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1

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Phänologie und Inhaltsstoffe von Buchenblättern in Relation zur Acidität von Böden (1991)

Forschungszentrum Waldökosysteme 〈Göttingen〉 ; Beese, Friedrich

Göttingen : Forschungszentrum Waldökosysteme

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Call number: ZS-015(B 25)

In: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme

Type of Medium: Series available for loan

Pages: 178 S.

Series Statement: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme 25

Location: Lower compact magazine

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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2

Monograph available for loan

Schutz des Bodens (1999)

Beese, Friedrich ; Frielinghaus, Monika [Hrsg.]

Bonn [u.a.] : Economica-Verl. [u.a.]

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Call number: PIK N 070-99-0004

In: Umweltschutz - Grundlagen und Praxis

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XI, 170 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 21 cm

ISBN: 3870815124

Series Statement: Umweltschutz - Grundlagen und Praxis 4

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:1999

Location: A 18 - must be ordered

Branch Library: PIK Library

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3

Electronic Resource

Methods for the investigation of metabolic activities and shifts in the microbial community in a soil treated with a fungicide (1995)

Heilmann, Bettina ; Lebuhn, Michael ; Beese, Friedrich

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 186-192

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Metabolic activity ; Biomass ; Stress metabolism ; Fungicide ; Soil microorganisms ; Prochloraz Microcalorimetry

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Samples from a sandy agricultural soil were treated with increasing amounts of a fungicide (Sportak). The effects on the soil microflora were investigated over several weeks by monitoring basal and substrate-induced respiration and basal and substrate-induced heat output. The microbial biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO2), relative heat output (rqheat), lag phase of substrate use, and calorimetric: respirometric ratio were used as ecophysiological parametèrs. As structural and community-specific parameters, we recorded tryptophan contents and auxin metabolism, and calculated the ratios of fungal to bacterial respiration by antibiotic inhibition of substrate-induced respiration. Sportak either inhibited or stimulated the microbiota, depending on the length of exposure to the fungicide and the amount applied. Mineralization of dead biomass was reflected in increased soil tryptophan contents after the Sportak application. A shortened lag phase demonstrated inhibition and a prolonged lag phase stimulation of substrate use. This changed with the experimental phase. The rqheat and the calorimetric: respirometric ratio proved to be suitable parameters for the detection of stress metabolism (repair processes) in soil microbiota, because thermodynamic processes and catabolic and anabolic metabolism are taken into account at the same time. Following the application of Sportak, indole 3-acetic acid biosynthesis decreased while indole-3-ethanol biosynthesis increased, probably as a result of a transitional community shift from K-strategists towards r-strategists. It was not the fungicide but the formulation (mainly xylol) that damaged the organisms. A shift in the ratio of fungi to bacteria was also observed, suggesting that the bacteria were probably more sensitive to xylol than the fungi.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336157

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4

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Flow-microcalorimetry measurements of aerobic and anaerobic soil microbial activity (1995)

Albers, Bert P. ; Beese, Friedrich ; Hartmann, Anton

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 203-208

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Flow-microcalorimeter ; CO2 ; Cal/CO2 ratio ; N2O ; Aggregates

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Heat output can be used as an indicator of microbial activity and is usually measured in a microcalorimeter with closed ampoules. In long-term experiments particularly, interpretation of the data is hindered by the changing environment in the closed ampoules because of O2 consumption and CO2 enrichment. We used a combination of a flow-microcalorimeter and a gas chromatograph to measure the heat flux and CO2 and N2O production rates under controlled conditions. Simultaneous detection of the heat output and CO2 emission allowed calculation of the calorimetric: CO2 (Cal/CO2) ratio. A mean ratio of-435 kJ mol-1 CO2 was detected in six different soils amended with glucose and incubated under aerobic conditions. This ratio indicated that CO2 was the end-product of catabolism. In wet 10–12 mm soil aggregates of a gleyic vertisol amended with glucose, values of-285 kJ mol-1 CO2 under an aerobic and-141 kJ mol-1 CO2 under a N2 atmosphere was determined. These findings indicated that fermentative metabolism occurred. The Cal/CO2 ratio was not affected when enough NO inf3 sup- was available and denitrification processes (N2O production) were possible.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336160

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Site and temporal variation of soil respiration in European beech, Norway spruce, and Scots pine forests (2002)

BORKEN, WERNER ; XU, YI-JUN ; DAVIDSON, ERIC A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Global warming and changes in rainfall amount and distribution may affect soil respiration as a major carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were to investigate the site to site and interannual variation in soil respiration of six temperate forest sites. Soil respiration was measured using closed chambers over 2 years under mature beech, spruce and pine stands at both Solling and Unterlüß, Germany, which have distinct climates and soils. Cumulative annual CO2 fluxes varied from 4.9 to 5.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at Solling with silty soils and from 4.0 to 5.9 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 at Unterlüß with sandy soils. With one exception soil respiration rates were not significantly different among the six forest sites (site to site variation) and between the years within the same forest site (interannual variation). Only the respiration rate in the spruce stand at Unterlüß was significant lower than the beech stand at Unterlüß in both years. Soil respiration rates of the sandy sites at Unterlüß were limited by soil moisture during the rather dry and warm summer 1999 while soil respiration at the silty Solling site tended to increase. We found a threshold of −80 kPa at 10 cm depth below which soil respiration decreased with increasing drought. Subsequent wetting of sandy soils revealed high CO2 effluxes in the stands at Unterlüß. However, dry periods were infrequent, and our results suggest that temporal variation in soil moisture generally had little effect on annual soil respiration rates. Soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth explained 83% of the temporal variation in soil respiration using the Arrhenius function. The correlations were weaker using temperature at 0 cm (r2 = 0.63) and 2.5 cm depth (r2 = 0.81). Mean Q10 values for the range from 5 to 15 °C increased asymptotically with soil depth from 1.87 at 0 cm to 3.46 at 10 cm depth, indicating a large uncertainty in the prediction of the temperature dependency of soil respiration. Comparing the fitted Arrhenius curves for same tree species from Solling and Unterlüß revealed higher soil respiration rates for the stands at Solling than in the respective stands at Unterlüß at the same temperature. A significant positive correlation across all sites between predicted soil respiration rates at 10 °C and total phosphorus content and C-to-N ratio of the upper mineral soil indicate a possible effect of nutrients on soil respiration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00547.x

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Conversion of hardwood forests to spruce and pine plantations strongly reduced soil methane sink in Germany (2003)

BORKEN, WERNER ; XU, YI-JUN ; BEESE, FRIEDRICH

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Well-drained forest soils are thought to be a significant sink for atmospheric methane. Recent research suggests that land use change reduces the soil methane sink by diminishing populations of methane oxidizing bacteria. Here we report soil CH4 uptake from ‘natural’ mature beech forests and from mature pine and spruce plantations in two study areas of Germany with distinct climate and soils. The CH4 uptake rates of both beech forests at Solling and Unterlüß were about two–three times the CH4 uptake rates of the adjacent pine and spruce plantations, indicating a strong impact of forest type on the soil CH4 sink. The CH4 uptake rates of sieved mineral soils from our study sites confirmed the tree species effect and indicate that methanotrophs were mainly reduced in the 0–5 cm mineral soil depth. The reasons for the reduction are still unknown. We found no site effect between Solling and Unterlüß, however, CH4 uptake rates from Solling were significantly higher at the same effective CH4 diffusivity. This potential site effect was masked by higher soil water contents at Solling. Soil pH (H2O) explained 71% of the variation in CH4 uptake rates of sieved mineral soils from the 0–5 cm depth, while cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen and total phosphorous content were not correlated with CH4 uptake rates. Comparing 1998–99, annual CH4 uptake rates increased by 69–111% in the beech and spruce stands and by 5–25% in the pine stands, due primarily to differences in growing season soil moisture. Cumulative CH4 uptake rates from November throughout April were rather constant in both years. The CH4 uptake rates of each stand were separately predicted using daily average soil matric potential and a previously developed empirical model. The model results revealed that soil matric potential explains 53–87% of the temporal variation in CH4 uptake. The differences between measured and predicted annual CH4 uptake rates were less than 10%, except for the spruce stand at Solling in 1998 (17%). Based on data from this study and from the literature, we calculated a total reduction in the soil CH4 sink of 31% for German forests due in part to conversion of deciduous to coniferous forests.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00631.x

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In situ studies of soil mineral N fluxes: Some comments on the applicability of the sequential soil coring method in arable soils (1996)

Stenger, Roland ; Priesack, Eckart ; Beese, Friedrich

Springer

Plant and soil 183 (1996), S. 199-211

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: immobilization ; net nitrogen mineralization ; plant N uptake ; soil microbial biomass

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Is the sequential in situ incubation of undisturbed soil cores, developed for forest stands applicable to arable soils? The incubation of covered and uncovered soil cores allows the estimation of net nitrogen mineralization (NNM), plant nitrogen uptake (Nuptake) and potential leaching losses (Ntrans). The amounts and temporal dynamics of these N fluxes were determined at four arable soils in a two-year study. Results suggest that: (i) the method can not be recommended for the estimation of N uptake and leaching losses, but (ii) it is suitable for the estimation of NNM; (iii) incubations should preferably be started when soil is moist; (iv) the length of incubation periods should be reduced (〈4 weeks); (v) dynamics of NNM is mainly determined by temperature and moisture conditions if there is no interference by agricultural management. Inputs of straw, manure, slurry or green manure strongly influence the amount and the dynamics of NNM.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011435

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Rates of net nitrogen mineralization in disturbed and undisturbed soils (1995)

Stenger, Roland ; Priesack, Eckart ; Beese, Friedrich

Springer

Plant and soil 171 (1995), S. 323-332

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Arrhenius function ; effect of disturbance ; mineralization kinetics ; soil microbial biomass

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Quantification of net nitrogen mineralization (NNM) in soils is indispensable in order to optimize N fertilization of crops. Two long-term laboratory incubation methods were applied to determine rates of net nitrogen mineralization (rNNM) of soils from two sites of arable land (sandy loam soil, silty loam soil) at four temperature levels (2°C, 8°C, 14°C, 21°C). Since variability within replicates was small, the modified 12-week incubation method of Stanford and Smith (1972) using disturbed soils allowed to establish reliable Arrhenius functions with reasonable expenditure. The fit of the functions derived from the 5-month incubation of 23 undisturbed soil columns (4420 cm3) was worse. This was caused by greater variability and less differentiation between temperature levels. Results of both experiments could be described best by zero-order kinetics. Mean mineralization rates of disturbed samples were approximately twice as high than those of undisturbed samples. The suitability of both methods for the prediction of NNM at site conditions is discussed. Actual respiration (AR) at incubation temperatures and substrate induced respiration (SIR) were measured at the end of the incubation of undisturbed soil columns. The results presented reveal that soil microbial communities develop in a different manner during long-term incubation at different temperatures. This behavior offends the underlying assumption that soil microbes remain in steady-state during incubation and that rising rates are physiological reactions to temperature enhancement. Therefore soil microbial biomass (SMB) dynamics during the experiment has to be accounted for when rates of NNM and Arrhenius functions are established. R Merck Section editor

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010288

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Chemical composition of throughfall, soil water, leaves and leaf litter in a beech forest receiving long term application of ammonium sulphate (1998)

Meiwes, Karl Josef ; Merino, Agustín ; Beese, Friedrich O.

Springer

Plant and soil 201 (1998), S. 217-230

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: ammonium sulphate ; canopy drip ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; forest nutrition ; nitrification ; nitrogen saturation ; soil acidification

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Nitrogen deposition in the range of 10–40 kg N ha-1 a-1 is common in large parts of Europe. Substancial amounts are deposited as NH 4 + having fertilization and acidification effects in ecosystems. In a long term experiment the reactions of different compartments of a forest ecosystem were studied when the system became N saturated by continuously applying (NH4)2SO4. The experiment was conducted in a beech forest and the application of 10 kmolc N ha-1 a-1 lasted 11 yr from 1983 till 1993. The results revealed that despite the high soil acidity, the applied NH 4 + was quickly oxidized to NO 3 - in the surface 10 cm soil layer and leached to deeper depths. The amount of NO 3 - leached from the surface soil increased during the initial three years and remained constant on a high level for the rest of the experimental period. Nitrification was associated with acidification of the soil solution, causing high concentrations of Al and Mn2+ in soil solutions. More than 50% of total Al in solution occurred in non-phytotoxic form (Al–SO4 complexes). Moreover, concentration of base cations and dissolved organic carbon increased. Concentrations of SO 4 2- in soil solutions increased during the first few years approaching more or less constant values in the surface 40 cm depth, whereas in 40–100 cm depth it took about 10 yr to reach those levels of sulphate concentrations in soils, indicating its retention in the deeper soil layers. No significant change in the chemistry of throughfall water and leaves was observed, indicating to N-saturation of the trees.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004315513482

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