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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic relationships among the shads (Alosa) revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We surveyed restriction site differences in mitochondrial DNA. (mtDNA) among five species of shad (Alosa) from North America and Europe. Allis shad, Alosa alosa and twaite shad, Alosa fallax shared two divergent genotype groups, suggesting that the two forms are either a single species, or are distinct species that have hybridized. Phenetic and cladistic analyses of the relationships among the mitochondrial genotypes defined two groups of shad, corresponding to the subgenera, Alosa and Pomolobus. The mean estimated sequence divergence between the mtDNAs of these two groups of shad was 6.5%. Taken in conjunction with fossil data, this divergence estimate suggests that the rate of mtDNA divergence between the two subgenera has been almost 10-fold lower than the ‘conventional’ clock calibration for mtDNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01165.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel synthetic probe for DNA fingerprinting salmonid fishes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The synthesis and use of a novel DNA probe that gives clear, highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints for salmonid fishes is described. When used at high stringency, the Ssal-rep probe detects a group of minisatellite sequences limited to the Salmonidae and related families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00431.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of twenty low stutter di- and tetranucleotide microsatellites for population analyses of walleye pollock and other gadoids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fourteen tetra- and six dinucleotide microsatellites, which exhibit minimal stuttering following amplification via PCR were developed from walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. Most of these loci were isolated from a library enriched for tetranucleotide microsatellites by hybridization of genomic DNA to (gata)7 oligonucleotides bound to streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. The average heterozygosity of these loci is ∼80%, and ranges from 53–95%. Mendelian inheritance was confirmed in five families, each consisting of a minimum of 10 or more offspring. Primer sets for all 20 loci were also evaluated in Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus, sa.ron cod Eleginus gracilis, Pacific hake Merluccius productus, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, and European hake Merluccius merluccius. In each of these species, 3–19 primer sets amplified variable microsatellite loci. These loci, which exhibit little stutter and moderate to high variability, should be useful population markers in pollock and other gadoid fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02124.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex-biased marine survival and growth in a population of coho salmon (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Examination of historical records for coho salmon in Big Beef Creek, in western Washington, U.S.A., indicated that more adult males than females returned to spawn, and that the mean length of the females exceeded that of males. Sex-biased survival and faster growth among females are unusual among salmonids but precedented in some other coho salmon populations. To help determine the stage of life at which sex-biased mortality might occur, the sex-linked GH-ψH pseudogene was used to determine the sex of smolts emigrating from Big Beef Creek in 1995–1997. In each of the 3 years the sex ratio was indistinguishable from 50:50, indicating similar survival rates in fresh water, and implying that the male and female coho salmon follow different foraging strategies when they are at sea. The female strategy apparently results in greater mortality, but benefits survivors with greater size. The male strategy appears to allow greater survival at the cost of reduced size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00591.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic structuring among Alaskan Pacific herring populations identified using microsatellite variation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Five highly variable microsatellite loci were used to investigate population structuring in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi collected from Kodiak Island, two sites in the Bering Sea and four sites within Prince William Sound, Alaska. All loci revealed high levels of variability with heterozygosity estimates ranging from 86 to 97% (mean heterozygosity: 89%). The variation was structured significantly among sites suggesting that the samples investigated were genetically distinct from each other. Genetic divergence was greatest between populations from the Bering Sea and those from Prince William Sound. The Kodiak Island and Point Chalmers samples appeared to be distinct from the Prince William Sound and Bering Sea populations. The observed genetic distance relationships among samples could be explained largely in terms of geographical separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00117.x
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  • 6
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    A migration-associated supergene reveals loss of biocomplexity in Atlantic cod (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Chromosome structural variation may underpin ecologically important intraspecific diversity by reducing recombination within supergenes containing linked, coadapted alleles. Here, we confirm that an ancient chromosomal rearrangement is strongly associated with migratory phenotype and individual genetic structure in Atlantic cod (〈i〉Gadus morhua〈/i〉) across the Northwest Atlantic. We reconstruct trends in effective population size over the last century and reveal declines in effective population size matching onset of industrialized harvest (after 1950). We find different demographic trajectories between individuals homozygous for the chromosomal rearrangement relative to heterozygous or homozygous individuals for the noninverted haplotype, suggesting different selective histories across the past 150 years. These results illustrate how chromosomal structural diversity can mediate fine-scale genetic, phenotypic, and demographic variation in a highly connected marine species and show how overfishing may have led to loss of biocomplexity within Northern cod stock.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Skate epigenics and climate (2016)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-28
    Description: The relative importance of genetic versus epigenetic changes in adaptive evolution is a hotly debated topic, with studies showing that some species appear to be able to adapt rapidly without significant genetic change. Epigenetic mechanisms may be particularly important for the evolutionary potential of species with long maturation times and low reproductive potential (‘K-strategists’), particularly when faced with rapidly changing environmental conditions. Here we study the transcriptome of two populations of the winter skate ( Leucoraja ocellata ), a typical ‘K-strategist’, in Atlantic Canada; an endemic population in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence and a large population on the Scotian Shelf. The endemic population has been able to adapt to a 10°C higher water temperature over short evolutionary time (7000 years), dramatically reducing its body size (by 45%) significantly below the minimum maturation size of Scotian Shelf and other populations of winter skate, as well as exhibiting other adaptations in life history and physiology. We demonstrate that the adaptive response to selection has an epigenetic basis, cataloguing 3653 changes in gene expression that may have enabled this species to rapidly respond to the novel environment. We argue that the epigenetic augmentation of species evolutionary potential (its regulation though gene expression) can enable K-strategists to survive and adapt to different environments, and this mechanism may be particularly important for the persistence of sharks, skates and rays in the light of future climate change.
    Keywords: genomics, ecology, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 8
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    Range-wide parallel climate-associated genomic clines in Atlantic salmon (2017)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: Clinal variation across replicated environmental gradients can reveal evidence of local adaptation, providing insight into the demographic and evolutionary processes that shape intraspecific diversity. Using 1773 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms we evaluated latitudinal variation in allele frequency for 134 populations of North American and European Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). We detected 84 (4.74%) and 195 (11%) loci showing clinal patterns in North America and Europe, respectively, with 12 clinal loci in common between continents. Clinal single nucleotide polymorphisms were evenly distributed across the salmon genome and logistic regression revealed significant associations with latitude and seasonal temperatures, particularly average spring temperature in both continents. Loci displaying parallel clines were associated with several metabolic and immune functions, suggesting a potential basis for climate-associated adaptive differentiation. These climate-based clines collectively suggest evidence of large-scale environmental associated differences on either side of the North Atlantic. Our results support patterns of parallel evolution on both sides of the North Atlantic, with evidence of both similar and divergent underlying genetic architecture. The identification of climate-associated genomic clines illuminates the role of selection and demographic processes on intraspecific diversity in this species and provides a context in which to evaluate the impacts of climate change.
    Keywords: genomics, ecology, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
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    A climate-associated multispecies cryptic cline in the northwest Atlantic (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-29
    Description: The spatial genetic structure of most species in the open marine environment remains largely unresolved. This information gap creates uncertainty in the sustainable management, recovery, and associated resilience of marine communities and our capacity to extrapolate beyond the few species for which such information exists. We document a previously unidentified multispecies biogeographic break aligned with a steep climatic gradient and driven by seasonal temperature minima in the northwest Atlantic. The coherence of this genetic break across our five study species with contrasting life histories suggests a pervasive macroecological phenomenon. The integration of this genetic structure with habitat suitability models and climate forecasts predicts significant variation in northward distributional shifts among populations and availability of suitable habitat in future oceans. The results of our integrated approach provide new perspective on how cryptic intraspecific diversity associated with climatic variation influences species and community response to climate change beyond simple poleward shifts.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-20
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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