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  • 1
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    The glass transition of water, based on hyperquenching experiments (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: The glass transition temperature (Tg) in water is still uncertain, with conflicting values reported in the literature. As with other hyperquenched glasses, water exhibits a large relaxation exotherm on reheating at the normal rate of 10 kelvin (K) per minute. This release of heat indicates the transformation of a high enthalpy state to a lower one found in slow-cooled glasses. When the exotherm temperature is scaled by Tg, the good glass-formers show a common pattern. However, for hyperquenched water, when this analysis is performed using the commonly accepted Tg = 136 K, its behavior appears completely different, but this should not be the case because enthalpy relaxation is fundamental to the calorimetric glass transition. With Tg = 165 +/- 5 K, normal behavior is restored in comparison with other hyperquenched glasses and with the binary solution behavior of network-former systems (H2O, ZnCl2, or BeF2 plus a second component). This revised value has relevance to the understanding of water- biomolecule interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Velikov, V -- Borick, S -- Angell, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2335-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Materials science: Soft is strong (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angell, C Austen -- Ueno, Kazuhide -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):45-6. doi: 10.1038/462045a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Liquids at large negative pressures: water at the homogeneous nucleation limit (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-08
    Description: An isochoric cooling method for obtaining unprecedented tensions on liquids was used to determine the homogeneous nucleation limit for stretching of water at a variety of water densities. At densities in the range 0.55 to 0.68 gram per milliliter (g/ml), the data agree with the homogeneous nucleation temperatures measured by Skripov for superheated water at positive pressures. At densities between 0.68 and 0.93 g/ml, cavitation occurred only at negative pressures (that is, under tension). The cavitation tensions measured were in excellent agreement with those predicted by Fisher's 1948 vapor nucleation theory. A maximum tension of 140 megapascals (=1400 bars) was reached at 42 degrees C, which lies on an extrapolation of the line of isobaric density maxima. At higher densities, cavitation of droplets that survived heterogeneous nucleation failed to occur at all unless provoked, at much lower temperatures, by freezing. This observation confirms the existence of a density maximum at 42 degrees C and -140 megapascals and hence greatly strengthens the basis for Speedy's conjecture of a reentrant spinodal for water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, Q -- Durben, D J -- Wolf, G H -- Angell, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):829-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Water and solutions at negative pressure: Raman spectroscopic study to -80 megapascals (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Microscopic inclusions of aqueous fluids trapped in interstices in quartz and other crystals provide novel systems for the deliberate study of liquids under tension. Liquids under tension should differ in interesting ways from those at ambient pressure or compressed liquids because attractive, rather than repulsive, forces should dominate their behavior. Static tensions in excess of 100 megapascals (~1000 atmospheres) have been obtained reproducibly. Video-recorded observations of the final liquid rupture process, coupled with extrapolations of data at positive pressure, suggest that the homogeneous vapor nucleation point was reached in two of the cases studied. Raman spectra of the fluids at -80 megapascals show that an isothermal volume stretch of -5 percent by volume has only a weak effect on the spectral features and is similar to the effect of isobaric heating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, J L -- Durben, D J -- Wolf, G H -- Angell, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):649-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17831957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Solvent-free electrolytes with aqueous solution-like conductivities (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Aqueous solutions are generally assumed to be superior electrolytic conductors because of the unique dielectric and fluid properties of water. We show that their conductivities can be matched by liquid electrolytes that contain no solvent. These are proton transfer salts that are liquid at ambient temperature. The high conductivities are due to the high fluidity and ionicity rather than some sort of Grotthus mechanism, although in certain cases a mobile proton population may make a non-negligible contribution. The highest conductivities have been obtained when both cations and anions contain protons. At 25 degrees C, values of 〉150 millisiemens per centimeter (mS x cm(-1)) appear possible; at 100 degrees C, 470 mS x cm(-1) has been measured. Because of the combination of high ionicity and proton exchange kinetics with low vapor pressure, the systems we describe also make excellent fuel cell electrolytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Wu -- Angell, C Austen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):422-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Formation of glasses from liquids and biopolymers (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Glasses can be formed by many routes. In some cases, distinct polyamorphic forms are found. The normal mode of glass formation is cooling of a viscous liquid. Liquid behavior during cooling is classified between "strong" and "fragile," and the three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. Strong liquids become fragile liquids on compression. In some cases, such conversions occur during cooling by a weak first-order transition. This behavior can be related to the polymorphism in a glass state through a recent simple modification of the van der Waals model for tetrahedrally bonded liquids. The sudden loss of some liquid degrees of freedom through such first-order transitions is suggestive of the polyamorphic transition between native and denatured hydrated proteins, which can be interpreted as single-chain glass-forming polymers plasticized by water and cross-linked by hydrogen bonds. The onset of a sharp change in d〈r(2)〉dT(〈r(2)〉 is the Debye-Waller factor and T is temperature) in proteins, which is controversially indentified with the glass transition in liquids, is shown to be general for glass formers and observable in computer simulations of strong and fragile ionic liquids, where it proves to be close to the experimental glass transition temperature. The latter may originate in strong anharmonicity in modes ("bosons"), which permits the system to access multiple minima of its configuration space. These modes, the Kauzmann temperature T(K), and the fragility of the liquid, may thus be connected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angell, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1924-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17770101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Insights into phases of liquid water from study of its unusual glass-forming properties (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-02
    Description: The vitrification of pure water is compared with that of molecular solutions rich in water, and gross differences are noted. Thermodynamic reasoning and direct observations on noncrystallizing nanoconfined water indicate that the glass transition in ambient-pressure water is qualitatively distinct from that found in the usual molecular liquids. It belongs instead to the order-disorder class of transition seen in molecular and ionic crystalline materials. The distinctive "folding funnel" energy landscape for this type of system explains the extreme weakness of the glass transition of water as well as the consequent confusion that has characterized its scientific history; it also explains the very small excess entropy at the glass transition temperature. The relation of confined water behavior to that of bulk is discussed, and the "fragile-to-strong" transition for supercooled water is interpreted by adding a "critical point-free" scenario to the two competing scenarios for understanding supercooled bulk water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angell, C Austen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 1;319(5863):582-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1131939.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. caa@asu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Pressure enhancement of ion mobilities in liquid silicates from computer simulation studies to 800 kilobars (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: Ion dynamics computer simulation methods show that for many liquid silicates, like silica itself, the component diffusion coefficients show anomalous pressure dependences. This implies that their viscosities have negative pressure dependences. Overall, there is an interesting degree of analogy between the fundamental binary solutions of geochemistry and the aqueous solutions of common experience; however, due to the stronger bonding in silicate systems, the anomalies are much more persistent. Diffusivity maxima occur at pressures of 200 to 300 kilobars and are correlated with a prevalence of fivefold coordination of silicon ions. The relevance of these findings to planetary dynamics and thermophysical modeling problems is briefly considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angell, C A -- Cheeseman, P A -- Tamaddon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):885-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17807142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and thermodynamic basicities: UV spectra of thallium(1+), lead(2+), and bismuth(3+) in molten chloroaluminate titrations (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 3030-3035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00213a032
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamond cell study of pressure-induced coordination changes for nickel(II) in liquid chloride solvents (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 12 (1973), S. 1462-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50124a064
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