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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of crown position and date of sampling on biomass, nutrient concentrations and contents of needles and shoots in European larch (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words European larch ; Nutrient ; Biomass ; Needle ; Shoot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The nutrient concentrations and contents of needles and shoots of 22-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) were evaluated with respect to crown position, age of tissues and sampling date during a complete growing season. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn in the needles and of N, P and K in the shoots differed significantly among the dates of sampling. The concentrations of N and Mn in the needles and all nutrients in the shoots (except Mg) also differed significantly with crown position. Maximum needle biomass was observed in the middle crown position (55% of the total) and maximum shoot biomass, in the lower crown position (52% of the total). Maximum needle and shoot nutrient contents were observed in the middle position of the living crown for long shoot, short shoot-1, short shoot-2, short shoot-3 and, short shoot-4 age classes while highest contents for short shoot-5 and short shoot-6 age classes were observed in the lower crown position. Biases up to 42% for Mg in the needles and 200% for K in the shoots were obtained when only long shoot tissues are used for content evaluation. For needles and shoots, Mg and K are more difficult nutrients to evaluate. A sampling methodology is proposed for evaluating nutrient contents of the living crown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050042
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Litter decomposition rates in Canadian forests (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The effect of litter quality and climate on the rate of decomposition of plant tissues was examined by the measurement of mass remaining after 3 years’ exposure of 11 litter types placed at 18 forest sites across Canada. Amongst sites, mass remaining was strongly related to mean annual temperature and precipitation and amongst litter types the ratio of Klason lignin to nitrogen in the initial tissue was the most important litter quality variable. When combined into a multiple regression, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and Klason lignin:nitrogen ratio explained 73% of the variance in mass remaining for all sites and tissues. Using three doubled CO2 GCM climate change scenarios for four Canadian regions, these relationships were used to predict increases in decomposition rate of 4–7% of contemporary rates (based on mass remaining after 3 years), because of increased temperature and precipitation. This increase may be partially offset by evidence that plants growing under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations produce litter with high lignin:nitrogen ratios which slows the rate of decomposition, but this change will be small compared to the increased rate of decomposition derived from climatic changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00224.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of remnant trees on nutrients and fallow biomass in slash and burn agroecosystems in Guinea (1998)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 40 (1998), S. 227-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Erythropheleum guinensis ; managed fallows ; nutrient cycling ; Parinari excelsa ; Parkia biglobosa ; shifting cultivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three tree species are traditionally conserved in the traditional slash and burn agricultural system practiced for the production of upland rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) in the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea, i.e. (Parinari excelsa [Sabine], Parkia biglobosa [Jacq.) Benth.], Erythrophleum guinensis [G. Don.]). Sampling a chronosequence of fallow sites indicated that extractable P; exchangeable K, Ca and Mg; cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH all decreased over the fallow period with patterns that differed with soil depth. Soils under the remnant Parinari excelsa and Parkia biglobosa trees had higher concentrations of organic C; total N; extractable P; exchangeable K, Ca and Mg; total P and Ca; and CEC than did the open microsites. Extractable P; exchangeable K, Ca and Mg; total P and Ca; and CEC were greater under Parinari excelsa than under Erythrophleum guinensis. Intensive measurements of a single mature fallow site showed that the foliar nutrient concentration of the large trees was not an accurate index of which microsite had the greatest accumulation of biomass and nutrients in the aboveground fallow vegetation. The biomass and the total amounts of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the fallow vegetation were significantly greater for the Parinari excelsa and Parkia biglobosa microsites than for the open microsites. We conclude that although the nutrient status of the soils decreased over the 8-year fallow period, the microsites under the large trees were generally more fertile than the open microsites. However, there were important differences in the effects of the different tree species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006093329468
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comportement dePicea abies Karst. en plantation au Québec, Canada (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 3-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Croissance ; Eléments nutritifs ; Picea abies ; Plantation ; Sol Station ; Texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A soil-site-growth study was undertaken in 94Picea abies plantations ranging in age from 20–31 years, in the L-3 forest region, Canada. Correlation analysis and canonical variable analysis indicated positive relationships between growth and the level of exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg, and Mn), total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, pH, percentages of fine particles, altitude and slope. By stepwise discriminant analysis, 65% of the sites were correctly classified according to predetermined growth classes with the four first parameters (exchangeable Mn, % of fine sand, exposition and pH) in the equation. Seventy-six percent of the sites were correctly classified using total soil and site characteristics.
    Notes: Résumé Une étude sol-station-croissance a été effectuée sur 94 plantations dePicea abies, âgées de 20–31 ans, dans la région forestière L-3, Canada. Des relations positives ont été mises en évidence, par l'analyse de corrélation et l'analyse des viariables canoniques, entre la croissance et les teneurs en cations échangeables (K, Ca, Mg et Mn), l'azote total, la capacité d'échange cationique, le pH, les pourcentages de particules fines, l'altitude et la pente. L'analyse discriminante progressive permet, en moyenne, de classer correctement 64% des stations au sein des classes de croissance prédéterminées, en utilisant les quatre premiers paramètres (teneur en Mn échangeable, % de sable fin, exposition (cos) et pH) à entrer dans l'équation de classement. L'ensemble des paramètres échantillonnés classe correctement 76% des stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197752
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comportement dePicea abies Karst. en plantation au Québec, Canada (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azote ; Croissance ; Nutrition ; Picea abies ; Plantation ; Potassium ; Sol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A nutrient-growth study was undertaken in 94Picea abies plantations, ranging in age from 20–31 years, in the L-3 forest region, Canada. Correlation analysis and canonical variable analysis indicated a positive relation between growth and the percentage of nitrogen and potassium in needles of the current year growth. By stepwise discriminant analysis, these two elements classify correctly 53% of the sites in the predetermined growth classes whereas combining all foliar characteristics tested classified correctly 59% of the sites. Adequate nitrogen and potassium nutrition is observed on plantations grown on soils with high levels of exchangeable cations and rich in silt and clay.
    Notes: Résumé Une étude nutrition-croissance a été réalisée dans 94 plantations dePicea abies, âgées de 20–31 ans, établies dans la région forestière L-3, Canada. Des relations positives ont été mises en évidence, par l'analyse de correlation et l'analyse des variables canoniques, entre la croissance et les teneurs en azote et en potassium des aiguilles de la pousse courante. Ces deux éléments permettent, par analyse discriminante progressive, de classer correctement en moyenne 53% des stations, au sein des classes de croissance prédéterminées alors que le total des caractéristiques foliaires analysées classe correctement 59% des stations. Une bonne nutrition en azote et en potassium est observée dans les plantations sur sols présentant une teneur élevée en cations échangeables et riches en limon fin et en argile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass production by alders on four abandoned agricultural soils in Québec (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus crispa ; Alnus glutinosa ; Alnus rugosa ; Mineral nutrition ; Soil nutrients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The production of aboveground tissue of three alder species (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh,A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. andA. glutinosa (L) Gaertn.) on four sites ranged from 0.4 t ha−1 yr−1 to 4.0 t ha−1 yr−1 after four growing seasons. Large differences were observed among the four sites studied and among species. Soil nutrient levels affected the biomass production and foliar symptoms of P and Mg deficiency occurred withA. crispa andA. rugosa. Because of their poor aboveground biomass production (0.4–1.4 t ha−1 yr−1),A. crispa andA. rugosa should be used mainly as nurse trees. For its higher potential for biomass production (up to 4.0 t ha−1 yr−1), and its apparent higher ability to use P and Mg on deficient sites,A. glutinosa should be used preferably toA. crispa andA. rugosa for the production of biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277659
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in dense plantings of hybrid poplar and black alder (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; Black alder ; Dinitrogen fixation ; Hybrid poplar ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen cycling ; Short-rotation plantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen cycling was studied during the third growing season in pure and mixed plantings (33×33 cm spacing) of hybrid poplar and black alder in southeastern Canada. After 3 years, hybrid poplar growth and N content of living tissues in a plot and of individual hybrid poplar plants increased with the proportion of black alder in a planting. No differences were detected among N contents of individual alder plants regardless of plot treatment. Black alder allocated a larger portion of its N to roots than hybrid poplar. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was estimated to account for 80% of the nitrogen in aboveground alder tissues in the pure treatment using natural15N dilution. N return in leaf litter was estimated to be 70kg ha−1 in the pure alder treatment and decreased to a minimum of 20 kg ha−1 in the pure hybrid poplar plots. No difference was detected among treatments for throughfall N content. Nitrogen concentration in roots and leaf litterfall of black alder was higher than hybrid poplar. Significant soil N accretion occurred in mixed plantings containing two alders to one poplar and pure black alder plantings. Nitrogen availability (NO3−N) increased with the amount of black alder in a plot. Results suggest that the early increase in nitrogen accumulation of hybrid poplar in mixed treatments can be attributed to an increase of total soil N availability resulting from the input of large amounts of N from easily mineralizable alder tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277660
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, nitrogen accumulation, and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in pure and mixed plantings of hybrid poplar and black alder (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Black alder ; Hybrid poplar ; Interactions ; Natural ; 15N dilution ; N2 fixation ; N accumulation ; Short-rotation plantation ; Tree biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Growth and N accumulation were assessed in pure and mixed plantings (2 years old) of hybrid poplar and black alder in southern Québec. Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation was evaluated by natural15N dilution. Growth of hybrid poplar plants and N accumulation in their tissues increased with their decreasing contribution to species ratio whereas no differences among treatments were measured for black alder. Yield and N content per hectare of aboveground components increased with the proportion of black alder in the plantation. Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation was estimated at 68% of alder nitrogen in both pure and mixed treatments. The maximum rate of N-fixation was 53kg ha−1 yr−1 in pure alder plots. The amount of nitrogen accumulated in entire plants of black alder from symbiotic fixation could be sufficient to balance the N export in harvested stems and branches of short-rotation plantations containing at least 33% of alder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277852
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of roots of black alder and hybrid poplar in short-rotation plantings: Nitrogen and lignin control (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 138 (1991), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; carbon ; cold temperate climate ; lignin ; mesh bags ; nitrogen ; Orthic ; Sombric Brunisol ; plantation ; Populus ; root decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The decomposition of the roots (0–2 mm, 2–5 mm and 5–10 mm) of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. X Populus trichocarpa Torr & Gray) was followed over a 462-day period in pure and mixed plantings in southern Quebec. Small roots of alder had the highest initial concentrations of nitrogen and lignin, and lost 9 and 10% less mass than medium and large roots, respectively. Large roots of poplar had the highest lignin-to-nitrogen ratio and showed the smallest loss of mass over the total incubation period. Slow root decomposition of black alder and hybrid poplar was characterized by a greater proportion of initial root nitrogen immobilized per unit of carbon respired. Lignin concentration in roots of alder and poplar increased rapidly at the beginning of the incubation. Our results suggest that high levels of nitrogen in roots of alder could contribute in slowing the rate of decomposition by allowing the formation of nitrogen-lignin derivatives and low levels of nitrogen in roots of poplar may limit the growth of microorganisms and the rate of root decomposition. A multiple regression was developed using initial nitrogen, lignin concentration and the ratio of lignin to nitrogen to produce an index of the rate of root decomposition. The correlation between the index values and the percentage of residual root mass was significant (r=0.98, p〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011814
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  • 10
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    Rates of litter decomposition over 6 years in Canadian forests: influence of litter quality and climate (2002)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-01
    Description: The effects of litter quality and climate on decomposition rates of plant tissues were examined using percent mass remaining (MR) data of 10 foliar litter types and 1 wood type during 6 years exposure at 18 upland forest sites across Canada. Litter-quality variables used included initial nutrient contents (N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg) and carbon fractions (determined by proximate analysis and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Climate variables used included mean annual temperature; total, summer, and winter precipitation; and potential evaptranspiration. A single-exponential decay model with intercept was fit using the natural logarithm of 0- to 6-year percent MR data (LNMR) for all 198 type by site combinations. Model fit was good for most sites and types (r2 = 0.640.98), although poorest for cold sites with low-quality materials. Multiple regression of model slope (Kf) and intercept (A) terms demonstrated the importance of temperature, summer precipitation, and the acid-unhydrolyzable residue to N ratio (AUR/N) (r2 = 0.65) for Kf, and winter precipitation and several litter-quality variables including AUR/N for A (r2 = 0.60). Comparison of observed versus predicted LNMR for the best overall combined models were good (r2 = 0.750.80), although showed some bias, likely because of other site- and type-specific factors as predictions using 198 equations accounted for more variance (r2 = 0.95) and showed no bias.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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