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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 803-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04338
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dog as a cancer model (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1065-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: The dog has long been used as a model in drug discovery and development research because of its similarities to human anatomy and physiology, particularly with respect to the cardiovascular, urogenital, nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Compared with other animal models, it may ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0906-1065b
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization and Characterization of Nucleotide Sequences From the Canine Y Chromosome (1999)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 7 (1999), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: dog ; FISH ; microsatellite ; Y chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We previously reported the identification of a male-specific 658-bp DNA sequence in dogs. We used a specific primer pair designed for PCR amplification of this fragment with DNA samples from 238 dogs, 6 dingoes and 12 wolves. All 133 male samples amplified the 658-bp sequence, whereas all female samples did not. The sequence was not amplified from male DNA samples representing other wild canids (jackals, coyotes, foxes). A lambda phage was isolated from a canine male genomic library that contained an insert of approximately 15 kb of canine genomic DNA, including the male- specific 658-bp sequence. This lambda phage was used in fluorescence in-situ hybridization experiments. It hybridized to the canine Y chromosome together with a lambda clone containing a segment of the SRY gene and a cosmid clone containing a portion of the pseudoautosomal region. The male-specific 658-bp sequence was located at the end opposite to the pseudoautosomal region while the SRY gene sequence hybridized near the centromere. Additionally, two (CA)-repeat sequences were identified in the lambda clone that contained the 658-bp sequence. Specific primer pairs were designed to amplify each of the repeats. Primer pair MS34 amplified three different alleles from 13 unrelated canine male DNA samples with a PIC value of 0.40. Primer pair MS41 amplified five alleles with a PIC value of 0.71. These microsatellites are the first reported polymorphic sequences in the dog located in the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009203500926
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DAPI Banded Karyotype of the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Generated Using Chromosome-Specific Paint Probes (1999)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 7 (1999), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: chromosome ; chromosome painting ; dog ; karyotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is widely used as a model in the study of human disease. However, many of the 78 chromosomes comprising the canine karyotype are extremely difficult to identify reliably by classical cytogenetics. This has been a major hindrance to molecular cytogenetic studies of this species. The Animal Health Trust and the Sanger Centre have developed a set of canine whole chromosome-specific fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) probes (chromosome paints). We have used these chromosome paints to identify unequivocally each chromosome in a metaphase spread. An increasing number of laboratories are making use of cooled CCD cameras and sophisticated software for FISH mapping. Consequently, there is a major trend towards the use of DAPI banding for concurrent chromosome identification during FISH analyses in a range of species. Here we present, for the first time, a complete DAPI banded karyotype of the dog in which each chromosome has been accurately placed, together with a 460-band DAPI ideogram. These data will facilitate the accurate assignment of FISH- mapped loci to all chromosomes comprising the karyotype and form the basis for an agreed standard of the dog karyotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009224232134
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis and chromosomal assignment of the canine CALC-I/α-CGRP gene (2000)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 11 (2000), S. 736-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have isolated a recombinant phage harboring the canine CALC-I/α-CGRP gene. The gene spans a region of approx. 5.3 kb and consists of six exons with sizes ranging from 95 bp (exon 2) and 494 bp (exon 4). By alternative splicing, two transcripts with ORFs of 390 and 384 nt are generated. These encode either the 32-amino acid-long hormone calcitonin (CALC) or the neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) with a length of 37 amino acids after proteolytic processing of precursor molecules. The canine calcitonin precursor consists of 130 amino acids with a molecular mass of 14.05 kDa and a statistical pI of 8.0, whereas the deduced α-CGRP precursor harbors 128 amino acids with a molecular mass of 13.87 kDa and a statistical pI of 8.6. Both polypeptides have a common N-terminal region of 76 amino acids that is encoded by exons 2 and 3 and separated by different eight (CALC) or six (α-CGRP) amino acid spacers from the biologically active polypeptide. The CALC-I/α-CGRP gene is a member of the calcitonin gene family and was assigned to chromosome CFA 16q25.1. A comparative analysis of different dog breeds revealed a breed-specific allelic d(CAGGAG)-hexanucleotide expansion in exon 3. This expansion results in an elongation of the common N-terminal region by two amino acids (glutamine-glutamic acid) and alters the molecular mass to 14.31 kDa (pI 7.9) and 14.13 kDa (pI 8.5) of the calcitonin and α-CGRP precursor, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003350010157
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization and chromosomal assignment of the canine protein C gene (1999)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 10 (1999), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Protein C is a precursor to a serine protease present in the plasma that plays an important physiological role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Mutations in the human protein C gene have been linked to some cases of Morbus Perthes disease, a thrombophilic condition that results in aseptic necrosis of the femur head and neck. We have cloned the canine protein C gene to investigate whether Morbus Perthes disease in dogs is also caused by mutations within this gene. A genomic λFIXII clone was isolated, and 11,420 bp of DNA sequence were determined containing the complete protein C gene (Acc No. AJ001979). As in humans, the gene consists of nine exons with the translation start codon located in the second exon. The 1.7-kb mRNA contains a 1368-bp open reading frame coding for 456 amino acids. With the genomic protein C clone as a probe in a FISH experiment, the canine protein C gene was assigned to Chromosome (Chr) 19q21-q22. To search for possible mutations, we amplified genomic DNA from one healthy and 15 clinically and pathohistologically confirmed Morbus Perthes patients. Sequence analysis did not reveal any amino acid differences between the affected dogs and the normal control. Several nucleotide polymorphisms were detected, which however, did not result in an amino acid exchange. From these data we conclude that in contrast to human, canine Morbus Perthes disease is most likely not caused by mutations within the protein C gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359900958
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical and physical assignments of equine microsatellites—first integration of anchored markers in horse genome mapping (1997)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 8 (1997), S. 267 -273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Twenty equine microsatellites were isolated from a genomic phage library, and their genetical and physical localization was sought by linkage mapping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Nineteen of the markers were found to be polymorphic with, in most cases, heterozygosities exceeding 50%. The markers were mapped in a Swedish reference family for gene mapping, comprising eight half-sib families from Standardbred and Icelandic horse sires. Segregation was analyzed against a set of 35 other markers typed in the pedigree. Thirteen of the microsatellites showed linkage to at least one other marker, with a total of 21 markers being involved in these linkages. In parallel, 18 of the microsatellites could be assigned to their chromosomal region by FISH. These assignments involved eight equine autosomes: ECA1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 15, and 16. The genetical and physical mappings revealed by this study represent a significant extension of the current knowledge of the equine genome map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359900407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal localization of acidic and basic keratin genes of the domestic dog (1999)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 10 (1999), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Our laboratories are interested in characterizing genes involved in the myriad of heritable diseases affecting the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, and in development of detailed genetic and physical maps of the canine genome. Included in these efforts is examination of conservation of the genetic organization, structure, and function of gene families involved in diseases of the canine skin, skeleton, and eye. To that end, study of the highly conserved keratin gene family was undertaken. Keratins belong to the superfamily of intermediate filaments and are the major structural proteins of the epidermis, hair, and nail. The keratins are highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution both at the DNA and amino acid sequence levels. Mutations in genes encoding epithelial keratins are known to cause various diseases in humans, and similar histopathological presentations have been reported in the dog. The keratins are divided into two groups, type I (acidic) and type II (basic). In the human, the genes encoding the acidic and basic keratins are clustered on Chrs 17 and 12, respectively. The same genetic arrangement is seen in the mouse with the acidic and basic keratin gene clusters found on Chrs 11 and 15, respectively. Reported here are the chromosomal localization of acidic and basic canine keratin genes as well as supportive sequence data. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments with clones isolated from a canine genomic library suggest that the acidic keratin gene cluster resides on CFA9 and the basic keratin gene cluster is located on CFA27.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359901004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the canine gene encoding transcription factor Pit-1 and its exclusion as candidate gene in a canine model of pituitary dwarfism (2000)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 11 (2000), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of German shepherd dogs characterized primarily by dwarfism. In mice and humans a similar genetic disorder has been described that results from an alteration in the gene encoding the transcription factor Pit-1. In this study we characterized the canine Pit-1 gene, determined the chromosomal localization of the Pit-1 gene, and screened dwarf German shepherd dogs for the presence of mutations in this gene. The full-length canine Pit-1 cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding 291 amino acids, 92 bp of 5′-untranslated region, and 1959 bp of 3′-untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous with Pit-1 of other mammalian species. Using a Pit-1 BAC clone as probe, the Pit-1 gene was mapped by FISH to canine Chromosome (Chr) 31. In dwarf German shepherd dogs a C to A transversion was detected, causing a Phe (TTC) to Leu (TTA) substitution at codon 81. This alteration was present neither in other canine breeds analyzed nor in other mammalian species. However, healthy German shepherd dogs were also homozygous for the mutant allele, indicating that it is not the primary disease-causing mutation. In addition, linkage analysis of polymorphic DNA markers flanking the Pit-1 gene, 41K19 and 52L05, revealed no co-segregation between the Pit-1 locus and the CPHD phenotype. These findings suggest that a gene other than Pit-1 is responsible for the pituitary anomaly in dwarf German shepherd dogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003350010006
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  • 10
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    A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-26
    Description: Elephantids are the world’s most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an ∼120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant’s ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for ∼500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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