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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy requirements for maintenance of ion concentrations in roots (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 89 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Maintenance of ion gradients across plant membranes is considered to be an important process requiring respiratory energy in plant tissues. In order to test this hypothesis, roots of intact plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Alcmaria and cv. Pimpernel) were incubated in a closed circulation system. Electrical conductivity of the solution surrounding these roots was continuously monitored to determine total ion efflux into demineralized water. Anion efflux rate from the symplast was 35 neq (g dry weight)−1 s−1. In combination with literature data on the specific costs of ion transport, this efflux rate yields the respiration rate associated with re-uptake balancing efflux (i. e. maintenance of cellular ion concentrations). The results suggest that energy costs associated with re-uptake of ions may account for up to 25–50% of the total respiratory costs involved in ion influx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01796.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-bound excitons in gallium phosphide, a new acoustic-phonon spectrometer (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3429-3431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Excitons bound to isoelectronic nitrogen in dilute GaP:N are shown to be applicable as phonon spectrometers with extreme sensitivity and broad spectral range (100 GHz–1 THz). Exploratory heat-pulse experiments indicate that the acoustic-phonon dynamics in GaP around 200 GHz is dominated by frequency conversion of phonons at the crystal surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene: a regulator of root architectural responses to soil phosphorus availability (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The involvement of ethylene in root architectural responses to phosphorus availability was investigated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown with sufficient and deficient phosphorus. Although phosphorus deficiency reduced root mass and lateral root number, main root length was unchanged by phosphorus treatment. This resulted in decreased lateral root density in phosphorus-deficient plants. The possible involvement of ethylene in growth responses to phosphorus deficiency was investigated by inhibiting endogenous ethylene production with amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and aerating the root system with various concentrations of ethylene. Phosphorus deficiency doubled the root-to-shoot ratio, an effect which was suppressed by AVG and partially restored by exogenous ethylene. AVG increased lateral root density in phosphorus- deficient plants but reduced it in phosphorus-sufficient plants. These responses could be reversed by exogenous ethylene, suggesting ethylene involvement in the regulation of main root extension and lateral root spacing. Phosphorus-deficient roots produced twice as much ethylene per g dry matter as phosphorus-sufficient roots. Enhanced ethylene production and altered ethylene sensitivity in phosphorus-deficient plants may be responsible for root responses to phosphorus deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00405.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton-phonon interaction and energy transfer of nitrogen-bound excitons in GaP
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Luminescence 60-61 (1994), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2313
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2313(94)90085-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exciton-phonon interaction and energy transfer of nitrogen-bound excitons in GaP
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Luminescence 60-61 (1994), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2313
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90085-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond accumulated photon echo in semi-insulating gallium arsenide
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Luminescence 53 (1992), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2313
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2313(92)90160-B
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of temperature and soil drying on respiration of individual roots in citrus: integrating greenhouse observations into a predictive model for the field (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In citrus, the majority of fine roots are distributed near the soil surface – a region where conditions are frequently dry and temperatures fluctuate considerably. To develop a better understanding of the relationship between changes in soil conditions and a plant’s below-ground respiratory costs, the effects of temperature and soil drying on citrus root respiration were quantified in controlled greenhouse experiments. Chambers designed for measuring the respiration of individual roots were used. Under moist soil conditions, root respiration in citrus increased exponentially with changes in soil temperature (Q10 = 1·8–2·0), provided that the changes in temperature were short-term. However, when temperatures were held constant, root respiration did not increase exponentially with increasing temperatures. Instead, the roots acclimated to controlled temperatures above 23 °C, thereby reducing their metabolism in warmer soils. Under drying soil conditions, root respiration decreased gradually beginning at 6% soil water content and reached a minimum at 〈2% soil water content in sandy soil. A model was constructed from greenhouse data to predict diurnal patterns of fine root respiration based on temperature and soil water content. The model was then validated in the field using data obtained by CO2 trapping on root systems of mature citrus trees. The trees were grown at a site where the soil temperature and water content were manipulated. Respiration predicted by the model was in general agreement with observed rates, which indicates the model may be used to estimate entire root system respiration for citrus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00723.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil CO2 concentration does not affect growth or root respiration in bean or citrus (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Contrasting effects of soil CO2 concentration on root respiration rates during short-term CO2 exposure, and on plant growth during long-term CO2 exposure, have been reported. Here we examine the effects of both short- and long-term exposure to soil CO2 on the root respiration of intact plants and on plant growth for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and citrus (Citrus volkameriana Tan. & Pasq.). For rapidly growing bean plants, the growth and maintenance components of root respiration were separated to determine whether they differ in sensitivity to soil CO2. Respiration rates of citrus roots were unaffected by the CO2 concentration used during the respiration measurements (200 and 2000 μmol mol−1), regardless of the soil CO2, concentration during the previous month (600 and 20 000 μmol mol−1). Bean plants were grown with their roots exposed to either a natural CO2 diffusion gradient, or to an artificially maintained CO2 concentration of 600 or 20 000 μmol mol−1. These treatments had no effect on shoot and root growth. Growth respiration and maintenance respiration of bean roots were also unaffected by CO2 pretreatment and the CO2 concentration used during the respiration measurements (200–2000 μmol mol−1). We conclude that soil CO2 concentrations in the range likely to be encountered in natural soils do not affect root respiration in citrus or bean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-52.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root respiration in citrus acclimates to temperature and slows during drought (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Citrus seedlings were grown in soil columns in which the root system was hydraulically separated into two equal layers; this enabled us to maintain roots in the upper layer without water for 110 d. The columns were placed into waterbaths modified so that soil temperatures in the top layer could be maintained at 25°C or at 35°C, while temperature in the bottom layer was maintained at 25°C. We hypothesized that, if citrus plants were grown in dry soil for an extended period, root mortality would increase if the cost of maintaining the roots was increased by elevating the soil temperature. However, during the drought period we did not observe any root mortality, even at the higher soil temperature. Moreover, we did not find that root respiration was increased by prolonged exposure to drought and higher soil temperature. We did find that root respiration rates slowed in dry soil. Furthermore, when the soil columns were switched from one temperature treatment to another, root respiration rates in wet soil rapidly increased when moved to a higher temperature or rapidly decreased when moved to a lower temperature. But after only 4 d, respiration rates returned to their original level; root respiration in dry soil was not affected by either short-or long-term shifts in soil temperature. Root respiration in citrus appears to acclimate rapidly to changes in soil temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-36.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory energy requirements and rate of protein turnover in vivo determined by the use of an inhibitor of protein synthesis and a probe to assess its effect (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 92 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Protein turnover is generally regarded as a major maintenance process, but experimental evidence to support this contention is scarce. Here we quantify the component of dark respiration rate associated with overall protein turnover of tissues in vivo. The effect of an inhibitor of cytosolic protein synthesis (cycloheximide, CHM) on dark respiration was tested on a cell suspension from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and quantified on leaf discs of expanding and full-grown primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The in vivo effect of CHM on protein biosynthesis was assessed by monitoring the inhibition of the induction of the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activity. The present method yields the energy costs of turnover of the total pool of proteins irrespective of their individual turnover rates. Average turnover rates were derived from the respiratory costs and the specific costs for turnover.Inhibition of respiration by CHM was readily detectable in growing-cell suspensions and discs of expanding leaves, The derived respiratory costs of protein turnover in expanding leaves were maximally 17–37% of total respiration. Turnover costs in full-grown primary leaves of bean amounted to 17–21% of total dark respiration. The maximum degradation constants (i.e. Kd-values) derived for growing and full-grown leaves were up to 2.42 × 10−6 and 1.12 × l0−6 s−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb03027.x
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