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  • 1
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    What Feeds the Benthos in the Arctic Basins? Assembling a Carbon Budget for the Deep Arctic Ocean (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-16
    Electronic ISSN: 2296-7745
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Frontiers Media
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Sea-ice meiofauna (〉10 µm) abundance in Arctic pack ice north of Svalbard during the Polarstern expedition PS92 in 2015 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-13
    Description: We investigated the taxonomic composition and abundance of sea-ice meiofauna (here heterotrophs 〉10 µm) at eight ice stations on Arctic pack ice north of Svalbard. Sampling was conducted during spring in 2015 by sea-ice coring. The bottom 10 cm of each ice core was investigated for sea-ice meiofauna and abundances of individuals/m² were calculated from counting numbers.
    Keywords: Abundance; Amoebozoa; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/1, TRANSSIZ; Campaign; Ciliophora; DATE/TIME; Event label; Gyrodinium; Harpacticoida; ICE; Ice station; LATITUDE; Location; LONGITUDE; Nauplii; pack ice; Podolampas; Polarstern; Polykrikos; Principal investigator; Protoperidinium; PS92; PS92/019-6; PS92/027-2; PS92/031-2; PS92/032-4; PS92/039-6; PS92/043-4; PS92/046-1; PS92/047-3; Rotifera; sea-ice meiofauna; Station label; Svalbard; sympagic fauna; Tintinnina; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 120 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    (Table 4) Abundance of under-ice amphipods on flat ice and ice ridges sampled during the 2005 Hidden Ocean expedition
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Amphipoda; Apherusa glacialis; Beaufort Sea; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, ice/snow; Depth, top/min; Event label; Gammarus wilkitzkii; Healy; Hidden Ocean, Arctic 2005; HLY05; HLY05_10; HLY05_11; HLY05_13; HLY05_14; HLY05_15; HLY05_3; HLY05_4; HLY05_5; HLY05_6; HLY05_7; HLY05_8; HLY05_9; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Onisimus spp.; Quartile 25; Quartile 75; Sample amount; Sample type; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 564 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    (Table 1) Properties of the bottom 30 cm of level sea ice and surface water obatined during the 2005 Hidden Ocean expedition
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Beaufort Sea; Carbon, organic, particulate; Chlorophyll a; Event label; Healy; Hidden Ocean, Arctic 2005; HLY05; HLY05_10; HLY05_11; HLY05_13; HLY05_14; HLY05_15; HLY05_2; HLY05_3; HLY05_4; HLY05_5; HLY05_6; HLY05_7; HLY05_8; HLY05_9; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Phaeophytin; Salinity; Salinity, brine; Salinity, standard deviation; Sea ice thickness; Station label; Temperature, ice/snow; Temperature, ice/snow, standard deviation; δ13C, particulate organic carbon; δ15N, particulate organic nitrogen
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 167 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    (Table 2) Abundance of metazoan ice meiofauna in the bottom 30 cm of level sea ice obatined during the 2005 Hidden Ocean expedition
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Beaufort Sea; Counting; Event label; Harpacticoida; Healy; Hidden Ocean, Arctic 2005; HLY05; HLY05_10; HLY05_11; HLY05_13; HLY05_14; HLY05_15; HLY05_2; HLY05_3; HLY05_4; HLY05_5; HLY05_6; HLY05_7; HLY05_8; HLY05_9; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Meiofauna, abundance; Nematoda; Sample type; Station label; Turbellaria
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 120 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Under-ice fauna abundance of Arctic pack ice north of Svalbard during the Polarstern expedition PS92 in 2015 (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: We investigated the taxonomic composition and abundance of under-ice fauna (metazoans 〉300 µm) at fourteen stations in the Arctic Ocean, north of Svalbard. Sampling was conducted during spring in 2015 with the Surface and Under Ice Trawl (SUIT) and the catch of the plankton net (300 µm mesh size) was investigated for under-ice fauna. Abundances of individuals/m² were calculated from counting numbers.
    Keywords: Abundance; Apherusa glacialis; Appendicularia; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/1, TRANSSIZ; Calanus finmarchicus; Calanus glacialis; Calanus hyperboreus; Campaign; Cast number; Chaetognatha; Cirripedia, larvae; Clausocalanidae; Clione limacina; DATE/TIME; Eukrohnia hamata; Eusirus spp.; Event label; Gear; Harpacticoida; Hydrozoa; Isopoda; LATITUDE; Limacina helicina; Location; LONGITUDE; Metridia longa; Nauplii; Oikopleura spp.; Oithona sp.; Onisimus glacialis; Osteichthyes, larvae; pack ice; Paraeuchaeta spp.; Parasagitta elegans; Polarstern; Polychaeta; Principal investigator; PS92; PS92/019-1; PS92/027-1; PS92/028-4; PS92/031-1; PS92/032-12; PS92/038-1; PS92/039-17; PS92/043-23; PS92/044-1; PS92/045-1; PS92/047-1; PS92/048-1; PS92/049-1; PS92/056-2; Station label; SUIT; Surface and under ice trawl; Svalbard; sympagic fauna; Themisto abyssorum; Themisto libellula; Themisto spp.; Thysanoessa longicaudata; Tisbe spp.; Trawling distance; Trochophora, larvae; under-ice fauna; Volume; Xenacoelomorpha; Zoaea, larvae
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 560 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Properties and faunal abundances of level sea ice and sea-ice ridges in the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas and Canada Basin (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gradinger, Rolf; Bluhm, Bodil Annikki; Iken, Katrin (2010): Arctic sea-ice ridges - Safe heavens for sea-ice fauna during periods of extreme ice melt? Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(1-2), 86-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.08.008
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: The abundances and distribution of metazoan within-ice meiofauna (13 stations) and under-ice fauna (12 stations) were investigated in level sea ice and sea-ice ridges in the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas and Canada Basin in June/July 2005 using a combination of ice coring and SCUBA diving. Ice meiofauna abundance was estimated based on live counts in the bottom 30 cm of level sea ice based on triplicate ice core sampling at each location, and in individual ice chunks from ridges at four locations. Under-ice amphipods were counted in situ in replicate (N=24-65 per station) 0.25 m**2 quadrats using SCUBA to a maximum water depth of 12 m. In level sea ice, the most abundant ice meiofauna groups were Turbellaria (46%), Nematoda (35%), and Harpacticoida (19%), with overall low abundances per station that ranged from 0.0 to 10.9 ind/l (median 0.8 ind/l). In level ice, low ice algal pigment concentrations (〈0.1-15.8 µg Chl a /l), low brine salinities (1.8-21.7) and flushing from the melting sea ice likely explain the low ice meiofauna concentrations. Higher abundances of Turbellaria, Nematoda and Harpacticoida also were observed in pressure ridges (0-200 ind/l, median 40 ind/l), although values were highly variable and only medians of Turbellaria were significantly higher in ridge ice than in level ice. Median abundances of under-ice amphipods at all ice types (level ice, various ice ridge structures) ranged from 8 to 114 ind/m**2 per station and mainly consisted of Apherusa glacialis (87%), Onisimus spp. (7%) and Gammarus wilkitzkii (6%). Highest amphipod abundances were observed in pressure ridges at depths 〉3 m where abundances were up to 42-fold higher compared with level ice. We propose that the summer ice melt impacted meiofauna and under-ice amphipod abundance and distribution through (a) flushing, and (b) enhanced salinity stress at thinner level sea ice (less than 3 m thickness). We further suggest that pressure ridges, which extend into deeper, high-salinity water, become accumulation regions for ice meiofauna and under-ice amphipods in summer. Pressure ridges thus might be crucial for faunal survival during periods of enhanced summer ice melt. Previous estimates of Arctic sea ice meiofauna and under-ice amphipods on regional and pan-Arctic scales likely underestimate abundances at least in summer because they typically do not include pressure ridges.
    Keywords: International Polar Year (2007-2008); ipy; IPY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    (Table 3) Growth rates of the juvenile polychaete Scolelepis squamata obtained from ice cores under varying conditions (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: McConnell, Brenna; Gradinger, Rolf; Iken, Katrin; Bluhm, Bodil Annikki (2012): Growth rates of arctic juvenile Scolelepis squamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) isolated from Chukchi Sea fast ice. Polar Biology, 35(10), 1487-1494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1187-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: In spring, Arctic coastal fast ice is inhabited by high densities of sea ice algae and, among other fauna, juveniles of benthic polychaetes. This paper investigates the hypothesis that growth rates of juveniles of the common sympagic polychaete, Scolelepis squamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae), are significantly faster at sea ice algal bloom concentrations compared to concurrent phytoplankton concentrations. Juvenile S. squamata from fast ice off Barrow, Alaska, were fed with different algal concentrations at 0 and 5 °C, simulating ambient high sea ice algal concentrations, concurrent low phytoplankton concentrations, and an intermediate concentration. Growth rates, calculated using a simple linear regression equation, were significantly higher (up to 115 times) at the highest algal concentration compared to the lowest. At the highest algal concentration, juveniles grew faster at 5 °C compared to those feeding at 0 °C with a Q10 of 2.0. We conclude that highly concentrated sea ice algae can sustain faster growth rates of polychaete juveniles compared to the less dense spring phytoplankton concentrations. The earlier melt of Arctic sea ice predicted with climate change might cause a mismatch between occurrence of polychaete juveniles and food availability in the near future. Our data indicate that this reduction in food availability might counteract any faster growth of a pelagic juvenile stage based on forecasted increased water temperatures.
    Keywords: Barrow_BASC; Barrow, Alaska, USA; Chlorophyll a, adjusted; Coefficient of determination; DATE/TIME; Duration, number of days; Experiment; Feeding experiment; FX; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Scolelepis squamata, growth rate; Significance; SNOW; Snow/ice sample; Temperature, technical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 84 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Lipids, fatty acids, and δ13C values in fatty acids measured in Arctic zooplankton and ice amphipod species during polar day (June and July) and polar night (January) in 2017/2018 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: This dataset consists of lipid analysis, fatty acid analysis, and compound specific stable isotope analysis of δ13C values in fatty acids. These parameters were measured in three pelagic zooplankton (Calanus glacialis, Thysanoessa inermis, and Themisto libellula) and two sea-ice associated amphipods (Apherusa glacialis, Gammarus wilkitzkii). Zooplankton and ice-associated amphipods were collected on the R/V Polarstern PS106/1 (23 May - 21 June 2017) and PS106/2 (23 June - 20 July 2017) campaigns and on two R/V Helmer Hanssen polar night campaigns (4 - 16 January 2017 and 5 - 18 January 2018). See document details for the different types of gear used, which included Multinets, pelagic trawls, Surface Underwater Ice Trawls, and ROV nets. Organisms were collected north of Svalbard, the Barents Sea, and within the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Lipid class analysis was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography. Extracted lipids were converted into fatty acid methyl esters, and quantified (via an internal standard) using an Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph. Compound specific stable isotope ratios of fatty acid methyl esters (δ13C fa) were analyzed using a Trace Ultra gas chromatograph (GC), a GC Isolink system, and a Delta V Plus isotope ratios mass spectrometer, connected to a Conflo IV interface. The purpose of these measurements was to compare feeding activity between polar day (June/July) and polar night (January) in these five invertebrate species. Also, in light of recent research that there are higher levels of biological species activity during polar night than previously assumed, determine if these invertebrates were maintaining higher levels of activity on stored lipids, opportunistic feeding, or a combination of both.
    Keywords: (E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol; 12-methyl-Tetradecanoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: 12-methyltetradecanoic acid); 6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic acid of total fatty acids; 6,9,12-Hexadecatrienoic acid, δ13C; 6,9,12-Hexadecatrienoic acid of total fatty acids; 9,12-Hexadecadienoic acid, δ13C; 9,12-Hexadecadienoic acid of total fatty acids; Absolute lipid content; all-cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-6,9,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-6,9,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-8,11-Eicosasadienoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid of total fatty acids; all-cis-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, δ13C; all-cis-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid of total fatty acids; Analytical balance, KERN, ABT 500-5M; apherusa glacialis; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXXI/1.1,PASCAL; ARK-XXXI/1.2; Barents Sea; BONGO; Bongo net; Calanus glacialis; Calculated; cis-11-Docosenoic acid, δ13C; cis-11-Docosenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-11-Hexadecenoic acid, δ13C; cis-11-Hexadecenoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: (11Z)-hexadec-11-enoic acid); cis-11-Icosenoic acid, δ13C; cis-11-Icosenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-11-Octadecenoic acid, δ13C; cis-11-Octadecenoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: Octadec-11-enoic acid); cis-13-Docosenoic acid, δ13C; cis-13-Docosenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-13-Icosenoic acid, δ13C; cis-13-Icosenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, δ13C; cis-13-Octadecenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-15-Docosenoic acid, δ13C; cis-15-Docosenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-9-Heptadecenoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid, δ13C; cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid); cis-9-Icosanoic acid, δ13C; cis-9-Icosanoic acid of total fatty acids; cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, δ13C; cis-9-Octadecenoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: Octadec-9-enoic acid); CSIA; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Date/time start; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, water; Depth comment; Docosanoic acid, δ13C; Event label; fatty acids; Fatty acids, free; Fatty alcohols; Gammarus wilkitzkii; Gas chromatograph, Agilent, 6890N; Gas chromatograph, Thermo Fisher Scientific, TRACE GC Ultra; coupled with Isotope ratio mass spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Delta V Plus; Gear; Helmer Hanssen; Heneicosanoic acid, δ13C; Heptadecanoic acid, δ13C; Heptadecanoic acid of total fatty acids; Hexadecanoic acid, δ13C; Hexadecanoic acid of total fatty acids; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, VWR, LaChrome Elite; coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), Sedere, SEDEX 75; ICE; Ice station; Icosanoic acid, δ13C; Icosanoic acid of total fatty acids; iso-Pentadecanoic acid of total fatty acids (IUPAC: 13-methyltetradecanoic acid); isotope analysis; LATITUDE; lipid classes; Lipids, total, per dry mass; LONGITUDE; Lyso-Phosphatidylcholines; Midwater Ring Net; Midwater trawl; MIK-N; MSN; Multiple opening/closing net; MWT; Name; Octadecanoic acid, δ13C; Octadecanoic acid of total fatty acids; Pentadecanoic acid, δ13C; Pentadecanoic acid of total fatty acids; Phosphatidylcholine; Phosphatidylethanolamine; Phosphatidylinositol; Phosphatidylserine; PNC17; PNC17_NS10-146; PNC17_NS1-105; PNC17_NS1-95; PNC17_NS4-112; PNC17_NS4-113; PNC17_NS6-120; PNC17_NS6-127; PNC17_NS6-128; PNC17_NS6-129; PNC17_NS9-136; PNC17_NS9-138; PNC18; PNC18_B34-46; PNC18_B34-61; polar night; Polarstern; PS106_27-1; PS106_28-2; PS106_32-2; PS106_45-1; PS106_49-5; PS106_50-5; PS106_63-1; PS106_64-2; PS106_65-4; PS106_66-3; PS106_70-1; PS106_72-5; PS106_73-7; PS106_74-4; PS106_74-5; PS106_76-3; PS106_76-4; PS106_79-1; PS106_80-3; PS106_83-6; PS106/1; PS106/2; Rectangular midwater trawl; RMT; Sample, dry mass; Sample amount; Sample ID; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Station label; Sterols; SUIT; Surface and under ice trawl; sympagic fauna; Tetradecanoic acid, δ13C; Tetradecanoic acid of total fatty acids; Themisto libellula; Thysanoessa inermis; Triacylglycerols; Wax esters; WP2; WP-2 towed closing plankton net; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3159 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    (Table 1) Composition of stomach and gut content of the amphipod Onisimus litoralis, and algal availability near Barrow, Alaska (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Gradinger, Rolf; Bluhm, Bodil Annikki (2010): Timing of Ice Algal Grazing by the Arctic Nearshore Benthic Amphipod Onisimus litoralis. Arctic, 63(3), 355-356, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1498
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Sea ice algae have been widely discussed as a potential food source for pelagic and benthic animals in ice-covered waters, specifically in the light of current substantial changes in the Arctic ice regime. Stomach and gut contents of the Arctic nearshore lysianassid amphipod Onisimus litoralis sampled from February to May 2003 indicate that Arctic ice algae were dominant food no earlier than the onset of ice melt. Crustaceans, common prey in a previous study, were absent in stomachs and guts during the survey period. Our data support the concept that sea ice-derived organic carbon is of specific relevance for Arctic plankton and benthos during the period of ice melt.
    Keywords: Barrow_coast2; Barrow, Alaska, USA; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Chlorophyll a per unit sediment mass; DATE/TIME; Depth, bottom/max; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; MULT; Multiple investigations; Onisimus litoralis, stomach content
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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