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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-04-28
    Description: : Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by helminths constitute some of the most common infections of the world’s poorest people. The etiological agents are complex and recalcitrant to standard techniques of molecular biology. Drug screening against helminths has often been phenotypic and typically involves manual description of drug effect and efficacy. A key challenge is to develop automated, quantitative approaches to drug screening against helminth diseases. The quantal dose–response calculator (QDREC) constitutes a significant step in this direction. It can be used to automatically determine quantitative dose–response characteristics and half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) values using image-based readouts from phenotypic screens, thereby allowing rigorous comparisons of the efficacies of drug compounds. QDREC has been developed and validated in the context of drug screening for schistosomiasis, one of the most important NTDs. However, it is equally applicable to general phenotypic screening involving helminths and other complex parasites. Availability and implementation: QDREC is publically available at: http://haddock4.sfsu.edu/qdrec2/ . Source code and datasets are at: http://tintin.sfsu.edu/projects/phenotypicAssays.html . Contact: rahul@sfsu.edu . Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-07-16
    Description: Engineering the microbial transformation of lignocellulosic biomass is essential to developing modern biorefining processes that alleviate reliance on petroleum-derived energy and chemicals. Many current bioprocess streams depend on the genetic tractability of Escherichia coli with a primary emphasis on engineering cellulose/hemicellulose catabolism, small molecule production, and resistance to product inhibition....
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-05-07
    Description: The proteasomal ATPase ring, comprising Rpt1-Rpt6, associates with the heptameric alpha-ring of the proteasome core particle (CP) in the mature proteasome, with the Rpt carboxy-terminal tails inserting into pockets of the alpha-ring. Rpt ring assembly is mediated by four chaperones, each binding a distinct Rpt subunit. Here we report that the base subassembly of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteasome, which includes the Rpt ring, forms a high-affinity complex with the CP. This complex is subject to active dissociation by the chaperones Hsm3, Nas6 and Rpn14. Chaperone-mediated dissociation was abrogated by a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, indicating that chaperone action is coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis by the Rpt ring. Unexpectedly, synthetic Rpt tail peptides bound alpha-pockets with poor specificity, except for Rpt6, which uniquely bound the alpha2/alpha3-pocket. Although the Rpt6 tail is not visualized within an alpha-pocket in mature proteasomes, it inserts into the alpha2/alpha3-pocket in the base-CP complex and is important for complex formation. Thus, the Rpt-CP interface is reconfigured when the lid complex joins the nascent proteasome to form the mature holoenzyme.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687086/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3687086/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Soyeon -- Li, Xueming -- Kim, Ho Min -- Singh, Chingakham Ranjit -- Tian, Geng -- Hoyt, Martin A -- Lovell, Scott -- Battaile, Kevin P -- Zolkiewski, Michal -- Coffino, Philip -- Roelofs, Jeroen -- Cheng, Yifan -- Finley, Daniel -- 1S10RR026814-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5P20RR017708/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 8 P20 GM103420/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 GM103418/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR016475/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR017708/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM045335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM082893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37GM043601/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR026814/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):512-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12123. Epub 2013 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉SUMMARY〈/div〉Lateral variations of body wave, coda wave, intrinsic and scattering attenuation have been investigated using 114 local earthquakes which were recorded in eastern Nepal Himalaya and southern Tibet from October 2001 to March 2003. The extended coda normalization method and single isotropic scattering model are used to estimate the quality factor of body waves (〈span〉Qp〈/span〉, 〈span〉Qs〈/span〉) and coda wave (〈span〉Qc〈/span〉), respectively. We have divided the entire area into two zones such as eastern Nepal Himalaya and southern Tibet to explore the attenuation characteristics laterally. We have used all crustal events within hypocentral distance of 100 km. The observations are made at six different central frequencies such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 Hz. For both regions 〈span〉Q〈/span〉 values are found to be frequency dependent. Subsequently, we separate out the contributions of both intrinsic (〈span〉Qi〈/span〉) and scattering (〈span〉Qsc〈/span〉) attenuation parameters using the Wennerberg approach. It is observed that the intrinsic attenuation prevails over scattering attenuation in eastern Nepal Himalaya at all the frequency ranges while for southern Tibet scattering attenuation dominates at higher frequencies (〉8Hz). The similarity between 〈span〉Qc〈/span〉 and 〈span〉Qi〈/span〉 is noted for both areas, which confirms that the decay of coda wave is primarily due to the intrinsic dissipation. Intrinsic attenuation is found to be higher in southern Tibet, which could be associated with the partial melting, fluid trapped in the crust or high heat flow that exists below the region. The results correlate with the underlying geo-tectonical model as well as with the structural complexities present beneath the study area. The obtained values in this study are well comparable with other results reported for similar tectonic regime.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 2051-1965
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-11-17
    Description: We studied the outflow behaviour from accretion discs around black holes taking into account the vertical equilibrium accretion flow model. The outflow rate is found to depend crucially on flow composition. Our approach is to study the outflow behaviour as function of inflow around black holes with an equation of state which allows flow to be thermally relativistic close to black holes and non-relativistic far away from black holes. We studied shock ejection model. A pure electron–positron pair flow never undergoes shock transition while presence of some baryons (common in outflows and jets) makes it possible to have standing shock waves in the flow. It can be concluded that the presence of protons is necessary for the flow to show the outflow behaviour. The outflow rate is maximum when the flow contains the proton number density which is 27 per cent of the electron number density. We conclude that a pure electron–positron jet is unlikely to form.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-10-14
    Description: ATF4 is a pro-oncogenic transcription factor whose translation is activated by eIF2 phosphorylation through delayed re-initiation involving two uORFs in the mRNA leader. However, in yeast, the effect of eIF2 phosphorylation can be mimicked by eIF5 overexpression, which turns eIF5 into translational inhibitor, thereby promoting translation of GCN4 , the yeast ATF4 equivalent. Furthermore, regulatory protein termed eIF5-mimic protein (5MP) can bind eIF2 and inhibit general translation. Here, we show that 5MP1 overexpression in human cells leads to strong formation of 5MP1:eIF2 complex, nearly comparable to that of eIF5:eIF2 complex produced by eIF5 overexpression. Overexpression of eIF5, 5MP1 and 5MP2, the second human paralog, promotes ATF4 expression in certain types of human cells including fibrosarcoma. 5MP overexpression also induces ATF4 expression in Drosophila . The knockdown of 5MP1 in fibrosarcoma attenuates ATF4 expression and its tumor formation on nude mice. Since 5MP2 is overproduced in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, we propose that overexpression of eIF5 and 5MP induces translation of ATF4 and potentially other genes with uORFs in their mRNA leaders through delayed re-initiation, thereby enhancing the survival of normal and cancer cells under stress conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Summary〈/div〉Lateral variations of body wave, coda wave, intrinsic and scattering attenuation have been investigated using 114 local earthquakes which were recorded in eastern Nepal Himalaya and southern Tibet from October 2001 to March 2003. The extended coda normalization method and single isotropic scattering model are used to estimate the quality factor of body waves (〈span〉Qp, Qs〈/span〉) and coda wave (〈span〉Qc〈/span〉) respectively. We have divided the entire area into two zones such as eastern Nepal Himalaya and southern Tibet to explore the attenuation characteristics laterally. We have used all crustal events within hypocentral distance of 100 km. The observations are made at six different central frequencies such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 Hz. For both regions 〈span〉Q〈/span〉 values are found to be frequency dependent. Subsequently we separate out the contributions of both intrinsic (〈span〉Qi〈/span〉) and scattering (〈span〉Qsc〈/span〉) attenuation parameters using usingWennerberg (1993) approach. It is observed that the intrinsic attenuation prevails over scattering attenuation in eastern Nepal Himalaya at all the frequency ranges while for southern Tibet scattering attenuation dominates at higher frequencies (〉8Hz). The similarity between 〈span〉Qc〈/span〉 and 〈span〉Qi〈/span〉 is noticed for both areas which confirms that the decay of coda wave is primarily due to the intrinsic dissipation. Intrinsic attenuation is found to be higher in southern Tibet which could be associated with the partial melting, fluid trapped in the crust, or high heat flow that exists below the region. The results correlate with the underlying geo-tectonical model as well as with the structural complexities present beneath the study area. The obtained values in this study are well comparable with other results reported for similar tectonic regime.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 2051-1965
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0262-6667
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-3435
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-09-13
    Description: Climate change is likely to have major implications for wetland ecosystems, which will include altered water level regimes due to modifications in local and catchment hydrology. However, substantial uncertainty exists in the precise impacts of climate change on wetlands due in part to uncertainty in GCM projections. This paper explores the impacts of climate change upon river discharge within three sub-catchments of Loktak Lake, an internationally important wetland in northeast India. This is achieved by running pattern-scaled GCM output through distributed hydrological models (developed using MIKE SHE) of each sub-catchment. The impacts of climate change upon water levels within Loktak Lake are subsequently investigated using a water balance model. Two groups of climate change scenarios are investigated. Group 1 uses results from seven different GCMs for an increase in global mean temperature of 2 °C, the purported threshold of ''dangerous'' climate change, whilst Group 2 is based on results from the HadCM3 GCM for increases in global mean temperature between 1 °C and 6 °C. Results from the Group 1 scenarios show varying responses between the three sub-catchments. The majority of scenario-sub-catchment combinations (13 out of 21) indicate increases in discharge which vary from
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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