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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 24 (1953), S. 54-56 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The magnetic bays are divided into two classes according to their positive or negative directions ofH. As results from the analysis the characteristic main-current-vectors nothing definitive can be concluded from the behavior of theH-variations alone concerning the actual course of the ionospheric ribbon-current. Since theD-variations in their sizes correspond with theH-variations a correct picture of the positions can be only won after considerations of eather element. Thus almost similar current situations may exist in the ionosphere provided similarD-fluctuations showing different directions inH are effective. — Particularly to be mentioned is the fact that in many bays the maximum appears before that of theH-maximum and this is corresponding to the initial meridional-current which slowly turns into a zonalcurrent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die magnetischen Bais werden in zwei Klassen (I und II) eingeteilt, je nachdem sie positive oder negative Ausschlagsrichtung inH zeigen. Wie die Analysen der charakteristischen Hauptstromvektoren ergeben, kann man aus dem Verhalten derH-Variationen allein nichts über den tatsächlichen Verlauf des ionosphärischen Strombandes aussagen. Da dieD-Variationen größenordnungsmäßig denH-Variationen entsprechen, gewinnt man erst nach Berücksichtigung beider Elemente ein sicheres Bild der Stromverhältnisse. So können bei ähnlichenD-Schwankungen aber entgegengesetzten Ausschlägen inH fast gleiche Stromverhältnisse in der Ionosphäre existieren. — Bemerkenswert ist bei sehr vielen Bais das Einsetzen desD-Maximums vor dem desH-Maximums. Das entspricht einer anfänglich meridionalen Strömung, die allmählich in eine zonale einbiegt.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 27 (1954), S. 116-120 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In modern technique for recordings the directly visible drawing of geophysical processes is more and more used by means of electrical arrangements of transmission (amplifier). The photographic recording in the research of earth-magnetism could not be substituted with another method on account of its exactness. An electrical transmission at point-writers is only possible with differential-photocells. At the Observatory in Fürstenfeldbruck an arrangement for declination and horizontalintensity is now working since October 1953. TheH-variometer (byTöpfer) is compensated for temperature; theD-variometer was constructed at the Observatory and has a case of plexigum. The projecters furnished with special diaphragm lights up the variometers which throw equal clear rectangles of light at the cells. — The scalevalues are inD 0.70±0.03′, inH: 4.2±0.05 Gamma per pars. The arrangement is very usefull for prognosis of ionospheric disturbances.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der modernen Registriertechnik strebt man immer mehr danach mittels elektrischer Übertragungsanlagen (Verstärker) geophysikalische Vorgänge sofort sichtbar aufzuzeichnen. Bei der Erdmagnetik konnte die photographische Aufzeichnung wegen ihrer Genauigkeit durch keine andere Methode ersetzt werden. Eine elektrische Übertragung auf P. Schreiber ist nur mit Hilfe von Differential-Photozellen möglich. Am obigen Observatorium läuft seit Oktober 1953 eine Anlage für die Deklination und Horizontalintensität. DasH-Variometer (einTöpfer-Instrument) ist temperaturkompensiert; dasD-Variometer wurde am Observatorium hergestellt und besitzt ein Plexiglas-Gehäuse. Die mit besonderen Blenden ausgestatteten Projektoren beleuchten die Variometer, die gleichmäßig ausgeleuchtete Lichtrechtecke auf die Zellen werfen. — Die Skalenwerte betragen inD: 0.70′±0.03′, inH: 4.2±0.05 Gamma pro pars. Die Anlage erweist sich als sehr praktisch für die Prognose ionosphärischer Störungen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 19 (1951), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A short review of observations concerning the earth-current (E.C.), as carried out in Germany up to this day, is followed by a description of the corresponding installation set up in the Magnetic Observatory at Fürstenfeldbruck. The subsequent components of E.C. are recorded on colour-point-recorders: Magnetic East-West (distance of electrodes 176 yards), geographic E-W (165 yards) and geogr. South-North (165 yards). The Horizontal-Intensity is simultaneously recorded upon one of the two instruments by the use of differential-photoelements.—A remarkable point is the fact that the magnetic variations inH andD and the fluctuations of the perpendicular components of E.C. are congruent in the course of which different phases may be observed. The curves of the first derivation of the magnetic components coincide with those of the corresponding E.C.-components in its maximis and minimis whereby the magnetically produced part of said E.C. is proved to be the actual cause of induction. Another very striking fact is the difference of the amplitudes of the EW- and SN-Components in above mentioned E.C. showing a relation of 6∶1.—In applying the formulas of electric transformators to the currentsystems within the ionosphere and the earth one is likely to find a plausible explanation of those effects. To this very purpose the evident vector-diagrams for voltage-current in this earth physical phenomen are used.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach kurzer Betrachtung der seither in Deutschland durchgeführten Erdstrombeobachtungen wird die Anlage am Observatorium in Fürstenfeldbruck beschrieben. Folgende Erdstromkomponenten werden auf empfindlichen Farben-Punktschrieben. (Firma H & B) registriert: Magnetisch Ost-West (Elektrodenabstand 160 m), geographisch Ost-West (150 m) und geogr. Süd-Nord (150m). Gleichzeitig wird die Horizontalintensität über eine Differential-Photozelle auf einem der beiden Geräte mitgeschrieben.—Bemerkenswert ist die Uebereinstimmung der erdmagnetischen Variationen inH undD mit den Schwankungen der senkrecht dazu liegenden Erdstromkomponenten, wobei verschiedene Phasen zu beobachten sind. Die Kurven der ersten zeitlichen Ableitung der magnetischen Komponenten koinzidieren mit denen der entsprechenden Erdstromkomponenten in den Maximis und Minimis, was ein Beweis für die Induktionsursache des magnetisch bedingten Teils des Erdstroms ist. Auffallend ist der Unterschied der Amplituden der Ost-West- und Süd-Nord-Komponenten im Erdstrom (ES), die sich wie 6∶1 verhalten.—Die Beobachtungen über grosse Elektrodenentfernungen haben bei verschieden langen Variationsperioden in der Deutung zu Irrtümern Anlass gegeben. Durch Anwendung der Formeln der elektrischen Transformatoren auf die Stromsysteme in der Ionosphäre und in der Erde kann eine plausible Erklärung der Effekte gefunden werden. Zu diesem Zweck werden die anschaulichen Spannungs-Strom-Diagramme in Vektordarstellung für diese erdphysikalischen Erscheinungen angewandt.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 36 (1949), S. 372-373 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 36 (1949), S. 185-185 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-11-21
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: RNA interference (RNAi) is heritable in Caenorhabditis elegans; the progeny of C. elegans exposed to dsRNA inherit the ability to silence genes that were targeted by RNAi in the previous generation. Here we investigate the mechanism of RNAi inheritance in C. elegans. We show that exposure of animals to dsRNA results in the heritable expression of siRNAs and the heritable deposition of histone 3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me) marks in progeny. siRNAs are detectable before the appearance of H3K9me marks, suggesting that chromatin marks are not directly inherited but, rather, reestablished in inheriting progeny. Interestingly, H3K9me marks appear more prominently in inheriting progeny than in animals directly exposed to dsRNA, suggesting that germ-line transmission of silencing signals may enhance the efficiency of siRNA-directed H3K9me. Finally, we show that the nuclear RNAi (Nrde) pathway maintains heritable RNAi silencing in C. elegans. The Argonaute (Ago) NRDE-3 associates with heritable siRNAs and, acting in conjunction with the nuclear RNAi factors NRDE-1, NRDE-2, and NRDE-4, promotes siRNA expression in inheriting progeny. These results demonstrate that siRNA expression is heritable in C. elegans and define an RNAi pathway that promotes the maintenance of RNAi silencing and siRNA expression in the progeny of animals exposed to dsRNA.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1949-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1954-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1956-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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