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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On testicular cooling in phocid seals (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Testicular and body core (intra-thoracic) temperatures were recorded in mature male harp seals (Pagophihis groenlandicus) just prior to the mating season. In phocid seals the testicles are outside the abdomen but protected under 7-8 cm of insulating skin and blubber. The temperature of the testicles was found to be 1–4°C lower than body core temperature. Inspection of the veins of the pelvic and hind-flipper region of a male ribbon seal (Histriophoca faciata) revealed that the testicles of phocid seals are enveloped in venous plexuses communicating with the veins of the hind flippers. It is suggested that cooling of the para-abdominal testicles of phocid seals is attained by passage of cold blood from the hind flippers through the extra-testicular plexuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00738.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian organization in reindeer (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 1095-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The light/dark cycle of day and night synchronizes an internal ‘biological clock’ that governs daily rhythms in behaviour, but this form of regulation is denied to polar animals for most of the year. Here we demonstrate that the continuous lighting conditions of summer and of winter ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4381095a
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and diving behaviour of crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) off Queen Maud Land (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) (three females, five males), ranging in body mass between 125 and 220 kg, were captured off Queen Maud Land (70–72°S, 7–16°W) during the last week of February, just after moulting, and tagged with Argos satellite-linked dive recorders to provide data on location and diving depth and duration. During the first few weeks of March the seals were moving in the pack ice along the continental shelf edge, close to the coast of Queen Maud Land. In April and May, when the pack ice extended northwards, most of the seals moved north, one reaching 63°S in late May. In the first half of June the two remaining seals turned south and moved back deep into the pack ice. The seals made about 150 dives per day each throughout the study period. Ninety percent of these were made to depths of less than 52 m. Individual maximum diving depths varied between 288 and 528 m. In March the seals were most active at night, when the dive depth was shallower than during the day. In April and May the seals were more active during day-time, with an absence of any diurnal change in divng depth. These results support the notion that crabeater seals predominantly feed on krill in Antarctic pack ice, even when winter returns to the waters off Queen Maud Land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual distribution of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Greenland and Norwegian seas (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) were tagged with satellite-linked platform terminal transmitters (PTT) on the sea ice near Jan Mayen. Fifteen were instrumented after completion of the mouly in July 1992 (five males, ten females, at 71°N, 12°W), and four during breeding in March 1993 (four females, at 69°N, 20°W). Sixteen of the seals were tagged with Satellite-Linked Time-Depth-Recorders (SLTDR), yielding location, dive depth and dive duration data. The average (±SD) longevity of all PTTs was 199±84 days (n=19; range: 43–340 days), and they yielded 12,834 location fixes. Between tagging in July 1992 and pupping in March 1993, two seals remained in or near the ice off the east coast of Greenland for most of the tracking period. However, most of the seals made one or several trips away from the ice edge, mostly to distant waters. These excursions had an average (±SD) duration of 47±22 days (n=46; range: 4–99 days). Eight seals travelled to waters off the Faeroe Islands, three to the continental shelf break south of Bear Island, and three to the Irminger Sea southwest of Iceland. Eleven seals were tracked in the period between breeding (March/April) and moulting (July). Several of these spent extended periods at sea west of the British Isles, or in the Norwegian Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual distribution of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Nineteen hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) were tagged with satellite-linked platform terminal transmitters (PTT) on the sea ice near Jan Mayen. Fifteen were instrumented after completion of the moult in July 1992 (five males, ten females, at 71°N, 12°W), and four during breeding in March 1993 (four females, at 69°N, 20°W). Sixteen of the seals were tagged with Satellite-Linked Time-Depth-Recorders (SLTDR), yielding location, dive depth and dive duration data. The average (±SD) longevity of all PTTs was 199±84 days (n=19; range: 43–340 days), and they yielded 12,834 location fixes. Between tagging in July 1992 and pupping in March 1993, two seals remained in or near the ice off the east coast of Greenland for most of the tracking period. However, most of the seals made one or several trips away from the ice edge, mostly to distant waters. These excursions had an average (±SD) duration of 47±22 days (n=46; range: 4–99 days). Eight seals travelled to waters off the Faeroe Islands, three to the continental shelf break south of Bear Island, and three to the Irminger Sea southwest of Iceland. Eleven seals were tracked in the period between breeding (March/April) and moulting (July). Several of these spent extended periods at sea west of the British Isles, or in the Norwegian Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gut length, food transit time and diving habit in phocid seals (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) has the ability to dive for 2 h and reach depths of 1200 m. This creature is also exceptional in having a small intestine that is 25 times body length. Krockenberger and Bryden advanced the hypothesis that the long small intestine has developed to compensate for the extended periods with reduced or even abolished intestinal blood perfusion during diving. To test this hypothesis we have measured small-intestinal lengths in crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus), Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii), Ross (Ommatophoca rossi), leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), harp (Phoca groenlandica), ringed (Phoca hispida) and hooded (Cystophora cristata) seals and related them to available data on their maximal dive duration. We found no significant correlation (P 〉 0.05) between intestinal length relative to body length and diving ability, but we found that small-intestinal internal area was significantly (P 〈 0.05) related to body length. A crude scanning electron microscopical examination of the small intestines of Weddell, crabeater, hooded and harp seals failed to reveal any gross anatomical differences between small-intestinal surfaces. This suggests that gut dimension in this variety of phocid species with widely differing diving ability is not related to diving habit, but is instead related to body size. The transit time of digesta was determined in two 1-year-old harp seals by use of radiopaque polyethylene rings of 4-mm diameter followed by X-ray examination, as markers for the solid phase passage, and chromium ethylene-diaminetetra acetic acid (Cr-EDTA) as a marker for the liquid phase. The transit time for the Cr-EDTA marker was 6.9 h ± 0.5 SE (range 4.5–8 h, n= 7), while 80% of the polyethylene markers appeared in the colon after 17.6 h ± 1.0 SE (range 14–21.5 h, n= 6) and were sometimes retained in the colon for several hours before defecation. These transit times did not change significantly (P 〉 0.05) in response to repetitive diving over a period of 8 h. This indicates that the often-used Cr-EDTA is not a good measure for digesta passage time when used alone in seals, and that the hypothesis of Krockenberger and Bryden is most likely wrong.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050298
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diving behaviour of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 61-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Satellite-linked dive recorders were used to collect data on depths and durations of ∼120,000 dives by 16 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata). Following tagging after moult (four males, eight females) and breeding (four females) off east Greenland, seals dispersed widely in the northeast Atlantic during 172 ± 97 days (mean satellite-linked dive recorder lifetime ± SD). Meso/bathypelagic dives of 5- to 25-min duration to 100–600 m dominated (75%), but some very deep (≥1016 m) and long (〉52 min) dives occurred. Diving in open ocean was continuous, with an estimated 90.7±0.8% (mean±SE) of time spent submerged. The proportion of time spent submerged was similar during night and day, but dives during the day were generally deeper and longer (P 〈 0.05) than during the night. Also, dives in winter were deeper and longer than in summer. Published data on the distribution of likely prey suggest that Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), redfish (Sebastes spp.), polar cod (Boreogadus saida), herring (Clupea harengus), squid (Gonatus fabricii) and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) are important prey of hooded seals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050391
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  • 8
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    Erratum to: Distribution, density and abundance of Antarctic ice seals off Queen Maud Land and the eastern Weddell Sea (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-19
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Seasonal distribution and dive behaviour of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) of the White Sea–Barents Sea stock (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-04
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Distribution and diving behaviour of crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) off Queen Maud Land (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0722-4060
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2056
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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