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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide-sequence analysis indicates that a DNA plasmid in a diseased isolate of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is derived by recombination between two long repeat sequences in the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (1995)
    Springer
    Current genetics 28 (1995), S. 54-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: DNA plasmid ; Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ; Mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a mitochondrial plasmid (2234 bp) in a diseased isolate of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and sequences of the mitochondrial DNA that overlap and flank the plasmid end-points, have been determined. The plasmid was shown to be derived from the O. novo-ulmi mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene and contained most of intron 1, the whole of exon 2, and probably the first part of intron 2. Within intron 1 there is an open reading frame with the potential to encode a 323 amino-acid polypeptide which contained dodecapeptide sequences typical of RNA maturases and DNA endonucleases. The endpoints of the plasmid in the mtDNA were located within two 90-bp direct imperfect repeat sequences, one of which comprised the last 7 bp of exon 1 and the first 83 bp of intron 1 whilst the other comprised the last 7 bp of exon 2 and the first 83 bp of intron 2. It is proposed that the Ld plasmid was generated by intramolecular recombination between these two repeats with the crossover point probably within the last 15 bp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311881
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary Biology of Phytophthora (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 30 (1992), S. 153-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.001101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary Biology of Phytophthora Part II: Phylogeny, Speciation, and Population Structure (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 30 (1992), S. 173-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.001133
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly fertile form of the aggressive strain of Ceratocystis ulmi (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 128-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Production of perithecia in C. ulmi usually requires the pairing of the two mating or compatibility types, A and B (ref. 2). During routine screening of wild isolates of the aggressive strain for compatibility type, after the method of Holmes3, autoclaved peeled elm twigs were dipped first in shake ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/257128a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First outbreak of Phytophthora ramorum in England, on Viburnum tinus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 52 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00835.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro leaf inoculation studies as an indication of tree foliage susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum in the UK (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Leaves of 11 coniferous and 23 broad-leaved tree species important to UK forestry were tested for their susceptibility to the quarantine pathogen Phytophthora ramorum using a detached leaf assay. Two European and two USA isolates were used. Wounded and unwounded leaves were dipped in zoospore suspensions during summer; conifers were also tested in winter. Successful infection of tissue and amount of necrosis were assessed. Highly susceptible broad-leaved hosts included Aesculus hippocastanum, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus ilex, Ulmus procera and, to a lesser extent, Castanea sativa, Q. cerris and Q. petraea, together with Umbellularia californica and rhododendrons. Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Prunus avium, Q. robur, Q. rubra and Q. suber showed consistently low susceptibility. Conifer species including Abies procera, Picea abies, P. sitchensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Sequoia sempervirens and Tsuga heterophylla were also susceptible. Pseudotsuga menziesii and A. procera were severely affected. Pinus contorta, P. nigra var. maritima and P. sylvestris were virtually resistant, while Taxus baccata was only slightly affected. Increased necrosis was apparent on leaves that were wounded prior to inoculation. These results extend the known range of trees that P. ramorum is able to attack and confirm its relative host-nonspecificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01243.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of thirteen d-factors as potential biological control agents of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirteen d-factors varied in their ability to reduce the conidial viability of healthy EAN or NAN race isolates of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in vitro, causing mild (c. 7–30%), moderate (c. 60–75%) or severe (c. 80–90%) reductions. The influence of the same d-factors on the persistence of O. novo-ulmi isolates in the natural infection court, and on xylem infection of the susceptible Ulmus procera, was investigated under field conditions in artificial feeding grooves. Both persistence and xylem infection levels were consistently reduced. The effects again varied considerably with different d-factors, which could be ranked within a continuum, ranging from a minimal effect exerted by d1 anda mild effect by d4; to those with a moderate effect, d5, d6, d7, d8, d10, d11, d12 and d13; and those with a severe effect, d2, d3 and d9. On the moderately resistant U. × hollandica cv. ‘Commelin’, the severe d-factors d2 and d9 again markedly reduced persistence of O. novo-ulmi in the feeding groove and increased the spore threshold for xylem infection from c. 5000 with a healthy isolate to c. 50 000–500 000 spores. When healthy EAN isolate P114 was infected with a range of different d-factors, xylem infection frequency following inoculation of U. procera with 10 000 spores was positively correlated with both the level of conidial viability and germ tube vigour in vitro, and hence was negatively correlated with the severity of the d-factors involved. The potential of d-factors for the biological control of Dutch elm disease is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-62.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual Phytophthora associated with widespread alder mortality in Britain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: During 1993 and 1994 an unusual Phytophthora was consistently isolated from bark lesions at the stem bases of dying alder in Southern Britain. The Phytophthora resembles P. cambivora in both its gametangial and sporangial morphology. However, it is distinct from this species in being homothallic rather than outcrossing; in producing a significant proportion of small and sometimes partially developed oogonia; in having a high frequency of oosphere abortion; in having an appressed felty colony type with little or no aerial mycelium; and in exhibiting a lower optimum temperature for growth (c.22-5°C) and lower growth temperature maximum (c.29°C) on carrot agar than P. cambivora (c.27-5° and 33-5°C respectively). An inoculation test confirmed its pathogenicity to Alnus. The status of the alder Phytophthora is discussed. On the basis of its unusual characteristics and unusual host it is suggested that it might be a new or recently introduced organism rather than a previously unrecorded indigenous variant of P. cambivora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02658.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies to specific components of the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The potential of polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies to differentiate the EAN and NAN aggressive subgroups of Ophiostoma ulmi was explored. Polyclonal antisera, when tested by ELISA, cross-reacted widely with unrelated species and failed to distinguish between the two aggressive subgroups but small quantitative differences were found, particularly between antigens secreted overnight, by EAN and NAN germlings. Monoclonal antibodies were raised in mice against mycelial homogenates. From two fusions, 33 cell lines were raised that secreted antibodies positive for O. ulmi. Approximately one third were non-specific; 11 were specific either to species or subspecies. Two cell lines differentiated mycelial antigens of the aggressive isolates of O. ulmi from those of the non-aggressive subgroup, but not antigens from surface washings. Only quantitative differences were detected between the EAN and NAN aggressive subgroups. Almost all the monoclonal antibodies and antiserum recognized antigens present in surface washings of cultures on solid medium, in cell-free extracts of mycelial homogenates, in cell-free culture fluids, and in substances secreted overnight by germinating spores. Specific detection of such molecules promises to provide a highly sensitive mechanism for studying early pathogen/host plant interactions. Most of the monoclonal antibodies appeared to have potential diagnostic value; they gave readings twofold to tenfold higher with extracts from diseased than from healthy tissue. However, one cell line that secreted antibodies specific to O. ulmi cross-reacted strongly with extracts of healthy tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01422.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive correlations between in vitro growth rate and pathogenesis in Ophiostoma ulmi (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In vitro radial growth rate was found to be positively correlated with pathogenicity in two experiments involving NAN aggressive isolates of O. ulmi. One of the correlations was detected in a sample of B mating-type, but not in equivalent A mating-type isolates. Another was detected in a sample of pathogenic phase, but not in comparable saprophytic phase isolates. The significance of these results for the vascular wilt syndrome and population biology of O. ulmi is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1987.tb02263.x
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