Publication Date:
2019
Description:
Abstract
We investigate regional sources contributing to CO during the KORUS‐AQ campaign conducted over Korea (May 1st to June 10th 2016) using 17 tagged CO simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM‐chem). The simulations use three spatial resolutions, three anthropogenic emission inventories, two meteorological fields, and nine emission scenarios. These simulations are evaluated against measurements from DC‐8 and MOPITT. Results show that simulations using bottom‐up emissions are consistently lower (bias: ‐34~‐39%) and poorer performing (Taylor skill: 0.38–0.61) than simulations using alternative anthropogenic emissions (bias: ‐6~‐33%; Taylor skill: 0.48–0.86), particularly for enhanced Asian CO and VOC emission scenarios, suggesting underestimation in modeled CO background and emissions in the region. The ranges of source contributions to modeled CO along DC‐8 from Korea and southern (90°E–123°E, 20°N–29°N), middle (90°E–123°E, 29°N–38.5°N), and northern (90°E–131.5°E, 38.5°N–45°N) East Asia (EA) are 6–13%, ~5%, 16–28%, and 9–18%, respectively. CO emissions from middle and northern EA can reach Korea via transport within the boundary layer, whereas those from southern EA are transported to Korea mainly through the free troposphere. Emission contributions from middle EA dominate during continental outflow events (29–51%), while Korean emissions play an overall more important role for ground sites (up to 25–49%) and plumes within the boundary layer (up to 25–44%) in Korea. Finally, comparisons with four other source contribution approaches (FLEXPART‐WRF back trajectories, WRF inert tracer, China signature VOCs, CO to CO2 enhancement ratios) show general consistency with CAM‐chem.
Print ISSN:
2169-897X
Electronic ISSN:
2169-8996
Topics:
Geosciences
,
Physics
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