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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental and theoretical investigation of the thiophene/aluminum interface (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 935-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of thiophene and 2, 2′-bithiophene on Al(111) has been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), angle-resolved UV photoemission (ARUPS), and work function measurements. Ab initio density functional theory calculations have been performed for thiophene on Al(111). Both thiophene and bithiophene bond only very weakly to Al(111), as indicated by TDS and calculations of the thiophene absorption energy, which is found to be only 0.54 eV. There is no indication of π-bonding in either the ARUPS data or the calculations. The calculated S–Al distance, 3.7 Å, is much greater than either measured or calculated S–metal distances for covalent bonding. The bonding is shown to be almost entirely electrostatic, with a small contribution from the sulfur lone pair. This is in direct contrast to calculations for Al–thiophene complexes which show covalent bonds between the Al atoms and the thiophene α carbons. The calculations show the molecule to be essentially flat, with a tilt angle of only 2° of the molecular plane relative to the surface. There is some indication of self-assembly of bithiophene on Al(111). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1332080
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band alignment in organic devices: Photoemission studies of model oligomers on In2O3 (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 270-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfaces of In2O3, a model for indium–tin–oxide (ITO), with benzene, thiophene, and benzaldehyde, models for technologically important organic molecules, are studied using angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission and work function measurements. Band alignment diagrams for hypothetical Al/organic/ITO devices have been drawn, using values determined from this work and previously published studies of these molecules on Al(111). The similarity between the bonding of benzene and thiophene on Al(111) and In2O3, i.e., largely electrostatic, leads to near identical alignment at both metal and oxide interfaces. This indicates that clean Al and ITO will make a very poor electron/hole injecting pair. We suggest that the apparent efficiency of Al as an electron injecting contact in real devices is due to the presence of oxygen at the Al/organic interface. For benzaldehyde the interaction with In2O3 is largely electrostatic, in contrast to the covalent bonds formed on Al(111). This leads to very different alignment at the Al and oxide interfaces, showing the importance of the particular organic–inorganic interaction in determining band alignment. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    White light emission from blends of blue-emitting organic molecules: A general route to the white organic light-emitting diode? (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 560-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that all possible binary combinations of molecules from four different families of organics—a diamine derivative, N,N′-bis(3methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine, an oxidiazole derivative, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, a substituted thiophene dioxide, 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl thiophene)-1,1-dioxide, and poly(9-vinylcarbazole)—produce white or near-white emission. We suggest that this is due to exciplex formation, and that this is likely to be a general phenomenon for blends of blue-emitting aromatic organics. This implies that films of spin-coated blends of blue-emitting organics represent a general, simple, and cheap route to white-emitting organic light-emitting diodes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388875
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band alignment at the organic-inorganic interface (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 927-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The band alignment of the bithiophene interface with a diverse range of substrates has been determined by a combination of ultraviolet photoemission and work function measurements. Not only is vacuum level alignment clearly shown to be invalid but also any sort of linear relationship between band alignment and substrate work function is shown not to be the case. Rather, the alignment is determined by the interface dipole, which is specific to the interaction at the inorganic-organic interface. The interface dipoles, which always appear, while dominated by the first monolayer interaction, are completed after two to three monolayers. As the ionization potentials of the films are shown to be constant, it is argued that a simple work function measurement, for an organic film on a particular substrate, quantifies the band alignment. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125632
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of oxygen on band alignment at the organic/aluminum interface (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1212-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The presence of adventitious oxygen is inevitable when organic/metal interfaces are formed by evaporation in high vacuum (10−6 mbar.). In this letter, we highlight the importance of this oxygen for band alignment, and hence, performance, in organic-based devices. The influence of controlled amounts of oxygen on band alignment in benzene/aluminum model cathode interfaces has been studied using ultraviolet photoemission in ultrahigh vacuum. We show that even small amounts of oxygen significantly lower the aluminum work function with concomitant improvement in band alignment. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289497
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Photoemission Cross-Section Effects for Monitoring Thin-Film Growth in UHV (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 252-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Given the tunability of synchrotron radiation, photoemission spectroscopy can be used to monitor the growth modes of thin films in UHV. Cross-section effects such as Cooper minima and resonant photoemission can be exploited to maximize the adsorbate signal and minimize that from the substrate. Under favourable circumstances growth can be monitored in real time at coverages of 〈1%. As an example the growth of Gd on W(110) is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049595008697
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoemission Study of CO Adsorption on Gd (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Angle-resolved UV photoemission spectroscopy has been used to investigate the interaction of CO with Gd films, grown on W(110). The results suggest the CO absorbs dissociatively, initially forming Gd2O3, with subsequent catalytic oxidation of CO to form carbonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090904959501137X
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gd/W(110) Interface Formation Studied by W 4f Surface Core-Level Spectroscopy (1995)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 261-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: W 4f core-level spectra of Gd films on W(110) show components which can be identified as being due to bulk and interface W. The results suggest that the W/Gd interface is abrupt, i.e. no interface alloying occurs. At submonolayer coverages a further component is seen which is attributable to intermediate (n × 2) phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S090904959500954X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on the uv photoelectron spectra of yttrium (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 76 (1989), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Peaks in the uv photoelectron spectra from single crystal surfaces of yttrium which cannot be ascribed to the one-electron states in band structure calculations have been recently interpreted as due to hydrogen contamination. The evidence for this suggestion, however, is based on an erroneous comparison between the results of UPS experiments on polycrystalline samples exposed to hydrogen and previously published spectra from single crystal samples. In this paper we show how the spectra have been misinterpreted and comment on the consequences concerning the origin of the peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323495
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the origin of an additional feature in the photoemission spectra of the heavy rare earths (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 86 (1992), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A narrow feature recently observed in photoemission spectra of heavy rare earth metals at a binding energy of 5.5–6.2 eV has been interpreted as a many-electron satellite. We question this interpretation and suggest that this feature is due to H contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323561
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