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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a data-fitting technique capable of generating high-resolution velocity models with a resolution down to half the seismic wavelength. FWI is applied typically to densely sampled seismic data. In this study, we applied FWI to 3D wide-angle seismic data acquired using sparsely spaced ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) from the Deep Galicia Margin west of Iberia. Our dataset samples the S-reflector, a low-angle detachment present in this area. Here we highlight differences between 2D, 2.5D and 3D-FWI performances using a real sparsely spaced dataset. We performed 3D FWI in the time domain and compared the results with 2D and 2.5D FWI results from a profile through the 3D model. When overlaid on multichannel seismic images, the 3D FWI results constrain better the complex faulting within the pre- and syn-rift sediments and crystalline crust compared to the 2D result. Furthermore, we estimate variable serpentinisation of the upper mantle below the S-reflector along the profile using 3D FWI, reaching a maximum of 45 per cent. Differences in the data residuals of the 2D, 2.5D and 3D inversions suggest that 2D inversion can be prone to overfitting when using a sparse dataset. To validate our results, we performed tests to recover the anomalies introduced by the inversions in the final models using synthetic datasets. Based on our comparison of the velocity models, we conclude that the use of 3D data can partially mitigate the problem of receiver sparsity in FWI.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: High-resolution velocity models developed using full-waveform inversion (FWI) can image fine details of the nature and structure of the subsurface. Using a 3D FWI velocity model of hyper-thinned crust at the Deep Galicia Margin (DGM) west of Iberia, we constrain the nature of the crust at this margin by comparing its velocity structure with those in other similar tectonic settings. Velocities representative of both the upper and lower continental crust are present, but there is no clear evidence for distinct upper and lower crustal layers within the hyper-thinned crust. Our velocity model supports exhumation of the lower crust under the footwalls of fault blocks to accommodate the extension. We used our model to generate a serpentinization map for the uppermost mantle at the DGM, at a depth of 100 ms (∼340 m) below the S-reflector, a low-angle detachment that marks the base of the crust at this margin. We find a good alignment between serpentinized areas and the overlying major block bounding faults on our map, suggesting that those faults played an important role in transporting water to the upper mantle. Further, we observe a weak correlation between fault heaves and serpentinization beneath the hanging-wall blocks, indicating that serpentinization was controlled by complex faulting during rifting. A good match between topographic highs of the S and local highly serpentinized areas of the mantle suggests that the morphology of the S was affected by the volume-increasing process of serpentinization and deformation of the overlying crust. Key Points Exhumation of the lower crust under the footwall of the normal faults to accommodate extension Overlying faults in the crust control water transport to the mantle Topography of the S-reflector is affected by the serpentinization process and deformations of the overlying crust
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters, 46(9), (2019):4664-4673, doi:10.1029/2019GL082201.
    Description: Accretion of the lower crust at mid‐ocean ridges is a debated topic, with modern seismic observations pointing to a complex magmatic system that includes an axial multisill system of middle‐ and lower‐crustal melt lenses and near‐ and off‐axis melt bodies. Here we revisit the hot spot‐influenced section of the western Galápagos Spreading Centre and reprocess multichannel seismic reflection data using a wide‐angle seismic tomography model. Our new images show that the magma reservoir in the lower crust at this ridge section is intruded with partially molten melt lenses. The images also show evidence for off‐axis melt lenses, magmatic‐hydrothermal interactions and Moho reflections in this region. We conclude that the similarities between the axial crustal structure of this hot spot‐influenced mid‐ocean ridge and the multisill magmatic structure imaged at the East Pacific Rise indicate that these features are common along the global mid‐ocean ridge system where seafloor spreading is dominated by magmatic accretion.
    Description: Seismic data used in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/IEDA/314480 (Detrick & Sinton, 2014). Data processing was conducted with Emerson‐Paradigm Software package Echos licensed to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution under Paradigm Academic Software Program. B. B. is funded by the Graduate School of the National Oceanography Centre Southampton UK. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and insightful comments that helped us in improving the manuscript and A. S. Soule for fruitful discussions.
    Description: 2019-10-29
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Seismic data was acquired to study the transition from rifted continental crust to oceanic crust at the Deep Galicia Margin from June to August 2013. 3D Multichannel reflection and coincident wide-angle seismic data were acquired simultaneously as part of a seismic experiment over an area of 80 km long and 25 km wide in the Deep Galicia margin. The multichannel reflection seismic volume was acquired by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, which provided a source for the ocean bottom seismic data. A total of 86 ocean bottom hydrophones/seismometer deployments were carried out by F/S Poseidon. Two airgun arrays with total gun volumes of 3,300 cu.in. were deployed as seismic sources. Shots were fired alternately using two source arrays every 37.5 m (shot interval of ~ 16 s with ship speed of 4.5 knots). Data were converted into SEGY format. Further details are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2671.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Continental rifting; continent-ocean transition; DATE/TIME; Event label; File name; Julian day; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; OBH; OBH 02; OBH 04; OBH 06; OBH 08; OBH 12; OBH 14; OBH 26; OBH 30; OBH 32; OBH 56; OBH 58; OBH 60; OBH 62; OBH 63; OBH 65; OBH 67; OBH 68; OBH 71; OBH 79; OBH 80; OBH 81; OBH 82; OBH 83; OBH 85; OBH 86; OBS; OBS 1; OBS 11; OBS 13; OBS 15; OBS 16; OBS 17; OBS 18; OBS 19; OBS 20; OBS 21; OBS 22; OBS 23; OBS 24; OBS 25; OBS 27; OBS 29; OBS 3; OBS 33; OBS 34; OBS 35; OBS 37; OBS 38; OBS 39; OBS 40; OBS 41; OBS 42; OBS 43; OBS 45; OBS 46; OBS 47; OBS 48; OBS 5; OBS 51; OBS 52; OBS 53; OBS 54; OBS 57; OBS 59; OBS 61; OBS 64; OBS 66; OBS 69; OBS 72; OBS 73; OBS 74; OBS 75; OBS 76; OBS 78; OBS 9; Ocean bottom hydrophone; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS453; POS453_723-3; POS453_724-1; POS453_725-1; POS453_726-1; POS453_728-1; POS453_729-1; POS453_730-1; POS453_731-1; POS453_733-1; POS453_734-1; POS453_735-1; POS453_736-1; POS453_737-1; POS453_738-1; POS453_739-1; POS453_740-1; POS453_741-1; POS453_742-1; POS453_743-1; POS453_746-1; POS453_747-1; POS453_748-1; POS453_749-1; POS453_751-1; POS453_752-1; POS453_753-1; POS453_754-1; POS453_755-1; POS453_756-1; POS453_757-1; POS453_758-1; POS453_759-1; POS453_761-1; POS453_762-1; POS453_763-1; POS453_764-1; POS453_765-1; POS453_766-1; POS453_767-1; POS453_769-1; POS453_770-1; POS453_771-1; POS453_773-1; POS453_774-1; POS453_775-1; POS453_778-1; POS453_779-1; POS453_780-1; POS453_781-1; POS453_782-1; POS453_783-1; POS453_785-1; POS453_786-1; POS453_787-1; POS453_788-1; POS453_789-1; POS453_790-1; POS453_792-1; POS453_793-1; POS453_794-1; POS453_795-1; POS453_796-1; POS453_797-1; POS453_798-1; POS453_799-1; POS453_801-1; POS453_802-1; POS453_820-1; POS453_821-1; POS453_822-1; POS453_823-1; POS453_824-1; POS453_825-1; POS453_826-1; Poseidon; Station label; Type; West Iberia; wide-angle seismic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25990 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Seismic data was acquired to study the transition from rifted continental crust to oceanic crust at the Deep Galicia Margin from June to August 2013. 3D Multichannel reflection and coincident wide-angle seismic data were acquired simultaneously as part of a seismic experiment over an area of 80 km long and 25 km wide in the Deep Galicia margin. The multichannel reflection seismic volume was acquired by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, which provided a source for the ocean bottom seismic data. A total of 86 ocean bottom hydrophones/seismometer deployments were carried out by F/S Poseidon. Two airgun arrays with total gun volumes of 3,300 cu.in. were deployed as seismic sources. Shots were fired alternately using two source arrays every 37.5 m (shot interval of ~ 16 s with ship speed of 4.5 knots). Data were converted into SEGY format. Further details are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2671.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Continental rifting; continent-ocean transition; Event label; Line; OBH; OBH 02; OBH 04; OBH 06; OBH 08; OBH 26; OBH 30; OBH 32; OBH 56; OBH 58; OBH 60; OBH 62; OBH 63; OBH 65; OBH 67; OBH 68; OBH 70; OBS; OBS 11; OBS 16; OBS 17; OBS 18; OBS 19; OBS 20; OBS 22; OBS 23; OBS 24; OBS 28; OBS 34; OBS 38; OBS 40; OBS 42; OBS 43; OBS 46; OBS 48; OBS 52; OBS 54; OBS 59; OBS 64; OBS 69; OBS 7; OBS 73; OBS 75; Ocean bottom hydrophone; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS453; POS453_724-1; POS453_729-1; POS453_731-1; POS453_734-1; POS453_736-1; POS453_738-1; POS453_740-1; POS453_742-1; POS453_746-1; POS453_748-1; POS453_751-1; POS453_752-1; POS453_754-1; POS453_755-1; POS453_757-1; POS453_763-1; POS453_766-1; POS453_768-1; POS453_773-1; POS453_774-1; POS453_775-1; POS453_776-1; POS453_779-1; POS453_780-1; POS453_781-1; POS453_791-1; POS453_792-1; POS453_793-1; POS453_794-1; POS453_795-1; POS453_796-1; POS453_797-1; POS453_798-1; POS453_799-1; POS453_820-1; POS453_821-1; POS453_822-1; POS453_823-1; POS453_824-1; POS453_825-1; POS453_826-1; Poseidon; Station label; Type; West Iberia; wide-angle seismic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 54004 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Seismic data was acquired to study the transition from rifted continental crust to oceanic crust at the Deep Galicia Margin from June to August 2013. 3D Multichannel reflection and coincident wide-angle seismic data were acquired simultaneously as part of a seismic experiment over an area of 80 km long and 25 km wide in the Deep Galicia margin. The multichannel reflection seismic volume was acquired by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, which provided a source for the ocean bottom seismic data. A total of 86 ocean bottom hydrophones/seismometer deployments were carried out by F/S Poseidon. Two airgun arrays with total gun volumes of 3,300 cu.in. were deployed as seismic sources. Shots were fired alternately using two source arrays every 37.5 m (shot interval of ~ 16 s with ship speed of 4.5 knots). Data were converted into SEGY format. Further details are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2671.
    Keywords: Continental rifting; continent-ocean transition; West Iberia; wide-angle seismic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Seismic data was acquired to study the transition from rifted continental crust to oceanic crust at the Deep Galicia Margin from June to August 2013. 3D Multichannel reflection and coincident wide-angle seismic data were acquired simultaneously as part of a seismic experiment over an area of 80 km long and 25 km wide in the Deep Galicia margin. The multichannel reflection seismic volume was acquired by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, which provided a source for the ocean bottom seismic data. A total of 86 ocean bottom hydrophones/seismometer deployments were carried out by F/S Poseidon. Two airgun arrays with total gun volumes of 3,300 cu.in. were deployed as seismic sources. Shots were fired alternately using two source arrays every 37.5 m (shot interval of ~ 16 s with ship speed of 4.5 knots). Data were converted into SEGY format. Further details are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2671.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Continental rifting; continent-ocean transition; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Event label; OBS; OBS 72; OBS 73; Ocean bottom seismometer; POS453; POS453_731-1; POS453_739-1; Poseidon; Station label; West Iberia; wide-angle seismic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1392 data points
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