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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Amazon River water at Barbados, W. Indies, by salinity and silicate measurements (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 14 (1972), S. 345-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salinity and silicate concentrations were studied at about fortnightly intervals for 21 months at a station near Barbados, W. Indies; latitude 13°15′ N, longitude 59°42′ W. A sensitive inverse correlation was found to exist at 5 and 25 m, but not at greater depths. Salinity near the surface varied between 33.5 and 36.0‰, and silicate between a little less than 1 and 4 μg at/l. Low salinity water, rich in silicate, was found from February to July; salinity increased and silicate decreased from September to December. It is argued that the low salinity water at Barbados can be identified with the areas of reduced salinity found by Ryther et al. (1967) about latitude 8° to 10° N, longitude 50° to 55° W, and that this water originates from the Amazon River. Local precipitation does not seem to be a significant factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic Effects of Strontium-90 on the Bone Marrow of the Chinese Hamster (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 761-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chinese hamsters were given intraperitoneal injections of 0, 02, 1, 2, 3 or 5 µCi 90Sr chloride or citrate/g body weight and were killed 2 or 14 days after injection. Four animals were given each dose for each period of time, but at 14 days after 2 and 5 µCi/g only three and one ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/219761a0
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  • 3
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    The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-21
    Description: The rapid growth of the use and disposal of plastic materials has proved to be a challenge for solid waste management systems with impacts on our environment and ocean. While recycling and the circular economy have been touted as potential solutions, upward of half of the plastic waste intended for recycling has been exported to hundreds of countries around the world. China, which has imported a cumulative 45% of plastic waste since 1992, recently implemented a new policy banning the importation of most plastic waste, begging the question of where the plastic waste will go now. We use commodity trade data for mass and value, region, and income level to illustrate that higher-income countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation have been exporting plastic waste (70% in 2016) to lower-income countries in the East Asia and Pacific for decades. An estimated 111 million metric tons of plastic waste will be displaced with the new Chinese policy by 2030. As 89% of historical exports consist of polymer groups often used in single-use plastic food packaging (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate), bold global ideas and actions for reducing quantities of nonrecyclable materials, redesigning products, and funding domestic plastic waste management are needed.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Identification of Amazon River water at Barbados, W. Indies, by salinity and silicate measurements (1972)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Cytogenetic Effects of Strontium-90 on the Bone Marrow of the Chinese Hamster (1968)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1968-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Effects of long-term exposure to elevated CO2 and increased nutrient supply on bracken (Pteridium aquilinum ) (1999)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0269-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2435
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Ecological Society.
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  • 7
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    Cellular effects of individual high-linear energy transfer particles and implications for tissue response at low doses (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The energy deposition patterns produced by the radiation environment in space can be quite different from those in conventional radiation environments. Furthermore, conventional radiation biological experiments, using randomly distributed particle tracks, cannot access some variables which may be important in determining the health effects of irradiation. Controlled microbeam irradiation provides the means to investigate the effects and unique energy deposition patterns and cell environment for a variety of end points.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Radiation research (ISSN 0033-7587); Volume 148; 5 Suppl; S108-14
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Biomarkers of exposure, sensitivity and disease (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: PURPOSE: This review is to evaluate the use of biomarkers as an indication of past exposure to radiation or other environmental insults, individual sensitivity and risk for the development of late occurring disease. OVERVIEW: Biomarkers can be subdivided depending on their applications. Markers of exposure and dose can be used to reconstruct and predict past accidental or occupational exposures when limited or no physical measurements were available. Markers of risk or susceptibility can help identify sensitivity individuals that are at increased risk for development of spontaneous disease and may help predict the increased risk in sensitive individuals associated with environmental or therapeutic radiation exposures. Markers of disease represent the initial cellular or molecular changes that occur during disease development. Each of these types of biomarkers serves a unique purpose. OUTLINE: This paper concentrates on biomarkers of dose and exposure and provides a brief review of biomarkers of sensitivity and disease. The review of biomarkers of dose and exposure will demonstrate the usefulness of biomarkers in evaluation of physical factors associated with radiation exposure, such as LET, doserate and dose distribution. It will also evaluate the use of biomarkers to establish relationships that exist between exposure parameters such as energy deposition, environmental concentration of radioactive materials, alpha traversals and dose. In addition, the importance of biological factors on the magnitude of the biomarker response will be reviewed. Some of the factors evaluated will be the influence of species, tissue, cell types and genetic background. The review will demonstrate that markers of sensitivity and disease often have little usefulness in dose-reconstruction and, by the same token, many markers of dose or exposure may not be applicable for prediction of sensitivity or risk.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: International journal of radiation biology (ISSN 0955-3002); Volume 75; 12; 1481-503
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Biomarkers of exposure and dose: state of the art (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Biomarkers provide methods to measure changes in biological systems and to relate them to environmental insults and disease processes. Biomarkers can be classified as markers of exposure and dose, markers of sensitivity, and markers of disease. It is important that the differences and applications of the various types of biomarkers be clearly understood. The military is primarily interested in early biomarkers of exposure and dose that do not require high levels of sensitivity but can be used to rapidly triage war fighters under combat or terrorist conditions and determine which, if any, require medical attention. Biomarkers of long-term radiation risk represent the second area of interest for the military. Biomarkers of risk require high sensitivity and specificity for the disease and insult but do not require rapid data turnaround. Biomarkers will help provide information for quick command decisions in the field, characterise long-term troop risks and identify early stages of radiation-induced diseases. This information provides major positive reassurances about individual exposures and risk that will minimise the physical and psychological impact of wartime radiation exposures.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Radiation protection dosimetry (ISSN 0144-8420); Volume 97; 1; 39-46
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Induction and repair of HZE induced cytogenetic damage (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Wistar rats were exposed to high-mass, high energy (HZE) 56Fe particles (1000 GeV/AMU) using the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The animals were sacrificed at 1-5 hours or after a 30-day recovery period. The frequency of micronuclei in the tracheal and the deep lung epithelial cells were evaluated. The relative effectiveness of 56Fe, for the induction of initial chromosome damage in the form of micronuclei, was compared to damage produced in the same biological system exposed to other types of high and low-LET radiation. It was demonstrated that for animals sacrificed at short times after exposure, the tracheal and lung epithelial cells, the 56Fe particles were 3.3 and 1.3 times as effective as 60Co in production of micronuclei, respectively. The effectiveness was also compared to that for exposure to inhaled radon. With this comparison, the 56Fe exposure of the tracheal epithelial cells and the lung epithelial cells were only 0.18 and 0.20 times as effective as radon in the production of the initial cytogenetic damage. It was suggested that the low relative effectiveness was related to potential for 'wasted energy' from the core of the 56Fe particles. When the animals were sacrificed after 30 days, the slopes of the dose-response relationships, which reflect the remaining level of damage, decreased by a factor of 10 for both the tracheal and lung epithelial cells. In both cases, the slope of the dose-response lines were no longer significantly different from zero, and the r2 values were very high. Lung epithelial cells, isolated from the animals sacrificed hours after exposure, were maintained in culture, and the micronuclei frequency evaluated after 4 and 6 subcultures. These cells were harvested at 24 and 36 days after the exposure. There was no dose-response detected in these cultures and no signs of genomic instability at either sample time.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) (ISSN 1120-1797); Volume 17 Suppl 1; 183-4
    Format: text
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