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Green Technologies and Infrastructure to Enhance Urban Ecosystem Services : Proceedings of the Smart and Sustainable Cities Conference 2018 (2020)

Vasenev, Viacheslav. [editor.] ; Dovletyarova, Elvira. [editor.] ; Cheng, Zhongqi. [editor.] ; [et al.]

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Human geography. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Sustainability. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Human Geography. ; Urban Ecology. ; Sustainability. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography.

Abstract: These proceedings of the Smart and Sustainable Cities Conference (SSC) in Moscow from May 23 to 26, 2018 addresses important questions regarding the global trend of urbanization. What are the environmental consequences of megacities’ expansion? What smart solutions can make life in cities safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly? It is projected that 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050, and as such the book describes how this rapid urbanization will alter the face of the world. Focusing on solutions for the environmental problems of modern megapolises, it discusses advanced approaches and smart technologies to monitor, model and assess the environmental consequences and risks. The contributors present examples of successful sustainable urban development, including management and design of green infrastructure, waste management, run-off purification and remediation of urban soils. The SSC conference and its proceedings offer a valuable contribution to sustainable urban development, and are of interest to the scientific and research community, municipal services, environmental protection agencies, landscape architects, civil engineers, policy makers and other stakeholders in urban management and greenery.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XIII, 280 p. 117 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2020.

ISBN: 9783030160913

Series Statement: Springer Geography,

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16091-3

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16091-3

DDC: 304.2

Language: English

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Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Development of Urban Green Infrastructure : Proceedings of Smart and Sustainable Cities 2020 (2021)

Vasenev, Viacheslav. [editor.] ; Dovletyarova, Elvira. [editor.] ; Valentini, Riccardo. [editor.] ; [et al.]

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Environment. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Climatology. ; Soil science. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Urban Ecology. ; Climate Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Sustainability.

Description / Table of Contents: Tree health of Larix sibirica Ledeb. in the railway impact zone on Kola Peninsula -- The influence of soil quality on trees’ health in urban forest -- Ground penetrating radar tomography application to study of live tree trunks: case studies of defects detection -- Morphological and Macroanatomical Indicators of Long-Term and Current State of Trees of Quercus -- Carbon Dioxide Fluxes of an Urban Forest in Moscow -- Regulating Ecosystem Services in Russian cities: Can Urban Green Infrastructure Cope with Air Pollution and Heat Islands? -- Effects of Small Water Bodies on the Urban Heat Island and their Interaction with Urban Green Spaces in a Medium-Size City in Germany -- Assessment of Soil Properties and Tree Performance on Fountain Avenue and Pennsylvania Avenue Landfills in New York City -- Variability of Infiltration Rates at Selected Green Infrastructure Sites in New York City -- Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution by land use zones in small towns of the industrialized Arctic region, Russia -- Activity concentration of natural radionuclides and total heavy metals content in soils of urban agglomeration -- Metabolic adjustments in urban lawns in response to soil salinization -- Impact of Overgrown plant Deposit on physicochemical properties: Sod-podzolic soils during the last 60 years in the Central State Biosphere Forest Reserve, Western European Part of Russia -- Culturable Airborne Fungi of Urban, Forest and Coastal Areas of the Kola Peninsula -- Toxic Cyanobacteria in the arctic lakes: new environmental challenges. A case study -- Unfavorable impact of the urbanization on the immune antiviral protection in children: the relationship with recurrent respiratory infections -- Urbanization Effect on Children's Autonomic Nervous System -- The Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children and Adults in Kazakhstan -- Some features of the key phenotypes of allergic rhinitis among children in a metropolis -- Playground arrangement for children with special health needs -- Environmental, social and economic potentials of urban protected areas: case study of Moscow, Russia -- Assessing the proposed volume of recreational ecosystem services: case study of Moscow's urban protected areas -- National park «Elk Island» in the Moscow region's green infrastructure -- The concept of ecosystem services in Russian urban legislation -- Environmental safety of urbanized territories as a developing institution for ensuring the vital interests of mankind -- Environmental Assessment of Thermal Energy Facilities Impact on Ecosystem Services for the Production of Oxygen in Urban Settlements -- Ecological assessment of rapeseed cultivation to improve chemically degraded urban Albic Luvisol -- Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Spaces. How and what people value in urban nature? -- Ecosystem services approach for landscaping project: the case of Metropolia Residential Complex.

Abstract: This proceedings book focuses on advanced technologies to monitor and model urban soils, vegetation and climate, including internet of things, remote sensing, express and non-destructive techniques. The Smart and Sustainable Cities (SSC) conference is a regular event, organized each second year in RUDN University (Russia) and providing a multidisciplinary platform for scientists and practitioners in urban environmental monitoring, modeling, planning and management.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XIV, 332 p. 116 illus., 91 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2021.

ISBN: 9783030752859

Series Statement: Springer Geography,

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75285-9

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75285-9

DDC: 333.7

Language: English

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Monoterpene emission and monoterpene synthase activities in the Mediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex L. grown at elevated CO2 concentrations (2001)

Loreto, Francesco ; Fischbach, Robert J. ; Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 7 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Monoterpene emissions, monoterpene synthase activities, photosynthesis, fluorescence yield in the dark and drought stress indicators (stomatal conductance and mid-day water potential) were concurrently measured under similar temperature and illumination in current-year leaves of Quercus ilex L. of plants grown in open-top chambers at ambient (350 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2. The study was undertaken to understand the effect of CO2 on monoterpene biosynthesis, and to predict and parameterize the biogenic emissions at growing CO2 concentrations. The results of the 1998 and 1999 studies show that at elevated CO2, and in the absence of persistent environmental stresses, photosynthesis was stimulated with respect to ambient CO2, but that the emission of the three most abundantly emitted monoterpenes (α-pinene, sabinene and β-pinene) was inhibited by approximately 68%. The enzyme activities of the monoterpene synthases catalysing the formation of the three monoterpenes were also inhibited at elevated CO2 and an excellent relationship was found between monoterpene emission and activity of the corresponding enzyme both at ambient and elevated CO2. Interestingly, however, limonene emission was enhanced in conditions of elevated CO2 as it was also the corresponding synthase. The ratio between enzyme activity and emission of the three main monoterpenes was high (above 20) at ambient CO2 but it was below 10 at elevated CO2 and, for limonene, on both treatments. Our results indicate that the overall emission of monoterpenes at elevated CO2 will be inhibited because of a concurrent, strong down-regulation of monoterpene synthase activities. When the enzyme activity does not change, as for limonene, the high photosynthetic carbon availability at elevated CO2 conditions may even stimulate emission. The results of the 1997 study show that severe and persistent drought, as commonly occurs in the Mediterranean, may inhibit both photosynthesis and monoterpene (α-pinene) emission, particularly at ambient CO2. Thus, emission is probably limited by photosynthetic carbon availability; the effect of elevated CO2per se is not apparent if drought, and perhaps other environmental stresses, are also present.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00442.x

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Production, turnover and mycorrhizal colonization of root systems of three Populus species grown under elevated CO2 (POPFACE) (2003)

LUKAC, MARTIN ; CALFAPIETRA, CARLO ; GODBOLD, DOUGLAS L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: A fast growing high density Populus plantation located in central Italy was exposed to elevated carbon dioxide for a period of three years. An elevated CO2 treatment (550 ppm), of 200 ppm over ambient (350 ppm) was provided using a FACE technique. Standing root biomass, fine root turnover and mycorrhizal colonization of the following Populus species was examined: Populus alba L., Populus nigra L., Populus x euramericana Dode (Guinier). Elevated CO2 increased belowground allocation of biomass in all three species examined, standing root biomass increased by 47–76% as a result of FACE treatment. Similarly, fine root biomass present in the soil increased by 35–84%. The FACE treatment resulted in 55% faster fine root turnover in P. alba and a 27% increase in turnover of roots of P. nigra and P. x euramericana. P. alba and P. nigra invested more root biomass into deeper soil horizon under elevated CO2. Response of the mycorrhizal community to elevated CO2 was more varied, the rate of infection increased only in P. alba for both ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). The roots of P. nigra showed greater infection only by AM and the colonization of the root system of P. x euramericana was not affected by FACE treatment. The results suggest that elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions induce greater belowground biomass investment, which could lead to accumulation of assimilated C in the soil profile. This may have implications for C sequestration and must be taken into account when considering long-term C storage in the soil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00582.x

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Gross primary production is stimulated for three Populus species grown under free-air CO2 enrichment from planting through canopy closure (2005)

Wittig, Victoria E. ; Bernacchi, Carl J. ; Zhu, Xin-Guang ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: How forests will respond to rising [CO2] in the long term is uncertain, most studies having involved juvenile trees in chambers prior to canopy closure. Poplar free-air CO2 enrichment (Viterbo, Italy) is one of the first experiments to grow a forest from planting through canopy closure to coppice, entirely under open-air conditions using free-air CO2 enrichment technology. Three Populus species: P. alba, P. nigra and P. x euramericana, were grown in three blocks, each containing one control and one treatment plot in which CO2 was elevated to the expected 2050 concentration of 550 ppm. The objective of this study was to estimate gross primary production (GPP) from recorded leaf photosynthetic properties, leaf area index (LAI) and meteorological conditions over the complete 3-year rotation cycle. From the meteorological conditions recorded at 30 min intervals and biweekly measurements of LAI, the microclimate of leaves within the plots was estimated with a radiation transfer and energy balance model. This information was in turn used as input into a canopy microclimate model to determine light and temperature of different leaf classes at 30 min intervals which in turn was used with the steady-state biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis to compute CO2 uptake by the different leaf classes. The parameters of these models were derived from measurements made at regular intervals throughout the coppice cycle. The photosynthetic rates for different leaf classes were summed to obtain canopy photosynthesis, i.e. GPP. The model was run for each species in each plot, so that differences in GPP between species and treatments could be tested statistically. Significant stimulation of GPP driven by elevated [CO2] occurred in all 3 years, and was greatest in the first year (223–251%), but markedly lower in the second (19–24%) and third years (5–19%). Increase in GPP in elevated relative to control plots was highest for P. nigra in 1999 and for P. x euramericana in 2000 and 2001, although in 1999 P. alba had a higher GPP than P. x euramericana. Our analysis attributed the decline in stimulation to canopy closure and not photosynthetic acclimation. Over the 3-year rotation cycle from planting to harvest, the cumulative GPP was 4500, 4960 and 4010 g C m−2 for P. alba, P. nigra and P. x euramericana, respectively, in current [CO2] and 5260, 5800 and 5000 g C m−2 in the elevated [CO2] treatments. The relative changes were consistent with independent measurements of net primary production, determined independently from biomass increments and turnover.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00934.x

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon and nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica (2017)

Scartazza, Andrea ; Moscatello, Stefano ; Gavrichkova, Olga ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Scartazza, Andrea; Moscatello, Stefano; Gavrichkova, Olga; Buia, Maria-Cristina; Lauteri, Marco; Battistelli, Alberto; Lorenti, Maurizio; Garrard, Samantha Laird; Calfapietra, Carlo; Brugnoli, Enrico (2017): Carbon and nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica is altered by seawater acidification. Science of the Total Environment, 607-608, 954-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.084

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Publication Date: 2023-07-07

Description: Rising atmospheric CO2 causes ocean acidification that represents one of the major ecological threats for marine biota. We tested the hypothesis that long-term exposure to increased CO2 level and acidification in a natural CO2 vent system alters carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism in Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile), affecting its resilience, or capability to restore the physiological homeostasis, and the nutritional quality of organic matter available for grazers. Seawater acidification decreased the C to N ratio in P. oceanica tissues and increased grazing rate, shoot density, leaf proteins and asparagine accumulation in rhizomes, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was unaffected. The 13C-dilution in both structural and non-structural C metabolites in the acidified site indicated quali-quantitative changes of C source and/or increased isotopic fractionation during C uptake and carboxylation associated with the higher CO2 level. The decreased C:N ratio in the acidified site suggests an increased N availability, leading to a greater storage of 15N-enriched compounds in rhizomes. The amount of the more dynamic C storage form, sucrose, decreased in rhizomes of the acidified site in response to the enhanced energy demand due to higher shoot recruitment and N compound synthesis, without affecting starch reserves. The ability to modulate the balance between stable and dynamic C reserves could represent a key ecophysiological mechanism for P. oceanica resilience under environmental perturbation. Finally, alteration in C and N dynamics promoted a positive contribution of this seagrass to the local food web.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Asparagine per dry mass; Asparagine per dry mass, standard error; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Carbohydrates, non structural; Carbohydrates, non structural, standard error; Carbon; Carbon, standard error; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard error; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Glutamic acid, standard error; Glutamic acid per dry mass; Glutamine per dry mass; Glutamine per dry mass, standard error; Holocellulose, standard error; Holocellulose per dry mass; Ischia_OA; Lignin, standar error; Lignin per dry mass; Location; Mediterranean Sea; Nitrogen, per dry mass; Nitrogen, standard error; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen content per dry mass, standard error; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Plantae; Posidonia oceanica; Proteins, soluble; Proteins, soluble, standard error; Proteins, total; Proteins, total, standard error; Registration number of species; Replicate; Seagrass; Shoot density; Shoot density, standard error; Single species; Species; Starch; Starch, standard error; Sucrose, standard error; Sucrose per dry mass; Temperate; Tracheophyta; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; δ13C; δ13C, standard error; δ15N; δ15N, standard error

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 414 data points

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