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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-12-14
    Description: A simple deformation criterion based on Dugdale’s cohesive zone model is presented. The criterion can be used for both the experimental determination of the critical stress intensity factor, KIc, and the critical tip opening displacement, CTODc. It can also be applied for the evaluation of the load capacity of structural elements. The criterion is presented in explicit and compact form, which allows straightforward calculations to be performed for the estimation of KIc and CTODc values from the experimental data obtained from samples with a U-shaped notch, rounded with an arbitrary radius. Thanks to the simple form of the approximate relationship between the maximal load level and the dimensionless notch tip opening displacement, the reverse procedure was obtained, i.e., the estimation of the value of the maximal force loading the structural element as a function of the known critical stress intensity factor.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-12-20
    Description: One of the fundamental problems of modern geodesy is precise defi nition of the gravitational fi eld and its changes in time. This is essential in positioning and navigation, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography and other sciences related to the climate and Earth’s environment. One of the major sources of gravity data is satellite altimetry that provides gravity data with almost 75% surface of the Earth. Satellite altimetry also provides data to study local, regional and global geophysical processes, the geoid model in the areas of oceans and seas. This technique can be successfully used to study the ocean mean dynamic topography. The results of the investigations and possible products of altimetry will provide a good material for the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) and institutions of IAS (International Altimetry Service). This paper presents the achievements in satellite altimetry in all the above disciplines obtained in the last years. First very shorly basic concept of satellite altimetry is given. In order to obtain the highest accuracy on range measurements over the ocean improved of altimetry waveforms performed on the ground is described. Next, signifi cant improvements of sea and ocean gravity anomalies models developed presently is shown. Study of sea level and its extremes examined, around European and Australian coasts using tide gauges data and satellite altimetry measurements were described. Then investigations of the phenomenon of the ocean tides, calibration of altimeters, studies of rivers and ice-sheets in the last years are given.
    Print ISSN: 2080-6736
    Electronic ISSN: 2300-2581
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by De Gruyter
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-09-01
    Description: The aim of this work is to explore, for the first time in Poland, the possibility of determining Earth’s crust movements from permanent observations at selected permanent stations using the GipsyX software for a period of 8 years (2011–2018) in the ITRF2014 reference frame. The data used in this work are from 15 Aktywna Sieć Geodezyjna (ASG)-EUPOS stations from 2011 to 2018, which are also European Permanent Network (EPN) stations. The stations Borowa Góra, Borowiec, Józefosław, Lamkówko, and Wroclaw are also International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations. Daily data, rinex files, for these stations have been made available for this work by the Main Office of Surveying and Cartography. The calculations were made using the GipsyX software in the ITRF14 reference frame. The tests performed have shown that daily solutions from 8-year-long time series give secular trends with an accuracy of 0.01 mm/yr. Our results suggest that there are small differences in horizontal and vertical velocities and in the accuracy estimated between our and EPN solutions. At some stations, for example, Łódź, the differences are much larger. The impact of additional GNSS observations on the accuracy of determination of horizontal and vertical movements of the Earth’s crust shows a submillimeter accuracy in computed coordinates of stations even at a relatively small time interval. It means that multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing can be used in the future for the estimation of geodynamic processes.
    Print ISSN: 0208-841X
    Electronic ISSN: 2083-6104
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by De Gruyter
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