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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 427-440 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Kinetic and transport theory ; Classical, semiclassical, and quantum theories of liquid structure ; Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Vengono riportati alcuni recenti risultati concernenti la stabilità di fase di miscele di fluidi semplici e carichi. Gli approcci teorici utilizzati sono l'approssimazione hypernetted-chain (HNC) e l'approssimazione sferica media (MSA). L'MSA predice in maniera qualitativamente corretta l'esistenza dei punti critici e dello spinodale per tutti i casi studiati, anche se l'inconsistenza termodinamica della teoria ne impedisce una localizzazione quantitativamente accurata. La determinazione delle condizioni di stabilità di fase viene effettuata anche attraverso la HNC, approssimazione più accurata dell'MSA, utilizzando una procedura di estrapolazione dei risultati disponibili per il limite aq→0 del fattore di struttura concentrazione-concentrazioneS cc(0). Una tale estrapolazione si rende necessaria poichè, come anche riscontrato da altri autori, l'algoritmo di soluzione diventa instabile in una regione dello spazio dei parametri che, ad alte densità, può essere identificata con lo spinodale. La stessa procedura permette di stabilire che la HNC manifesta un comportamento di legge di potenza nel limite di alte densità. Vengono anche discusse diffusamente alcune applicazioni a sistemi modello che approssimano miscele reali, e in relazione a queste, presentati confronti con alcuni risultati sperimentali.
    Abstract: Резюме Приводятся недавно полученные результаты, касающиеся фазовой устойчивости смесей простых и заряженных жидкостей. Применяются два теоретических подхода: приближение «гиперсетевой цепочки» и среднее сферическое приближение. Оказывается, что предсказания среднело сферического приближения для существования критических точек и точек возврата оказываются качественно правильными для всех исследоованных случаев, хотя термодинамическая несогласованность теории запрещает делать количественные оценки локализации зтих особенностей. Также определяются условия фазовой стабильности, в рамках приближения «гиперсетевой цепочки», используя процедуру зкстрополяции имеющихся результатов для пределаq=0 структурного фактораS cc (0). Такая экстрополяция необходима, так как алгоритм решения, как было получено также друлими авторами, становится неустойчивым в области пространства параметров, которая при высоких плотностях может быть индентифицирована с точкой возврата. Такая процеура позволяет показать, что приближение «гипесетвой цепочки» обнаруживает поведение, согласно степенному закону, в пределе высоких плотностей. Обсуждаются некоторые применения к модельным системам, имитирующим реальные смеси, и результаты сравнения предсказаний с экспериментальными данными.
    Notes: Summary Recent results concerning phase stability of simple and charged fluid mixtures are reported. The applied theoretical appraoches are the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation and the mean spherical approximation (MSA). The MSA predictions for the existence of critical points and spinodal turn out to be qualitatively correct in all cases investigated although the thermodynamic inconsistency of the theory forbids a quantitative estimate of the location of these features. The determination of the phase stability conditions is also performed in the more accurate HNC, through an extrapolation procedure of the available results for theq=0 limit of the concentration-concentration structure factorS cc(0). Such an extrapolation is necessary since, as also found by other authors, the algorithm of solution becomes unstable in a region of the parameter space which, at high densities, can be identified with the spinodal. The same procedure allows us to establish that the HNC exhibits a power law behaviour in the high-density limit. Some applications to model systems which mimic real mixtures, and the related comparison with the experimental results, are discussed throughout.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 15 (1993), S. 435-442 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions, and critical points of specific substances ; Liquid-vapor transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The phase stability of ionic multicomponent fluids is investigated through the Mean Spherical Approximation in the framework of the well-known Restricted Primitive Model of electrolytes. Phase stability conditions are obtained by studying the behaviour of the isothermal compressibility which diverges at the liquid-vapour spinodal. The model parameters are chosen so as to represent charged colloidal solutions with a big polyion and small counterions; the case in which a third neutral-particle species is present, possibly modelling the solvent, is also investigated. The MSA predictions turn out to be in good qualitative agreement with previous hypernetted-chain calculations for the same system; the simplicity and flexibility of the theory also allows a determination of the stability conditions for various assignments of the physical parameters which can reasonably mimic realistic configurations of charged colloidal solutions. Possible extensions and improvements of the present theoretical study, and a systematic procedure to assess its predictions for practical applications, are also shortly discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 464-472 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Classical, semiclassical and quantum theories of liquid structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto L’approssimazione sferica media generalizzata (GMSA) per un fluido di sfere dure cariche di eguale diametro è usata per calcolare le funzioni di distribuzione radiali del RbCl fuso. I risultati sono confrontati con dati di diffrazione di neutroni e leg ij (r) teoriche e sperimentali risultano complessivamente in buon accordo. Si discute la posibilità di applicare ulteriormente questo stesso approccio al caso di fusi ionici con specie ioniche di diametro diverso.
    Abstract: Резюме ОбобЩенное приближение средних сфер для среды заряженных твердых сфер равного диаметра исполвзуется для вычисления функций радиалвного распределения расплавленного ЯвСл. Полученные реулвтаты сравниваются с даннымн по дифракции нейтронов. Получено хорошее согласие между эксперименталвнемн и теоретическими величинамиg ij (r.), Обсуждается применение этого подхода к случаю ионных расплавов с ионными группами различного диаметра.
    Notes: Summary The generalized mean spherical approximation (GMSA) for a fluid of charged hard spheres of equal diameters is used for calculating the radial distribution functions of molten RbCl. The results are compared to neutron diffraction data and a good overall agreement is found between the experimental and the theoreticalg ij (r). Further application of this same approach to the case of ionic melts with ionic species of different diameters is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4902-4908 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The phase diagrams and the spinodal lines of different types of charged hard sphere fluid mixtures (CHSM) are determined through the use of the mean spherical approximation (MSA). The attention in the paper is particularly addressed to the low density regime of these systems, where the physical parameters are chosen in such a way so to mimic polyelectrolyte solutions with an added salt, or dilute electrolyte solution mixtures of simple salts. The phase diagrams at densities corresponding to the molten salt regime, obtained in a previous paper, are also reported, in order to get a complete picture of the phase stability behavior of CHSM. In all cases investigated the MSA predicts the existence of a closed solubility loop in the low density domain of the phase diagram. The location and the extension of this feature turns out to be crucially affected by the pressure, by the diameter ratios of the ionic components, and by the asymmetry of the ionic charges. A comparison of the MSA predictions in the low density regime with more refined theoretical approaches, or with computer simulation data, has not been possible for reasons which are explained in the text. However, the theory is expected to work at the same level of accuracy as in other physical contexts, where its predictions for the phase stability conditions of various systems have been found to be qualitatively reliable; moreover, for the case in which the model mimics a polyelectrolyte solution with an added salt, the form of the theoretical spinodal closely resembles the cloud points curve of an ionic micellar solution experimentally investigated by other authors.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 1091-1098 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mean spherical approximation (MSA), the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation, and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations are used in order to investigate the phase stability of dense charged hard sphere fluid mixtures. According to the MSA, spinodal decomposition occurs in these systems in a certain range of the physical parameters. The HNC results indicate the existence of a spinodal line in qualitative agreement with the MSA prediction. Local compositions obtained by MC calculations show the expected behavior in a mixture approaching segregation. The concentrations of the coexisting phases are also calculated within the MSA, and the characteristics of the phase diagrams of different types of mixture are discussed. A detailed analysis is then made of the thermodynamic quantities which define the Gibbs free energy of mixing; this allows one to understand in more detail the segregation process. Finally, the applicability of the present approach for studying the phase stability conditions of molten salt mixtures and ionic micellar solutions is discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 5101-5103 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By inspiring to some recent developments of density functional theory for inhomogeneous classical fluids we present a closure of the Born–Green–Yvon (BGY) equation for the electric double layer, which allows us to take into account nonlocality effects in the approximated form of the total inhomogeneous pair correlation function hi j (r1, r2). The proposed approach improves previously published (Ref. 1) BGY results for the electric double layer in the low concentrated electrolyte solution regime.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 3327-3338 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we study the crystallization process in a model system whose particles interact by a spherical pair potential with a narrow and deep attractive well adjacent to a hard repulsive core. The phase diagram of the model displays a solid–fluid equilibrium, with a metastable fluid–fluid separation. Our computations are restricted to fairly small systems (from 2592 to 10368 particles) and cover long simulation times, with constant energy trajectories extending up to 76×106 MD steps. By progressively reducing the system temperature below the solid–fluid line, we first observe the metastable fluid–fluid separation, occurring readily and almost reversibly upon crossing the corresponding line in the phase diagram. The nucleation of the crystal phase takes place when the system is in the two-fluid metastable region. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the nucleation time allows us to estimate directly the nucleation free energy barrier. The results are compared with the predictions of classical nucleation theory. The critical nucleus is identified, and its structure is found to be predominantly fcc. Following nucleation, the solid phase grows steadily across the system, incorporating a large number of localized and extended defects. We discuss the relaxation processes taking place both during and after the crystallization stage. The relevance of our simulation for the kinetics of protein crystallization under normal experimental conditions is discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 158 (1991), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 166 (1992), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 166 (1992), S. 70-76 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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