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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filipin, an Antifungal Antibiotic: Isolation and Properties (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 4799-4801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01623a032
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How sensitive is the light microscope for observations on microorganisms in natural habitats? (1984)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 10 (1984), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical calculations based on the depth of field of standard microscope objectives and the visual acuity of normal observors show that direct microscopy of natural samples is rarely able to reveal the presence of small microorganisms at the densities found in natural systems. Over-estimation of the importance of bacterial aggregates is also likely from an uncritical use of light microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015555
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halophilic-blue-green algae (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Halophilism ; Blue-green alga ; Cyanobacteria ; Aphanotece halophytica ; Salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of a halophilic blue-green alga, Aphanothece halophytica, from Great Salt Lake is described. The organism was cultured from waters with salinities up to saturated NaCl (about 30% w/v). It has an optimum salinity for growth of about 16% NaCl, but can grow very slowly even in saturated NaCl. Based on the study of the Great Salt Lake organism, and on a review of the earlier literature, it is concluded that despite recent reports to the contrary, true halophilic blue-green algae do exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427875
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope studies on Leucothrix mucor (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 66 (1969), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic studies of thin sections of filaments, knots, resettes, gonidia, and gonidial-forming filaments of Leucothrix mucor were carried out. The cell wall is typical of gram-negative bacteria, with a double outer layer of variable thickness, a single thin middle layer which is probably peptidoglycan, and a double inner layer which is the cell membrane. The transverse septa of these filaments show two peptidoglycan layers, and no clearly demarked outer layer. During gonidial formation, there is a gradual rounding up of the cells, and the transverse septa become part of the gonidial wall. The cell membrane contains many invaginations, both along the outer wall and along the transverse septa. Thin sections through rosettes show the holdfast as material which is a heavily-staining amorphous material peripheral to the outer wall layer. Sections through knots show highly contorted cell walls, closely appressed. Fibrillar nuclear material, ribosomes, and storage granules can be seen within the cytoplasmic matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414666
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The upper temperature limit of Cyanidium caldarium (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 72 (1970), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Field observations of the natural habitats, the temperature maximum for 14CO2 incorporation of natural populations, and the temperature maximum for the growth of cultures of Cyanidium caldarium indicate that the upper temperature limit for C. caldarium is 55–60°C. These results are not compatible with the description of C. caldarium as an extreme thermophile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409031
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population ecology of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Temperature ; Acie Environments ; Elemental Sulfur Oxidation ; Yellowstone National Park ; Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ; Population Ecology ; Thermophile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Optimal temperatures for elemental sulfur oxidation were determined for Sulfolobus acidocaldarius populations in a variety of hot, acid springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Cultures were obtained from some of the springs by enrichment and isolation at different incubation temperatures, and the optimal temperatures for these were also determined. The optimum temperature for sulfur oxidation was the same as that for 14CO2 incorporation and for the rate of growth of several isolates. For populations in springs of 57–80°C, the optimal temperatures were either equal to or higher than the habitat temperature. However, the optima for bacteria in the high-temperature springs (90–92°C) were considerably lower than the observed habitat temperature, suggesting an inability to adapt to temperatures near boiling. These results, as well as the properties of the bacteria isolated from the sites, suggest that a limited number of temperature strains of Sulfolobus exist in nature. A mixture of strains occurred at several of the sites, pointing to an unexpected heterogeneity in these well-mixed springs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population ecology of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermophile ; Acidophile ; Yellowstone National Park ; Immunofluorescence ; Immunodiffusion ; Hot Spring ; Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ; Population Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ecology of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was studied in situ by the use of the immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion techniques. The fluorescent antibodies (FA) prepared against four strains of Sulfolobus were highly reactive against their homologous antigens. Two of the FA's were strain specific and the other two exhibited reciprocal corssreactions against each other's antigens, but immunodiffusion patterns showed that the two strains were not identical. The growth of a serologically distinct isolate in a hot spring was measured by immunofluorescence staining of immersion slides. On glass immersion slides Sulfolobus grew and formed colonies with a mean-doubling time of approximately 36 h. Immunofluorescence was applied to study the geographical distribution of two serologically different strains and to establish population composition of individual springs. One strain was found in all sites studied, and most springs contained more than one serologic type. Immunodiffusion was capable of detecting specific Sulfolobus antigens in hot springs which contained a high population of FA-reactive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403057
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfolobus: A new genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria living at low pH and high temperature (1972)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 84 (1972), S. 54-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sulfolobus is a new genus of bacteria characterized as follows: 1. generally spherical cells producing frequent lobes; 2. facultative autotrophy with growth on sulfur or on a variety of simple organic compounds; 3. unusual cell wall structure devoid of peptidoglycan; 4. acidophilic, pH optimum of 2–3 and range from 0.9–5.8; 5. thermophilic with temperature optimum of 70–75°C and range from 55–80°C (one strain grew at 85°C). The DNA base composition of five strains was determined by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation and found to be 60–68% guanine plus cytosine. Sulfolobus apparently has no close relationship with any previously described bacteria, either heterotrophic or autrotrophic. Techniques are presented for distinguishing Sulfolobus from Thermoplasma, another genus of acidophilic thermophilic spherically shaped organisms. Sulfolobus has been isolated from a variety of natural acidic thermal habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic. Most isolations have been from habitats in Yellowstone National Park, but strains were also isolated from Italy, Dominica and El Salvador. It is suggested that Sulfolobus may be an important geochemical agent in the production of sulfuric acid from sulfur in high temperature hydrothermal systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408082
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional studies on Chloroflexus, a filamentous photosynthetic, gliding bacterium (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Filamentous, Photosynthetic Bacteria ; Nutritional Studies ; Gliding Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutritional studies on four different strains of Chloroflexus, a new genus of filamentous, photosynthetic bacteria are described. This organism appears to be related to several different procaryotic groups, and in particular to the green sulfur bacteria and blue-green algae. Unlike these autotrophs, however, Chloroflexus is nutritionally diverse, being able to grow aerobically as a light-independent heterotroph, and anaerobically as a photoautotroph or photoheterotroph. Numerous organic carbon sources including hexoses, amino acids, short chain fatty acids, organic acids, and some alcohols are utilized under various growth conditions. These results suggest that this organism may be among the most nutritionally versatile organisms known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446309
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Requirement of low oxidation-reduction potential for photosynthesis in a blue-green alga (Phormidium sp.) (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; Blue-Green Alga ; Phormidium sp. ; Oxidation-Reduction Potential ; Sulfide ; Hot Spring ; Stronatolite ; Anaerobiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthesis in a Phormidium species which forms dense conical-shaped structures in thermal springs is strongly inhibited by aeration but is stimulated by sulfide and other agents (cysteine, thioglycolate, sulfite) which lower the oxidation-reduction potential. The compact structures which this alga forms in nature may restrict oxygen penetration from the environment so that the anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions necessary for photosynthesis can develop. The alga may be defective in a regulatory mechanism that controls the reoxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides formed during photosynthesis. It is suggested that other mat-forming and benthic blue-green algae may also prefer anaerobic conditions for growth and photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447293
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