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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 134 (1993), S. 196-199 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 1991 a pair of Great Grey Shrikes (RW) prevents the formation of a Whinchat territory in nest neighbourhood (Fig.). The medium distance of Whinchat-nests to each other was significantly greater, the territories were slightly larger, and the nest were situated closer to the territory boundaries than in 1990 and 1992, the last two results, however, were not significant (Table). Possibly RW affects only bird-species with an exponed behaviour during courtship and territory defence and/or those which lived in low structured (arctic/aride) habitats. Birds living in high structured habitats (woods, busches) or with a hidden way of life could bread successfully in direct neighbourhood to RW.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Raubwürgerpaar verhinderte die Ansiedlung eines Braunkehlchenpaares in direkter Nestnachbarschaft. Da die Brutpaardichte im Vergleich zu anderen Jahren nahezu konstant blieb, bewirkte das eine Verschiebung der Reviergrenzen und Neststandorte. Signifikant höher war der mittlere Abstand der Braunkehlchen-Nester zueinander; die Territorien waren 1991 tendenziell größer und die Neststandorte lagen näher an den Reviergrenzen als 1990 und 1992. Möglicherweise werden nur solche Vogelarten durch interspezifisches Territorialverhalten der RW beeinflusst, die ein exponiertes Revierverhalten zeigen oder/und in strukturarmen (ariden, arktischen) Biotopen leben. Versteckt und heimisch lebende Vogelarten brüten auch in direkter Nachbarschaft zu RW erfolgreich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 131 (1990), S. 361-369 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After being caught with mist nests and ringed 1554 birds (out of 51 species) were examined for their calling behaviour during releasing. Out of 29 species with sufficient data for further analyses only six did not show a significant tendency. The remaining 23 consistantly called or not. Species living in flocks during migration normally are granivorous or omnivorous birds. These species showed a significant higher rate of calling than solitary migrating birds which were mostly insectivorous.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 1554 Kleinvögeln aus insgesamt 51 Arten wurde untersucht, ob sie beim Freilassen aus der Hand rufen oder nicht. Sechs Arten riefen, 17 riefen i.allg. nicht. Sechs weitere Arten zeigten keine signifikante Tendenz im Rufverhalten. In Gruppen ziehende Vögel, die meist der Gilde der Granivoren und Omnivoren angehören, riefen signifikant häufiger als eher einzeln ziehende Vögel, die meist Insektenfresser waren (Abb. 1, Tab. 3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-01-15
    Description: Oscillations of periods with low and high temperatures during the Quaternary in the northern hemisphere have influenced the genetic composition of birds of the Palearctic. During the last glaciation, ending about 12,000 years ago, a wide area of the northern Palearctic was under lasting ice and, consequently, breeding sites for most bird species were not available. At the same time, a high diversity of habitats was accessible in the subtropical and tropical zones providing breeding grounds and refugia for birds. As a result of long-term climatic oscillations, the migration systems of birds developed. When populations of birds concentrated in refugia during ice ages, genetic differentiation and gene flow between populations from distinct areas was favored. In the present study, we explored the current genetic status of populations of the migratory European bee-eater. We included samples from the entire Palearctic-African distribution range and analyzed them via mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. DNA data indicated high genetic connectivity and panmixia between populations from Europe, Asia and Africa. Negative outcomes of Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D tests point to recent expansion events of the European bee-eater. Speciation of Merops apiaster started during the Pliocene around three million years ago (Mya), with the establishment of haplotype lineages dated to the Middle Pleistocene period circa 0.7 Mya. M. apiaster, which breed in Southern Africa are not distinguished from their European counterparts, indicating a recent separation event. The diversification process of the European bee-eater was influenced by climatic variation during the late Tertiary and Quaternary. Bee-eaters must have repeatedly retracted to refugia in the Mediterranean and subtropical Africa and Asia during ice ages and expanded northwards during warm periods. These processes favored genetic differentiation and repeated lineage mixings, leading to a genetic panmixia, which we still observe today.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-2818
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
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