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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROUND WATER MONITORING NETWORK DESIGN USING MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING ANT) GEOSTATISTICS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 28 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A multi-criteria approach to ground water quality monitoring network design is developed. The methodology combines multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and modifications of geostatistical variance reduction analysis. Composite programming, a distance based optimization algorithm that employs a hierarchial structure, is used for the MCDM component of the design methodology. MCDM allows the consideration of numerous, often conflicting, design criteria. The methodology is useful for identifying the preferred combination of direct borehole and indirect geo-electric data. It also permits the use of prior information during initial stages of network development. Multi-variate kriging is employed to evaluate network performance using the combination of direct borehole data and indirect geoelectric data. Weighted measures of estimation variance are used as primary measures of performance, with the reduction in estimation variance being computed by the fictitious point method. Case study results demonstrate that the network design methodology can be used in both early and late phases of network development. It also leads to selection of the preferred combination and spatial orientation of direct and indirect data sources while considering cost-effectiveness and performance of alternative designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1992.tb03153.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ON THE DANUBE AND THE PLATTE (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 26 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Two case studies highlighting the institutional arrangements and decision-making processes used to attempt to allocate water on large scale river systems in two countries are presented. In both cases the implementation of river plans has been blocked by conflicts between those who wish to use water for irrigation, hydropower, or municipal purposes and those who wish to maintain instream flows for fish and wildlife. To date conflict has blocked the implementation of a large hydropower scheme on the Danube River, downstream from Vienna, Austria, and the construction of municipal and agricultural projects, as well as the relicensing of an existing hydropower facility on the Platte River in Nebraska. Analysis of the decision-making processes and institutional settings of both cases led to the identification of problem areas and development of recommendations that would support the achievement of compromise solutions for management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01386.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hydroclimatological model of areal drought
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Hydrology 153 (1994), S. 245-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1694
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90194-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SAMPLE UNCERTAINTY IN FLOOD LEVEE DESIGN: BAYESIAN VERSUS NON-BAYESIAN METHODS (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 11 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Bayesian and non-Bayesian flood levee design methods that account for the uncertainty due to limited record length are compared using a case study. The first method, Bayesian decision theory (BDT), imbeds the uncertainty in the parameters of the yearly peak stage into a loss function. The optimum design of the flood levee, called Bayes design, corresponds to the minimum expected loss, called Bayes risk. The second method, induced safety algorithm (ISA), computes a margin of safety to be added to either an existing levee or a levee designed by classical benefit-cost analysis. The design decision is shown to fluctuate as different record lengths are considered. For short record lengths, BDT, which takes small sample bias into account, appears to yield a more conservative design than ISA. On the other hand, ISA, which is simple to implement, seems to be preferable to BDT for longer record lengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00696.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imprecise (fuzzy) information in geostatistics (1988)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 20 (1988), S. 287-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: fuzzy sets ; geostatistics ; methodology ; application ; permeability prediction ; soil liner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A methodology based on fuzzy set theory for the utilization of imprecise data in geostatistics is presented. A common problem preventing a broader use of geostatistics has been the insufficient amount of accurate measurement data. In certain cases, additional but uncertain (soft) information is available and can be encoded as subjective probabilities, and then the soft kriging method can be applied (Journel, 1986). In other cases, a fuzzy encoding of soft information may be more realistic and simplify the numerical calculations. Imprecise (fuzzy) spatial information on the possible variogram is integrated into a single variogram which is used in a fuzzy kriging procedure. The overall uncertainty of prediction is represented by the estimation variance and the calculated membership function for each kriged point. The methodology is applied to the permeability prediction of a soil liner for hazardous waste containment. The available number of hard measurement data (20) was not enough for a classical geostatistical analysis. An additional 20 soft data made it possible to prepare kriged contour maps using the fuzzy geostatistical procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892981
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kriging with imprecise (fuzzy) variograms. I: Theory (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 22 (1990), S. 63-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: kriging ; variogram ; fuzzy set theory ; prior information ; methodology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Imprecise variogram parameters are modeled with fuzzy set theory. The fit of a variogram model to experimental variograms is often subjective. The “accuracy” of the fit is modeled with imprecise variogram parameters. Measurement data often are insufficient to create “good” experimental variograms. In this case, prior knowledge and experience can contribute to determination of the variogram model parameters. A methodology for kriging with imprecise variogram parameters is developed. Both kriged values and estimation variances are calculated as fuzzy numbers and characterized by their membership functions. Besides estimation variance, the membership functions are used to create another uncertainty measure. This measure depends on both homogeneity and configuration of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890297
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kriging with imprecise (fuzzy) variograms. II: Application (1990)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 22 (1990), S. 81-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: application ; permeability prediction ; soil liner ; kriging ; variogram ; fuzzy set theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The geostatistical analysis of soil liner permeability is based on 20 measurements and imprecise prior information on nugget effect, sill, and range of the unknown variogram. Using this information, membership functions for variogram parameters are assessed and the fuzzy variogram is constructed. Both kriging estimates and estimation variances are calculated as fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy variogram and data points. Contour maps are presented, indicating values of the kriged permeability and the estimation variance corresponding to selected membership values called levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890298
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local temperature estimation under climate change (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 50 (1994), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A methodology to estimate the space-time distribution of daily mean temperature under climate change is developed and applied to a central Nebraska case study. The approach is based on the analysis of the Markov properties of atmospheric circulation pattern (CP) types, and a stochastic linkage between daily (here 500hPa) CP types and daily mean temperatures. Historical data and general circulation model (GCM) output of daily CP corresponding to 1 × CO2 and 2 × CO2 scenarios are considered. The relationship between spatially averaged geopotential height of the 500 hPa surface — within each CP type — and daily mean temperature is described by a nonparametric regression technique. Time series of daily mean temperatures corresponding to each of these cases are simulated and their statistical properties are compared. Under the climate of central Nebraska, the space-time response of daily mean temperature to global climate change is variable. In general, a warmer climate appears to cause about 5°C increase in the winter months, a smaller increase in other months with no change in July and August. The sensitivity of the results to the GCM utilized should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00864897
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of climate change on regional precipitation in Lake Balaton watershed (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 51 (1995), S. 237-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A methodology is developed and applied to the area of Lake Balaton and its drainage basin, a region of Western Hungary, to estimate the space-time distribution of daily precipitation under climate change. Lake Balaton is the largest lake in Central and Western Europe; it has a central location in the country and its drainage basin covers about the 20% of Hungary (together with the Sió Canal). The methodology is based on an analysis of the semi-Markovian properties of atmospheric macrocirculation pattern types (MCP), and a stochastic linkage between daily (here 700 hPa) MCP types and daily precipitation events. Historical data and General Circulation Model (GCM) output of daily MCP corresponding to 1 · CO2 and 2 · CO2 scenarios are considered in this study. Time series of both local and areal precipitation corresponding for both scenarios are simulated and their statistical properties are compared. For the temperate continental climate of Western Hungary a slightly variable spatial response to climate change is obtained. Under 2 · CO2 conditions most of the local and the areal average precipitation suggests, a somewhat dryer precipitation regime in Western Hungary. The sensitivity of the results to the GCM utilized should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867282
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  • 10
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    Imprecise (fuzzy) information in geostatistics (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1874-8961
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-8953
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Published by Springer
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