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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 33 (1990), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: 63Sn/37Pb solder ; transfer soldering ; liquid-alloy oxidation ; electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract 63Sn/37Pb is a common solder used in the electronics industry. The oxidation of this alloy on a soldering iron in air follows the parabolic rate law from 204–454°C and 0–600 sec. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the scale thickness, composition, and morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5756-5764 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of fatigue-induced slip patterns on the surface of polycrystalline gold (+99.9%) using the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) are presented. The samples were cycled in four-point bending between zero and 0.0025 strain for 250 and 2500 cycles. STM observations of the sample fatigued for 250 cycles revealed broad slip bands 0.38–0.69 μm wide containing narrow slip bands 0.015–0.123 μm wide and fine slip lines 0.006 μm wide. The depth of these features are 20–57 nm for broad slip bands, 3–7 nm for narrow slip bands, and approximately 2–4 nm for fine slip lines. The sample fatigued for 2500 cycles showed similar values for the width of the slip bands and slip lines except that their depth was increased by a factor of between 2 and 4 times for the narrow slip bands and the fine slip lines. Apparent persistent slip bands (PSBs) spaced 2.4 μm, 300–500 nm deep were also observed. These results demonstrate that STM is a significant new tool for observing and distinguishing various types of fatigue-induced surface slip patterns on suitably prepared samples. The vertical resolution obtained with STM is vastly superior to current SEM and TEM methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A process has been developed for diffusion-bonding identical beryllium-copper alloy, 1.8 to 2.0 wt% Be, which has produced bond strengths comparable to that of the bulk. Bonding resulted from self-diffusion between two Be-Cu samples, brought into intimate contact and heated in a high vacuum. Metallurgical analyses of the diffusion bonds revealed the bond interface to be a continuous high-angle planar boundary. The analyses also revealed that oxides were present at the interface after bonding. The agreement between the experimental results and a theoretical model for diffusion-bonding of pure copper, derived by Hill and Wallach, was good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A process has been developed for diffusion-bonding identical beryllium-copper alloy, 1.8 to 2.0 wt% Be, which has produced bond strengths comparable to that of the bulk. Bonding resulted from self-diffusion between two Be-Cu samples, brought into intimate contact and heated in a high vacuum. Metallurgical analyses of the diffusion bonds revealed the bond interface to be a continuous high-angle planar boundary. The analyses also revealed that oxides were present at the interface after bonding. The agreement between the experimental results and a theoretical model for diffusion-bonding of pure copper, derived by Hill and Wallach, was good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 6 (1970), S. 321-322 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 9 (1973), S. 171-179 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un examen de la documentation technique a mis en évidence que sous une charge statique, des criques se forment dans des grosses inclusions et qu'à partir de celles-ci peuvent s'initier des criques de fatigue. Pour établir d'une façon plus complète l'effet de ce type d'inclusions sur l'initiation des criques, des échantillons de 2024-T3 on été sollicités en traction jusqu'à 6, 8, 10 et 12% et ensuite de nouveau soumis à un traitement thermique. Des éprouvettes étaient prélevées et des essais de fatigue faits en flexion pour étudier l'initiation des criques. Des examens au microscope ont montré que la précontrainte avait produit plusieurs trous aux inclusions, en partie par la formation des criques, le phénomène le plus probable étant cependant la défaillance de l'interface matriceinclusion. Il a été montré que les trous sont à l'orgine de l'initiation des criques de fatigue. Des essais sur du matériau tel qu'il était reçu ont indiqué que l'initiation se produit aussi sur des amas d'inclusions. Un polissage répété a révélé la complexe nature tri-dimensionelle des inclusions et son importance pour la direction locale de l'accroissement des criques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es hat sich im Literatur gezeigt daß groben intermetallischen Einschlüsse unter einem statischen Last angerissen wurden und daß nachdem an diese Stellen vielleicht Ermüdungsrissen entstehen können. Um den Einfluß dieser Teilchen besser zu deuten, wurden Proben von 2024-T3 Material einer plastischen Dehnungsamplitude von 6, 8, 10 oder 12% unterworfen, nachdem die Proben aufs neue eine Wärmebehandlung gegeben ist. Biege-ermüdungsversuche wurden denn gemacht zur Untersuchung des Entstehens der Ermüdungsrisse. Optische Mikroskopie hat dann gezeigt daß die Vordehnung sämtlichen Mikrohohlräume an der Teilchen hervorgerufen hat, zum Teil durch Anreissen des Teilchens; des mehr annehmbare Vorfall war jedoch Dekohäsion zwischen den Einschlüsse und der Matriz. Es hat sich gezeigt daß an der Stelle der Hohlräume Rissen entstehen. Prüfung des selben Materials in der Anfertigungszustand hat gezeigt daß auch dann die Rissen entstehen an der Stelle von zusammengetroffenen Teilchen. Wiederholtes Polieren zeigte den komplizierten drei-dimensionalen Aufbau der Teilchen und dessen Bedeutung für die lokalen Richtung der Rißfortschritt.
    Notes: Abstract A literature survey gave preliminary evidence that large second phase particles were cracked under static loading and that these might subsequently be sources of fatigue crack initiation. In order to determine more fully the effect of this type of inclusions on crack initiation bulk samples of 2024-T3 material were strained to 6, 8, 10 and 12% and subsequently reheat-treated. Reverse bending fatigue specimens were then prepared for crack initiation studies. Observations by optical microscopy showed that the prestrain had caused several voids at the inclusions partly by cracking of the inclusions while the more probably event was failure of the matrix-inclusion interface. It was shown that the voids were sources of fatigue crack initiation. Tests on as received material indicated initiation to occur also at inclusion clusters. Repeated polishing revealed the complex three-dimensional nature of the inclusions and its significance for the local direction of crack growth.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 8 (1972), S. 75-85 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La surface de rupture d'un alliage d'aluminium a été étudiée par pellicules minces en utilisant la microscopie électronique par transmission. On a observé les stries de fatigue, qui ont également fait l'objet de mesures fractographiques. On remarque que le plan de la fissure est souvent proche de (110) ou de (100). On discute le mécanisme de la propagation des fissures de fatigue sur la base de ces résultats.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Dünne Folien aus einer Aluminiumlegierung welche die Bruchflächen enthielten, wurden mit Hilfe der Durchstrählungselektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Dank des Dickenunterschiedes und der Versetzungslinien waren die Ermüdungslinien sichtbar. Zusätzliche Ätzgruben- und stereographische Prüfungen wurden durchgeführt. In vielen Fällen war die Bruchfläche annähernd entlang den Richtungen (110) oder (100). Der Mechanismus der Fortpflanzung eines Ermüdungsbruchs wird im Lichte dieser neuen Erkenntnisse erörtert.
    Notes: Abstract Thin foils of an aluminium alloy containing the fracture surface were studied in the electron microscope. The fatigue striations were visible due to thickness contrast and bands of dislocations. Supplementary etch pit studies and stereographic measurements were carried out. In many cases the crack plane was close to (100) or (110). The mechanism of fatigue crack propagation is discussed in the light of the new evidence.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 5 (1969), S. 350-352 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 237-243 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: solubility parameters ; dentin ; adhesives ; interpenetrating polymer networks ; bioadhesives ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The principal aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the solubility parameters of etched dentin, and adhesive primer solutions and adhesive bond strength. Solubility parameters characterize the molecular interactions which determine physical properties such as wetting, and thus can serve as tools to aid development of polymeric adhesives and interpenetrating polymer networks. If an adhesive monomer has a solubility parameter close to that of a polymer substrate, then the monomer may act as a solvent for the polymer and penetrate below the surface. Subsequent polymerization of the monomer may then produce an interpenetrating network, thus adhering without necessarily forming primary chemical bonds to the substrate. The dentin substrate considered in this study was abraded dentin treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Solubility parameters δp, δh, and δd calculated for the etched dentin substrate were 20.3, 23.6, and 16.0 (J/cm3)1/2, respectively. Solubility parameters of the primers were expressed using Hansen's three-dimensional scheme. The data indicate a correlation between the calculated solubility parameters of the etched dentin, and dentin primers and the resulting bond strengths. The results corroborate the significance of solubility parameter considerations for adhesive bonding to dentin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 237-243, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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