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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of beta-strand residues to serologic epitopes on the A β k polypeptide (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 33 (1991), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band broadening of CH2 vibrations in the Raman spectra of polymethylene chains (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 3827-3839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isotropic and anisotropic linewidths of methylene vibrations in a homologous series of alkanes of increasing chain length have been measured in the liquid state as a function of temperature. The bandwidths of the CH2 symmetric stretching modes, which are in Fermi resonance with overtones of the CH2 bending vibrations, are temperature insensitive over a 200 K interval; this is best explained in terms of a vibrational dephasing mechanism (inhomogeneous broadening) for these modes. In contrast, for the bending and antisymmetric stretching vibrations, significant band broadening occurs over this same temperature interval. In addition, for these modes, both the absolute value of the bandwidth and the relative rate of increase of the bandwidth with increasing temperature, decrease with increasing chain length. These observations are consistent with a reorientational broadening mechanism as the principal bandwidth contribution for these vibrations. Hindered end-over-end rotation of the molecules, which contributes to the band broadening for very low molecular weight alkanes, rapidly becomes too slow to be observable on the time scale of the Raman experiment for the higher molecular weight alkanes and polyethylene. For longer chain lengths, torsional backbone motions coupled to the high frequency antisymmetric stretching modes can account for the breadth of the bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450903
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon photodiode detector for fluorescence EXAFS (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1891-1894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A large-area silicon diode is used as a fluorescence detector for extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements. A direct comparison of this diode detector relative to a gas ionization fluorescence detector is made. Advantages of the diode detector include: higher signal for a given photon flux (due to higher quantum efficiency), vacuum and cryogenic compatibility, freedom from microphonic noise, good linearity, extremely wide dynamic range, operation without high voltage or gas connections, very simple electronics, and low cost. A brief comparison with other detection methods for fluorescence EXAFS is given. Use of photodiodes for transmission EXAFS is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139538
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Government Revenue Stabilisation in Primary-Producing Countries: a Model for Zambia (1983)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 21 (1983), S. 55-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: A common problem in primary-producing countries is that commodity price instability causes substantial variation in government revenues. A conceptually simple yet rarely used domestic policy measure intended to smooth annual fiscal receipts is the establishment of a development stabilisation fund. The need for such a fund in Zambia and its modus operandi are discussed in the context of a review of budgetary performance since 1965. A simulation suggests that substantial smoothing could be achieved, but that the fund could not overcome a prolonged depression of copper prices such as occurred in the years after 1975.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00023041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cline, William R.; Weintraub, SidneyCline, William R.: Economic Stabilization in Developing CountriesWorld Inflation and the Developing Countries : Oxford, Brookings Institution, 1981Oxford, the Brookings Institution, 1981 (1983)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 21 (1983), S. 328-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00023314
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  • 6
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    Helping Structural Adjustment in Low-Income Countries (1987)
    Washington, D.C. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Finance and Development. 24:4 (1987:Dec.) 6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0015-1947
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:e355-1987-024-04-000002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analysis of costimulatory receptor signaling cascades in normal T lymphocytes using in vitro gene transfer and reporter gene analysis (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 7 (2001), S. 1155-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Ligation of the antigen receptor and costimulatory receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes initiates intracellular signals that regulate cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation. To effectively manipulate the activation of T cells for immunotherapeutic applications, it will be important to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1001-1155
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linked four-membered silicate rings: vibrational analysis of Gillespite (1998)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 25 (1998), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Raman spectra and lattice dynamics calculations are presented for the silicate mineral gillespite, BaFeSi4O10, which contains sheets of linked four-membered silicate rings. The results are analyzed in relation to earlier work done on the isolated four-membered ring silicate BaCuSi2O6 and to published claims that vibrational modes of four-membered rings are responsible for the sharp D 1“defect line” observed in the Raman spectra of SiO2 glass. The crystal structure of gillespite (space group P4/ncc or D ) consists of puckered Si4O12 rings, where each SiO4 tetrahedron is linked to two neighboring tetrahedra within a ring and to a third tetrahedron within a different ring. The rings are linked to each other in a staggered configuration to form sheets, which are also bonded together by Ba2+ and Fe2+. The calculation adjusts the bond bending and bond stretching force constants so that calculated fundamental mode frequencies best fit observed fundamental frequencies in the Raman spectra; eigenmodes associated with each calculated fundamental mode are then generated. Some eigenmodes calculated are unique to the gillespite structure, but many of the more localized four-membered ring modes are similar to those calculated for the four-membered rings in BaCuSi2O6 and for the three- and six-membered rings in the cyclosilicates studied earlier. The results for gillespite indicate that the Raman-active A 1g mode at 450 cm−1 is a four-membered ring bridging oxygen breathing mode that is mixed with other minor ring deformation displacements; because of this mixing, the calculated frequency of this mode is 45 to 61 cm−1 lower than that calculated for bridging oxygen binding breathing modes of puckered four-membered rings in BaCuSi2O6 and in simulated glass structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational analysis of dioptase Cu6Si6O18 · 6(H2O) and its puckered six-membered ring (1995)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The normal modes of vibration and their frequencies are calculated for dioptase, a mineral whose crystal structure (space group R $$\bar 3$$ or C 3i 2 ) consists of puckered six-membered silicate rings (Si6O18) linked by Cu2+ ions and H2O groups. The calculation employs a valence force potential consisting of central interactions between nearest neighbors and bond-bending interactions centered at the Si4+ and Cu2+ ions. The force constants are determined by fitting the calculated frequencies to values obtained by measuring the single-crystal Raman spectra. The calculated frequencies are in reasonable agreement with experiment, permitting assignment of normal modes to the observed spectral frequencies. Considerable mixing of Cu and H2O motions with those of the ring is found for the Raman-active modes below 430 cm-1. The normal modes and frequencies of the hypothetical isolated ring with C 3i symmetry are determined by neglecting all interactions between the rings and the surrounding Cu and H2O. The identification of normal modes characteristic of the puckered six-membered silicate rings and the effect of the environment on these modes may prove useful in the interpretation of the Raman spectra of amorphous silicates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202293
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The models and economics of carpools (2000)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 34 (2000), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. For studying carpooling problems, this paper presents two models, namely deterministic and stochastic, and gives the economic explanations to the model solutions. We investigate the jockeying behavior of work commuters between carpooling and driving alone modes through solving each model for both no-toll equilibrium and social optimum. The logit-based stochastic model involves the consideration on preference option of mode choice. Under some assumptions, the paper explains how the amount of carpooling is affected by fuel cost, assembly cost, value of time, preferential or attitudinal factors and traffic congestion. It is found that carpooling is sensitive to traffic congestion reduction only when a congestion externality-based tolling scheme is implemented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680050126
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