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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary carotenoids block photocarcinogenic enhancement by benzo (a)pyrene and inhibit its carcinogenesis in the dark (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1043-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carotenoids β-carotene (C) and canthaxanthine (CX), with and without pro-vitamin A activity, respectively, when perorally administered to mice, markedly prevent benzo(a)pyrene photocarcinogenic enhancement (BP-PCE), continue to block such BP-PCE and protect significantly against BP carcinogenesis in mice maintained in the dark. These results appear relevant to both the pathogenesis of chemical carcinogenesis and rational programs of skin cancer prevention in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989795
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution de certaines bactéries hétérotrophes aérobies dans les sédiments profonds de Méditerranée Orientale (1971)
    Springer
    Marine biology 11 (1971), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'étude de 95 échantillons prélevés sur 16 carottes effectuées en Méditerranée Orientale à des profondeurs comprises entre 283 et 4350 m, a montré que, dans les sédiments superficiels, les populations bactériennes supérieures à 105 germes/cm3 de sédiment sont exceptionnelles, au moins dans la zone océanique étudiée. Au-delà de 1000 m les populations bactériennes ne sont que très rarement supérieures à 104 germes/cm3. 2. Etant rappelé que la population bactérienne moyenne des sédiments littoraux est comprise entre 5.105 et 6.106 germes/cm3, il apparaît que la portion du sol des océans favorable à la prolifération bactérienne est particulièrement limitée. 3. De même, ce n'est que dans les sédiments superficiels que la microflore est relativement abondante. Au-delà de 50 cm d'épaisseur sédimentaire, les populations bactériennes supérieures à 103 germes/cm3 de sédiment sont rares. 4. L'étude des divers groupements physiologiques bactériens montre la rareté des germes chitinolytiques et agarolytiques et l'absence de germes cellulolytiques et sulfato-réducteurs. Par contre, amylolytiques, gélatinolytiques, lipolytiques et réducteurs de nitrate sont bien représentés. Les germes auxotrophes ne représentent qu'une part peu importante de ces populations bactériennes.
    Notes: Abstract Ninety five sediment samples were extracted from 16 cores collected at depths from 283 to 4,350 m in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Generally, the microbial population of superficial layers is lower than 105 bacteria/g sediment. At depths below 1,000 m this population is lower than 104. Bacterial counts at different levels of the sediment show that the microbial population is only important in the superficial layer. Below the surface, bacterial counts are generally between 102 to 103 cells/ml. Some levels appear to be sterile; none of the 12 culture media gave rise to development with the sediment samples. Studies of some physiological groups of bacteria show scarcity of chitinoclastic and agarolytic bacteria and absence of cellulolytic and sulphate reducers. On the other hand, amylolytic, gelatinolytic, lypolytic and nitrate-reducing bacteria are widely distributed among the microbial population of marine sediments. This population of deep sediments includes a few auxotrophic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microbial seeding of crude oil in seawater in a model system (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 78 (1983), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The adding of a mixed culture of marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to petroleum polluted seawater did not increase the hydrocarbon degradation capability of the water. All the strains of the mixed culture disappeared from the dominant microflora while the autochthonous bacteria showed a capacity for adaptation to petroleum degradation about four days after the oil spill. This confirms the advantage of natural bacterial communities. The oil spilled on the sea surface evolved very quickly under the influence of abiotic factors such as sunlight. Aromatic petroleum fractions were oxidized and polymerized. This chemical evolution causes a drastic decrease of the biodegradability of crude oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392966
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations de la concentration bactérienne dans les eaux et les sédiments littoraux (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 22 (1973), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Les numérations de population bactérienne effectuées bi-mensuellement pendant deux années consécutives à 5 stations de prélèvement situées sur le littoral provençal, montrent que les populations bactériennes des eaux du fond ne sont pas liées aux caractéristiques chimiques et biologiques des sédiments qu'elles recouvrent. Elles sont, par contre, fortement influencées par les apports d'eau douce qui favorisent les concentrations bactériennes élevées. 2. Dans les sédiments, la concentration bactérienne est liée à la teneur de la réserve organique. Il n'apparait pas de relation avec la microflore des aux ou le peuplement macrobenthique. 3. En raison de la rapide diminution de la concentration bactérienne dans l'épaisseur sédimentaire, ainsi qu'en fonction de l'éloignement du rivage, on peut estimer que la zone d'activité intense des germes hétérotrophes est extrêmement limitée par rapport à la surface océanique. C'est done probablement dans les masses d'eau et non dans les sédiments que doit se dérouler la plus grande part des phénomènes de transformation du matériel organique. 4. L'amplitude des variations observées en cours d'année est nettement supérieure à celle résultant de l'imprécision des numérations bactériennes ou de l'échantillonnage. Certaines poussées, apparaissant simultanément aux différents niveaux sédimentaires et à différentes stations, semblent liées à l'évolution générale de facteurs écologiques. 5. Dans les sédiments on ne peut pas relier les variations annuelles à l'évolution des populations macrobenthiques, non plus qu'à celles de la réserve organique globale. Dans les aux, les poussées bactériennes paraissent succéder aux poussées phytoplanctoniques. La période de production bactérienne la plus intense se situe pendant la saison chaude, à l'inverse de ce qu'on observe pour les populations phytoplanctoniques.
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial counts, carried out bi-mouthly over 2 years, at diverse localities on the Provence shores (France), revealed that the bottom-water microflora is not dependent on chemical and biological characteristics of the upper sediment layer. Freshwater inflow, polluted or non-polluted, and high concentrations of suspended particulate matter usually induce the highest bacterial counts. The concentration of microflora in marine muds and sands is connected with their organic content. There is no apparent correlation with water microflora concentration or macrobenthos density. The area of highest bacterial concentration is restricted to a narrow, thin belt of littoral sediment. Bacterial transformation is probably more important in the water mass as a whole than in marine deposits. The annual range of variations in microflora distribution is higher than the range which was encountered when testing the validity of the bacterial count method with the sampling technique employed. Certain bacterial concentrations, appearing simultaneously in different sediment layers and at different stations seem to be related to ecological factors. Such variations seem to realize a true annual cycle. The highest counts occur during the warm season, unlike the phytoplankter populations. Bacterial proliferation in water masses usually succeeds to phytoplankton blooms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388906
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial flora from echinoderm guts and associated sediment in the abyssal Vema Fault (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 79 (1984), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individuals of the asteroid Solaster sp. and the holothurian Pseudostichopus villosus (Theel) were collected from deep-sea bottom of the Vema fault in the mid-Atlantic ridge during the BIOVEMA cruise (November, 1977) of the R.V. “Jean Charcot”. Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria of the guts were isolated, identified and compared with bacterial isolates from surface sediment of the same area. Bacterial population structures displayed a predominance of Gram-negative rods in the echinoderm guts and a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria (particularly cocci) in the surface sediment. Investigation of the metabolic potentialities of the isolates suggested that the microflora of echinoderms, and in particular of the Asteroidea, have more specialized orientations in the catabolism of organic compounds. Single-linkage cluster analysis of all the isolates (130 strains) based on 139 phenotypic features revealed that out of 15 identified clusters, only one included both enteric and sediment isolates. The bacteria in this cluster were similar to the genus Micrococcus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted recognition of H-2 subregion coded alloantigens in delayed-type hypersensitivity (1984)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 20 (1984), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Subcutaneous (sc) immunization of mice with H-2K, I, or D incompatible spleen cells induces a state of host-versus-graft (HvG) delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The DTH reaction is elicited by challenging the immunized mice in a hind foot with similar allogeneic spleen cells and is measured as the subsequent foot swelling. DTH effector T cells specific for H-2I-coded alloantigens, but not for H-2K/D-coded alloantigens, can be induced in a graft-versus-host (GvH) model as well. In this paper we report that under HvG as well as under GvH conditions the recognition of class II antigens by DTH effector T cells is restricted by class I molecules. Furthermore, DTH effector T cells induced by sc immunization with class I antigens appear to be restricted by class II molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotation, nitrogen fertilization and management of crop residues on some chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of soil (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Catalase activity ; Crop rotation ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Microbial biomass ; Nitrogen fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A long-term experiment, which started in 1971 near Perugia, central Italy, was performed to investigate the effect of different crop residue management practices and rotation systems on some soil properties. Twenty years after the beginning of the experiment, chemical (organic C, total N, humified organic C, humic and fulvic acids), microbiological and biochemical parameters (microbial biomass, global hydrolase activity, dehydrogenase and catalase activities) were investigated. Two crop residue management practices were used in the experiment, i.e. removal (RCR soils) and burial (BCR soils). These treatments were factorially combined with eight rotation systems, i.e. five maize-wheat rotations of different lengths (M-1W, M-2W, M-3W, M-4W and M-5W) and three continuous wheat systems with different fertilization inputs, from 150 to 250 kg N ha–1. Soil samples were collected in the spring of 1991 for chemical determinations, and in the spring and autumn of 1992, 1993 and 1994, for microbiological and biochemical determinations. All soil chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters investigated showed significant differences depending on the management of the crop residues. The BCR soils showed more favourable characteristics. In contrast, few significant effects were observed in relation to rotation and N-fertilization treatment. Significant correlations were found between organic-C content and all microbiological and biochemical parameters, as well as between the microbiological and biochemical parameters themselves, indicating that organic-C content plays an important role in determining the level of soil enzyme activity and, consequently, of soil fertility. This experiment showed that burying crop residues in soil can be considered good agronomic practice, which may help limit the gradual depletion of soil organic matter and improve the chemical properties of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050249
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knobs in Italian maize (1963)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 14 (1963), S. 601-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cytological survey of 425 samples of maize from all over Italy has brought to light some further knob-like structures in addition to those already known, on pachytene chromosomes 1, 3, 8 and 10 and with particularly high frequency, on 7. The general average for knob number is anyway rather low, about 2,7. The data show very few knobs on the chromosomes from the maize of southern Italy, a slightly higher number on the chromosomes of maize from central Italy, and about twice the number in north Italy. This is also true of the single knobs studied, with very limited exceptions. B-type chromosomes, although very rare, show a negative correlation with the knob number. The number and the type of knobs may be of great importance in studying evolutionary processes, as well as in breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326514
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of 2,4-Dinitrophenol on Anion Transport by an Intestinal in vitro Preparation (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 1099-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The behaviour of the anion transport when DNP is added to the preparation seems also to support the view of an active chloride transport. Preliminary results8 were obtained by perfusing the intestine on both sides with an apparatus similar to that used by Smyth and Taylor6. The results reported ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1991099a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase: Isozymic Identification and Studies of Its Regulation during Development and Altered Nutrition
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 192 (1993), S. 820-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1488
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