; Extension rate, standard error; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Light attenuation coefficient; Linear extension; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Percentage; Percentage, standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; Species; Surface area; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Total counts; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Volume; Volume, standard error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 524 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Galápagos coral reef persistence after ENSO warming across an acidification gradient (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Manzello, Derek P; Enochs, I C; Bruckner, Andrew; Renaud, Philip G; Kolodziej, Graham; Budd, David A; Carlton, R; Glynn, Peter W (2014): Galápagos coral reef persistence after ENSO warming across an acidification gradient. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(24), 9001-9008, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062501
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Anthropogenic CO2 is causing warming and ocean acidification. Coral reefs are being severely impacted, yet confusion lingers regarding how reefs will respond to these stressors over this century. Since the 1982-1983 El Niño-Southern Oscillation warming event, the persistence of reefs around the Galápagos Islands has differed across an acidification gradient. Reefs disappeared where pH〈8.0 and aragonite saturation state (Omega arag)〈=3 and have not recovered, whereas one reef has persisted where pH〉8.0 and Omega arag〉3. Where upwelling is greatest, calcification by massive Porites is higher than predicted by a published relationship with temperature despite high CO2, possibly due to elevated nutrients. However, skeletal P/Ca, a proxy for phosphate exposure, negatively correlates with density (R=-0.822, p〈0.0001). We propose that elevated nutrients have the potential to exacerbate acidification by depressing coral skeletal densities and further increasing bioerosion already accelerated by low pH.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate; Calcification rate, standard error; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Coulometric titration; Date/time end; Date/time start; Density; Density, standard error; DEPTH, water; Depth, water, standard error; Entire community; Extension rate; Extension rate, standard error; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Phosphorus/Calcium ratio; Phosphorus/Calcium ratio, standard error; Potentiometric titration; Replicates; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Site; South Pacific; Table; Temperature; Temperature, water; Tropical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 260 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Enochs, I C; Manzello, Derek P; Donham, E M; Kolodziej, Graham; Okano, R; Johnston, Lyza; Young, Craig S; Iguel, John; Edwards, C B; Fox, M D; Valentino, L; Johnson, Steven; Benavente, D; Clark, S J; Carlton, R; Burton, T; Eynaud, Y; Price, Nichole N (2015): Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef. Nature Climate Change, 5(12), 1083-1088, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Rising anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere is accompanied by an increase in oceanic CO2 and a concomitant decline in seawater pH (ref. 1). This phenomenon, known as ocean acidification (OA), has been experimentally shown to impact the biology and ecology of numerous animals and plants2, most notably those that precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons, such as reef-building corals3. Volcanically acidified water at Maug, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is equivalent to near-future predictions for what coral reef ecosystems will experience worldwide due to OA. We provide the first chemical and ecological assessment of this unique site and show that acidification-related stress significantly influences the abundance and diversity of coral reef taxa, leading to the often-predicted shift from a coral to an algae-dominated state4, 5. This study provides field evidence that acidification can lead to macroalgae dominance on reefs.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Individuals; Maug_Island; Name; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Site; Temperature, water; Tropical; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9300 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Effects of light and elevated pCO2 on the growth and photochemical efficiency of Acropora cervicornis (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Enochs, I C; Manzello, Derek P; Carlton, R; Schopmeyer, S; van Hooidonk, Ruben; Lirman, D (2014): Effects of light and elevated pCO2 on the growth and photochemical efficiency of Acropora cervicornis. Coral Reefs, 33(2), 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1132-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The effects of light and elevated pCO2 on the growth and photochemical efficiency of the critically endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, were examined experimentally. Corals were subjected to high and low treatments of CO2 and light in a fully crossed design and monitored using 3D scanning and buoyant weight methodologies. Calcification rates, linear extension, as well as colony surface area and volume of A. cervicornis were highly dependent on light intensity. At pCO2 levels projected to occur by the end of the century from ocean acidification (OA), A. cervicornis exhibited depressed calcification, but no change in linear extension. Photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) was higher at low light, but unaffected by CO2. Amelioration of OA-depressed calcification under high-light treatments was not observed, and we suggest that the high-light intensity necessary to reach saturation of photosynthesis and calcification in A. cervicornis may limit the effectiveness of this potentially protective mechanism in this species. High CO2 causes depressed skeletal density, but not linear extension, illustrating that the measurement of extension by itself is inadequate to detect CO2 impacts. The skeletal integrity of A. cervicornis will be impaired by OA, which may further reduce the resilience of the already diminished populations of this endangered species.
    Keywords: Acropora cervicornis; Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Coulometric titration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard error; Irradiance; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Photochemical efficiency; Photochemical efficiency, standard error; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 112 data points
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of phenazine methyl sulfate, inhibitors, and uncouplers on the light-induced proton transport by cells ofRhodospirillum rubrum (1970)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 2 (1970), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Suspensions of log phase cells ofRhodospirillum rubrum at pH 5.5 show a light-induced decrease in the pH of the medium which is reversed during the subsequent dark period. The velocity and magnitude of the pH change were the same whether the cells were bubbled with air, CO2-free air or N2 during experimentation. The pH response is temperature dependent. Phenazine methyl sulfate (PMS) at concentrations above 0.05mm stimulates the light-induced pH change. PMS at 1mm gives a 2-fold increase in the initial rate upon illumination and a 1.5-fold increase in the total change in pH after 2 min of illumination. The inhibition of the proton transport by 10 μg/ml antimycin A or 20 μm 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide can be partially relieved by PMS. However, inhibition of the light-induced proton transport with 0.5mm 2,4-dinitrophenol or 3 μm carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) cannot be overcome by addition of PMS. Valinomycin, at a concentration of 3 μm, caused a slight stimulation of the light-induced proton transport in the presence of 200mm KCl. The inhibition of proton transport by 3 μm CCCP was partially relieved with 3 μm valinomycin in the presence of 200mm KCl, but the antibiotic was without effect when the cells were suspended in 200mm NaCl. The results are discussed in terms of current theories of the action of PMS, antimycin A, valinomycin, and uncouplers on the light-induced electron flow and photophosphorylation inR. rubrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated search for supernova explosions (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1021-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design and construction of a new search for supernovae, based on the use of current computer and detector technology. This search uses a computer-controlled telescope and charge coupled device (CCD) detector to collect images of hundreds of galaxies per night of observation, and a dedicated minicomputer to process these images in real time. The search system has a detection threshold of 17th visual magnitude, discovered its first supernova on 18 May 1986, and at this writing has found three additional supernovae. The system currently is being upgraded with an improved detector and a more powerful computer. At full speed and sensitivity, the system will be able to search 2500 galaxies per night with a limiting magnitude of 19 or fainter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139773
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation (2003)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The capabilities of central office (CO) telephone switches in four southeastern states (Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee) provide detail on spatial variation in telecommunications technologies. A proposed six-level hierarchy of switch capability was used. Switches with digital capability are concentrated disproportionately in metropolitan areas, largely in response to larger numbers of business establishments. The overall picture in the Southeast is one of tremendous variation—variation across states and variation within the four states being studied. Rural (nonmetro) counties generally, but not always, have both fewer switches overall and fewer switches with digital capability. North Carolina and Tennessee, the two most urban of the four states, also have seen the greatest entry by new telecommunications competitors. These two states have the largest percentages of advanced (digital) switches in both metro and rural counties. At the county level, the number of switches is primarily a function of a county's population but, even more significantly in three states, of the number of business establishments in the county. On the whole, it is residents of metropolitan—not rural—areas who are most likely to be served by newer forms of digital telecommunications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steric effect of ortho-substituted alkyl groups on chromatographic adsorption of aniline
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Talanta 9 (1962), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-9140
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039-9140(62)80249-5
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of hydrochloric acid and particulate deposition resulting from space shuttle launches at John F. Kennedy space center, Florida, USA (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental management 14 (1990), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Space shuttle launch ; Acidic deposition ; Particulates ; Monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Observations of damage to vegetation, acute reductions in surface water pH, and kills of small fish prompted the Biomedical Operations and Research Office at the John F. Kennedy Space Center to initiate intensive environmental evaluations of possible acute and long-term chronic impacts that may be produced by repeated launches of the space shuttle. An important step in this evaluation was the identification of deposition patterns and the quantification of ecosystem loading rates of exhaust constituents from the solid rocket motors (SRMs) in the area of the launch pad. These constituents are primarily aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). During three launches of the space transportation system (STS-11, 13, and 14) up to 100 bulk deposition collectors, 83 mm in diameter containing 100 ml of deionized water, were deployed in a grid pattern covering 12.6 ha north of launch pad 39-A. Estimates of HCl and particulate deposition levels were made based on laboratory measurements of items entrained in the collectors. Captured particulates consisted of a variety of items including Al2O3, sand grains, sea shell fragments, paint chips, and other debris ablated from the launch pad surface by the initial thrust of the SRMs. Estimated ranges of HCl and particulate deposition in the study area were 0–127 g/m2 and 0–246 g/m2, respectively. Deposition patterns were highly influenced by wind speed and direction. These measurements indicate that, under certain meteorological conditions, up to 7.1 × 103 kg of particulates and 3.4 × 103 kg of HCl can be deposited to the near-field environment beyond the launch pad perimeter fence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental bromine in freshwater and freshwater organisms: Factors affecting bioaccumulation (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1979), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01769938
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