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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 22 (1975), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les nymphes du premier stade deByrsotria fumigata s'agrègent sur la mère et autour d'elle jusqu'au deuxième stade. Une mère deB. fumigata manifeste son comportement parental en soulevant le corps pour permettre aux nymphes de s'agréger sous elle. Le stimulus responsable de l'agrégation est une phéromone qu'on peut extraire des fèces. C'est par chémoréception de contact que les nymphes du premier stade s'orientent par rapport à la phéromone. Nous n'avons pas observé d'attraction interspécifique à la phéromone d'agrégation produite par les glandes mandibulaires deBlaberus craniifer.
    Notes: Summary First instar nymphs ofByrsotria fumigata aggregate under and around their mother until the second stage. Brooding behavior is exhibited by a female parentB. fumigata by raising her body to allow nymphs access to the aggregation space beneath. Stimulus for aggregation is a pheromone present in and extractable from feces. Contact chemoreception was found to be the major sensory modality used by first instar nymphs in orientation to a pheromone source. No interspecific attraction to the aggregation pheromone from mandibular glands ogBlaberus craniifer was observed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Eine neue Beobachtungsmethode wird verwendet, um das Verhalten vonLasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) zu analysieren. Drei Gruppen werden dabei untersucht: Königinnen, Wächter und Sammelbienen. Diese Gruppen zeigen wesentliche Unterschiede in einigen Verhaltensmerkmalen. Es wurde nie beobachtet, dass Wächter eines Volkes die eines anderen Volkes passierten, was ein gewöhnliches Verhalten für Bienen von selben Volke ist. Sammelbienen und Königinnen dagegen passieren häufig. Wächter rufen in Sammelbienen öfter unterwürfiges Verhalten hervor als umgekehrt. 2. Königinnen sind in zwei Körpermessungen wesentlich grösser als Wächter, und Wächter wesentlich grösser als Sammelbienen. Im Durchschnitt haben Königinnen den grössten Eierstock, Wächter den zweitgrössten und Sammelbienen den Kleinsten. 3. Eine Beziehung zwischen Eierstockentwicklung und dominantem Verhalten kann angenommen, aber nicht schlüssig bewiesen werden. 4. Junge, einen Tag alte Bienen mit noch keinerlei sozialer Erfahrung zeigen normales soziales Verhalten und passieren andere Bienen, was fünf Tage alte, un erfahrene Bienen dagegen nicht tun. Es gibt offensichtlich eine kritische Periode in der Varhaltensentwicklung der Einzeltiere, nach der sie kein normales Verhalten zeigen können. 5. Treffen Mitglieder verschiedener Gruppen aufeinander, so können Einzeltiere schnell den Status ihres Gegenübers einschätzen und die angemessene Verhaltensreation zeigen.
    Notes: Summary 1. A new method of observation is used to assay the behavior of three groups of individuals from colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). These groups (queens, guards, and foragers) differ significantly in several behavioral attributes. Guards were never observed to pass non-nestmate guards, a common interaction among nestmates. Foragers and queens pass frequently. Guards elicit submissive behavior from foragers more frequently than foragers elicit submissive behavior in guards. 2. Queens are significantly larger in two body size measurements than guards, and guards are significantly larger than foragers. Queens have the largest ovaries, guards the second largest, and foragers the smallest, on the average. 3. A relationship between ovarian development and dominance behavior is suggested but not conclusively demonstrated. 4. Young (1 day old) bees with no social experience engage in normal social interactions, including passing, but older (5 day old) inexperienced bees do not pass; there is apparently a critical period in the behavioral development of individuals after which the cannot engage in normal social interactions. 5. In encounters between members of different groups individuals can rapidly assess the status of the individual which they are encountering and display the appropriate behavioral response.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 20 (1973), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié les facteurs hormonaux, nutritionnels et environnementaux influençant la vitellogenèse des femelles deLasioglossum zephyrum élevées dans des tubes en plastique ou dans des nids en verre. Une source de protéines est nécessaire pour l'initiation du développement des œufs. De plus, il apparaît que l'ingestion de protéines déclenche la sécrétion d'hormone juvénile qui est suivie du début de la vitellogenèse. Des interactions sociales ne sont pas nécessaires au développement ovarien, bien que le nid lui-même, avec du terreau pour faire les cellules, semble stimuler l'ingestion de protéines et, par conséquent, la vitellogenèse. L'inhibition du développement des œufs chez les «ouvrières» par la «reine» peut être levée par le traitement des ouvrières avec de l'hormone juvénile, suggérant que l'inhibition passe par les corpora allata.
    Notes: Summary Hormonal, nutritional, and environmental factors influencing vitellogenesis inLasioglossum zephyrum females were studied in bees maintained in plastic vials or in glass nest sites. A protein source is necessary for initiation of egg development. Further, it appears that protein ingestion triggers juvenile hormone secretion which is followed by the initiation vitellogenesis. Social interactions are not required for ovarian development, although the nest site itself, with soil for making cells, seems to stimulate protein ingestion and therefore vitellogenesis. Inhibition of egg development in «worker» bees exerted by the «queen» can be overcome by treating «workers» with juvenile hormone, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated through the corpora allata.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 175 (1974), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary UnfertilizedCiona eggs were centrifuged, stratifying their mitochondria and some other cytoplasmic components. Each centrifuged egg had a mitochondria-free, centripetal clear layer that was contiguous with centrifugal layers containing mitochondria. By cutting centrifuged eggs in two at various levels along the centripetal-centrifugal axis, it was possible to obtain centripetal fragments including virtually no mitochondria, about one-tenth of the uncut egg's mitochondria or about one-fourth of the uncut egg's mitochondria. Most of these centripetal fragments, when fertilized, developed into larvae. However, only the centripetal fragments that included about one-fourth of the uncut egg's mitochondria developed into larvae giving the cytochemical reaction for cholinesterase, a convenient indicator of muscle cell differentiation inCiona. Therefore, the inclusion of a minimum number of mitochondria (more than one-tenth but less than one-fourth the number in the uncut egg) is correlated with muscle cell differentiation in larvae developing from the centripetal fragments. The possible influences of mitochondria and of other cytoplasmic components on muscle differentiation are discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The major releasing stimulus in intraspecific nest defense ofLasioglossum zephyrum is the odor emitted by a non-resident bee. Non-resident bees older than two days emit the releasing odor and elicit aggressiveness by guard bees, whereas younger non-resident bees are accepted more often. Defense motivation is a function of nest age and/or ontogeny. As nests become older and cells are constructed and provisioned, there is a gradual increase in guard aggressiveness, although no one attribute of nest ontogeny (such as cell construction) seems to be a definitive point at which nest defense is initiated, nor is there any specific day after the emergence of the first bee when nest defense begins. The guard plays the major role in rejecting intruders, although other members of the colony may do so if a non-resident bee passes the guard and enters the nest.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 183-193 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraspecific nest defense inLasioglossum zephyrum involves specific agonistic action patterns by guard bees released by non-resident intruders. When guards are not highly motivated, intention movements are exhibited which also occur in the context of more aggressive interactions. Antennation, either mutual or by one bee, usually occurs prior to aggressive movements. Two main action patterns occur when a non-resident bee attempts to enter a nest: (1) the guard blocks the nest entrance with the abdomen, which often leads to backing movements and abdominal thrusts to eject the intruder, (2) the guard assumes a fight posture with head and abdomen extended toward the intruder; from the fighting posture, lunging often results in which the guard moves forward, alternating between head (mandibular) and abdomen (sting) thrusts. Most interactions are one-sided, with the intruder retreating from the guard, but mutual more intense fighting does occur.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In laboratory colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum, derived from unrelated pupae and in nests with identical soil and food sources, guards recognize non-resident conspecifics on the basis of odor discrimination. Odors which are important in this recognition mechanism seem to be individual bee odors. The system of recognition may be one of the following: 1. The guard recognizes the summation of odors emitted by all resident bees, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor which is not part of this repertoire elicits aggressive responses by the guard, or 2. the guard becomes habituated to the odors of each resident bee, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor to which the guard is not habituated, elicits aggressive responses.
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