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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 7 (1991), S. 191-226 
    ISSN: 0743-4634
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 14 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A glycoprotein which occludes intercellular spaces in the inner cortex of legume nodules may be involved in controlling oxygen diffusion into rhizobial-infected cells. Here we investigated this possibility by localizing the glycoprotein using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold labelling in nodulated roots of soybean cv. Clarke inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain RCR3442 exposed to atmospheres with either 10, 21 (control) or 40% oxygen for 28d. Infected cells showed evidence of premature senescence when grown in above or below ambient pO2 particularly at 10% oxygen, although cortical cells appeared to be little altered by oxygen treatment. In the inner cortical cells, more glycoprotein was seen to be occluding intercellular spaces of those nodules subjected to 40% oxygen and less in those nodules exposed to 10% oxygen, when compared to controls. This observation, made at the light microscope level (using silver enhancement) was confirmed under the TEM using immunogold labelling. Therefore, it is suggested that intercellular space glycoprotein is one of the structural components of the diffusion resistance in the cortex of legume nodules.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Following treatment with nitrosoguanidine, mutant derivatives of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 3841 were isolated which failed to react with AFRC MAC 203. This monoclonal antibody normally recognizes a strain-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope which is developmentally regulated during legume nodule differentiation. Structural modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analysed by examining reactivity with a range of monoclonal antibodies with different epitope specificities, and also by analysis of LPS mobility changes after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. One class of these LPS-defective mutants induced normal nitrogen-fixing (Fix+) nodules on peas (Pisum sativum), while another two classes of Fix- mutants were also identified, suggesting that a component of the LPS antigen that is part of the MAC 203 epitope is essential for normal nodule development leading to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. When grown under low-oxygen or low-pH culture conditions, one class of Fix- mutants completely lacked LPS-1 (the species that carries O antigen) and a second class showed a modified and truncated form of LPS-1. Mutants with defective LPS structure were also obtained after Tn5 mutagenesis of R leguminosarum 3841 and all nine Fix- mutants were also found to lack the MAC 203 epitope. Three of these transposon-induced mutants synthesized a truncated form of LPS-1 that was structurally similar to that of the class of the NTG-induced mutants described above. These transposon-induced mutations, and the nitrosoguanidine-induced Fix- mutations, were closely linked and could be suppressed by the same cloned fragment of chromosomal DNA. The data presented here suggest that a precondition for normal nodule development of R. leguminosarum 3841 within pea nodules is the ability to synthesize relatively long-chain LPS–1 macromolecules under the physiological conditions encountered within the nodule. All mutants that lacked the ability to elongate LPS-1 macromolecules also failed to express the MAC 203 epitope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nodulation ability is plasmid-determined in R. leguminosarum9'12 and several determinants for nodule formation and function may be carried on a single plasmid11'15. We therefore attempted to transfer determinants for nodulation ability from strain 128C53, a Hup+ field isolate of R. ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycoprotein ; Infection thread matrix glycoprotein ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Monoclonal antibody ; Pisum (root nodule) ; Plasma membrane glycoprotein ; Rhizobium ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant and bacterial antigens contributing to nodule development and symbiosis in pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots were identified after isolation of a set of monoclonal antibody (McAb)-producing hybridoma lines. Rats were immunised with the peribacteriod material released by mild osmotic shock treatment from membrane-enclosed bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae. In order to diversify the range of McAb specificities, this material was either used as immunogen directly (method 1), or after immunodepletion of a set of glycoprotein and lipopolysaccharide antigens (method 2), or after deglycosylation (method 3). After fusion and screening of cloned hybridoma lines, these three immunisation methods gave respectively 4, 2 and 1 classes of McAb with unique antigen specificities. Ultrastructural immunogold localisation studies showed four different antigens to be present on peribacteriod and plasma membranes (identified by MAC 64, 202, 206 or 209); in addition, a glycoprotein of plant origin but present in the infection-thread matrix was identified by MAC 204. Although none of the epitopes recognised by these McAb was nodule-specific, several were found to be more abundant in extracts of nodule tissue than in uninfected roots (MAC 64, 202, 204, 206). Two McAb reacted with new bacterial antigens: MAC 203 identified a bacterial antigen expressed upon infection but not in free-living cultures of Rhizobium, and MAC 115 identified a bacterial polypeptide (55 kdaltons) that was present in both free-living and bacteroid forms. There were also some McAb of broader specificity that react with antigens present in both plant and bacterial cytoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin and nodulation ; Pisum (nodulation) ; Plasmid ; Rhizobium ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been identified in the culture medium of nodulating and non-nodulating strains of Rhizobium lebuminosarum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The levels of IAA produced by the different strains have been quantified using multiple ion monitoring and a deuterated internal standard. Indole-3-acetic acid is produced in the absence of exogenous tryptophan in all strains but its level is greatly stimulated by applied tryptophan. No correlation has been established between the ability to nodulate peas and the ability to produce IAA.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 350-355 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cytokinin ; Root nodules ; Pisum ; Rhizobium ; Ti prasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cytokinin content of roots and nodules of pea and the culture supernatants from two strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum has been examined. Roots, nodules and wild-type Rhizobium culture medium contained very little cytokinin as indicated by bioassay. Chemical ionisation gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the isopentenyladenine content of the culture medium from the Rhizobium strains confirmed that the content of the wild-type was low (approx. 1 ng dm-3) but that it was increased by the introduction of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid into the Rhizobium strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Selection was made for the transposition of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn5 from a location on the chromosome of R. leguminosarum into a transmissible, bacteriocinogenic plasmid that also carries genes required for the induction of nitrogen-fixing nodules on peas. One hundred and sixty independent insertions into transmissible plasmids were isolated. When these plasmids were transferred by conjugation into a non-nodulating strain, which carries a deletion in one of its resident plasmids, of the 160 isolates tested 14 yielded transconjugants that formed nodules that did not fix nitrogen (Fix-) and in a further 15 cases the transconjugants were unable to form nodules (were Nod-). When transferred to a symbiotically proficient strain (i.e. Nod+ Fix+) none of the transconjugants was symbiotically defective; thus the mutations were not dominant. When kan was transduced from the clones that generated Fix- transconjugants into a Fix+ recipient the majority of transductants inherited Fix- indicating that the insertion of Tn5 had induced the symbiotic mutations. Transduction of kan, from the clones that failed to donate Nod+ by conjugation to strain 6015, occurred at barely detectable frequencies and it was not possible to demonstrate transduction of Nod-. kan was co-transduced with Nod+ from some of the clones and some of these transductants also inherited the ability to produce medium bacteriocin and to transfer at high frequency by conjugation. Thus the genes for all these characters are closely linked.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some primitive pea lines, e.g. cultivar Afghanistan, are resistant to nodulation by most strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum. However the Turkish strain TOM can nodulate cv. Afghanistan in addition to commercial pea varieties, and this extended host range is a property of its symbiotic plasmid, pRL5JI. A gene bank was constructed using DNA from a strain of R. leguminosarum containing pRL5JI. Following transfer to a strain of R. leguminosarum that had been cured of its symbiotic plasmid, two derivatives were isolated that contained cloned nodulation determinants, and were able to nodulate both cv. Afghanistan and a commercial pea variety. In addition, these clones conferred the ability to nodulate peas to a strain of R. phaseoli that had been previously cured of its symbiotic plasmid. One of these clones was subjected to mutagenesis with transposon Tn5, and 11 mutants were identified that were affected in nodulation ability. The sites of Tn5 insertions were mapped using restriction endonucleases and all were found to be within a region of 5 kb. The mutants fell into three classes on the basis of their map positions and their phenotypes on the two different pea lines tested. One class of mutants was affected in gene functions that were common to the nodulation of both pea hosts; a second class was impaired specifically in the nodulation of the commercial pea variety; a third class of mutant failed to confer on a ‘normal’ strain of R. leguminosarum the supplementary ability to nodulate cv. Afghanistan.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1982-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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