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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 65 (1993), S. 1411-1418 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7300-7301 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The large amplitude tunneling motion of the HCl dimer has been directly studied with a tunable far-infrared laser sideband/two-dimensional free jet expansion spectrometer at hyperfine resolution. Rotationless tunneling rates for the three common chlorine isotopic forms are v(35–35) =463 979.2(1) MHz, v(35–37)=463 357.7(1) MHz, and v(37–37)=462 733.7(3) MHz. Both the rotational constants and hyperfine parameters indicate that the vibrationally averaged structure shows little variation within a given tunneling state, with both HCl bond angles giving an average projection on the a-axis of 47° in all states with resolved hyperfine patterns.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 1268-1276 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A tunable far infrared laser system has been used to measure the vibration–rotation spectrum of the lowest Σ bending state of ArHCl near 24 cm−1 in a cw planar jet operating with a terminal jet temperature near 3 K. Over 60 transitions have been observed for both 35Cl and 37Cl isotopes with resolution of the quadrupole hyperfine structure. An improved set of molecular parameters was determined, including B, D, H, and eqQ for both upper and lower states. Very narrow linewidths (approximately 300 kHz) resulting in high resolution and sensitivity make this technique a powerful new method for the detailed investigation of intermolecular forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4494-4504 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first high resolution spectra of a rare gas–H2O cluster have been observed using a tunable far infrared laser to probe the vibration–rotation–tunneling levels of Ar–H2O formed in a continuous planar supersonic jet. The high sensitivity of this spectrometer facilitated extensive measurements of two perpendicular subbands which are assigned to transitions from the ground state to the upper component of a hydrogen exchange tunneling doublet (c-type) at 21 cm−1, and to vb1 =1+ (b-type) at 25 cm−1, the lower tunneling component of a bending vibration which is perpendicular to the tunneling coordinate. The tunneling splitting is shown to be in the range 2.5–7 cm−1 and the lower tunneling component of the excited bending vibration lies between 39 and 43 cm−1 above the ground state of the complex. The experimentally determined center-of-mass separation (Rc.m. =3.75 A(ring)) and harmonic stretching force constant (ks =0.0134 mdyn/A(ring)) are compared to those of related first and second row hydrides. The large amplitude motions occurring within this complex make it difficult to establish its structure.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 824-825 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several far-infrared vibration-rotation-tunneling transitions have been measured in deuterated isotopomers of Ar–H2O for the first time. These experimental results will enable the generation of improved intermolecular potential energy surfaces for the Ar–H2O system when combined with existing microwave, far-infrared, and infrared data.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fifty-six transitions from the K=1 lower→K=2 lower tunneling–rotation band of water dimer have been measured and assigned at 22 cm−1 by direct absorption spectroscopy in a cw planar supersonic jet expansion using a tunable far infrared laser spectrometer. Two different models were used to fit the data and several spectroscopic constants were determined for the upper and lower states. This work supports the local IAM model recently proposed by Coudert and Hougen for the hydrogen bond tunneling dynamics of the water dimer. This model includes four different tunneling motions, all of which contribute to the observed tunneling splittings. This is the most complicated hydrogen bonded system considered to be well understood at this time, at least in the lowest few K states.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 6577-6587 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ground state Ka =0(u)→1(g) b-type subband of the rotation–tunneling spectrum of the symmetric 35Cl–35Cl, 37Cl–37Cl, and the mixed 35Cl–37Cl hydrogen chloride dimers have been recorded near 26.3 cm−1 with sub-Doppler resolution in a continuous two-dimensional supersonic jet with a tunable far-infrared laser spectrometer. Quadrupole hyperfine structure from the chlorine nuclei has been resolved. From the fitted rotational constants a (H35Cl)2 center-of-mass separation of 3.81 A(ring) is derived for the Ka =1(g) levels, while the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants yield a vibrationally averaged angular structure for both tunneling states of approximately 20–25 deg for the hydrogen bonded proton and at least 70–75 deg for the external proton. This nearly orthogonal structure agrees well with that predicted by ab initio theoretical calculations, but the observed splittings and intensity alterations of the lines indicate that the chlorine nuclei are made equivalent by a large amplitude tunneling motion of the HCl monomers. A similar geared internal rotation tunneling motion has been found for the HF dimer, but here the effect is much greater. The ground state tunneling splittings are estimated to lie between 15–18 cm−1, and the selection rules observed indicate that the trans tunneling path dominates the large amplitude motion, as expected, provided the dimer remains planar. From the observed hyperfine constants, we judge the dimer and its associated tunneling motion to be planar to within 10°.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 6276-6281 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Over 70 transitions among the lowest six vibrational states of C35Cl+ and C37Cl+ have been measured between 1070–1210 cm−1. The spectrum has been fitted to a sixth order Dunham expansion to yield an accurate mapping of the Born–Oppenheimer potential function of CCl+. The spectroscopic constants obtained are ωe =1177.7196(8) cm−1, ωexe =6.6475(3) cm−1, and Be =0.797 940(3) cm−1. The rotational constants for both CCl+ isotopes reported here show the results of the previous electronic emission studies to be incorrect. A fit of the data to a Morse function yields a dissociation energy D of 52 828(50) cm−1. The rotational temperature has been determined as 540 K±30%. The increase in the effective vibrational temperature with vibrational excitation indicates that CCl+ is formed with high internal energy.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 36 (1998), S. 317-368 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of the chemical processes that occur during all stages of the formation of stars, from the collapse of molecular clouds to the assemblage of icy planetesimals in protoplanetary accretion disks, are reviewed. Observational studies of the circumstellar material within 100-10,000 AU of the young star with (sub)millimeter single-dish telescopes, millimeter interferometers, and ground-based as well as space-borne infrared observatories have only become possible within the past few years. Results are compared with detailed chemical models that emphasize the coupling of gas-phase and grain-surface chemistry. Molecules that are particularly sensitive to different routes of formation and that may be useful in distinguishing between a variety of environments and histories are outlined. In the cold, low-density prestellar cores, radicals and long unsaturated carbon chains are enhanced. During the cold collapse phase, most species freeze out onto the grains in the high-density inner region. Once young stars ignite, their surroundings are heated through radiation and/or shocks, whereupon new chemical characteristics appear. Evaporation of ices drives a "hot core" chemistry rich in organic molecules, whereas shocks propagating through the dense envelope release both refractory and volatile grain material, resulting in prominent SiO, OH, and H2O emission. The role of future instrumentation in further developing these chemical and temporal diagnostics is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 3782-3790 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rotation-tunneling a-type spectra of CH3OH(centered ellipsis)H2O and CH3OD(centered ellipsis)D2O were recorded between 18 and 60 GHz using direct absorption microwave spectroscopy, and for CH3OH(centered ellipsis)H2O, 13CH3OH(centered ellipsis)H2O, CH3OH(centered ellipsis)DOH, CD3OH(centered ellipsis)H2O, and CH3OD(centered ellipsis)D2O between 7 and 24 GHz using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Because CH3OH and H2O are capable of both accepting and donating hydrogen bonds, there exists some question as to which donor–acceptor pairing of the molecules is the lowest energy form. This question is further emphasized by the ambiguity and variety present in previous experimental and computational results. Transitions arising from the methyl torsional A state were assigned in each of the studied isotopomers, and for the A and E states in CH3OH(centered ellipsis)H2O. While the measured components of the dipole moment for the parent (H,12C,16O) isotopomer—μa=7.956±0.03×10−30 C m (2.385±0.008 D), μb=3.636±0.02×10−30 C m (1.090±0.006 D), μc=0.43±0.47×10−30 C m (0.13±0.14 D), where the errors correspond to 1σ uncertainties—are consistent with either conformation, the fit of the structure to the rotational constants demonstrates unambiguously that the lower-energy conformation formed in supersonically cooled molecular beams corresponds to a water–donor, methanol–acceptor complex. The results and implications for future work are also discussed in terms of the permutation-inversion theory presented by Hougen and Ohashi [J. Mol. Spectros. 159, 363 (1993)]. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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