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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 150 (1997), S. 329-340 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Maximum entropy spectral analysis, high latitude indices, MILDCAAs, horizontal (H) component, vertical (Z) component.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) has been applied to 24 series of hourly daily data and only one daily mean series for the horizontal (H) and vertical (Z) components of the geomagnetic field for the year 1983 as observed at Narssarssuaq, Greenland (71.2°N, 36.7°E) (gm coordinate). The method has isolated some prominent medium frequency signal components. The maximum peaks for H are at 06 hr (0.174 cycles per day (cpd), 3.2 × 104 db) and 08 hr (0.09 cpd, 3.5 × 104 db). Similarly, the maximum peak in Z is observed at 04 hr (0.114 cpd, 5.7 × 104 db). The spectral results for the daily-mean data indicate periods are greater than two days, with 178.5 days (nearly semiannual) being common to both H and Z. Other harmonics have been found for all the series of H and Z components which are mainly caused by the "Effective Period", i.e., the period produced by the combined effect of the sunspot numbers and the sun’s rotation period. Such frequencies correspond very well with those found in the geomagnetic indices A p  , C p and AE. This suggests that the disturbance transient variations are caused by viscous interaction of the solar energies emanating from sunspot regions with the outermost magnetospheric boundary which, in turn, influences the magnetosphere-iono sphere coupling and produces the medium intensity long-duration continuous auroral activities (MILD CAAs) over high latitude regions. Thus, the higher latitude geomagnetic activities are nothing but the "effective period driven MILDCAAs" having a recurrence tendency of 27/n, where n is an integer.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 155-165 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Surface air temperature ; monsoon ; variance ; cospectrum ; quadrature spectrum ; phase spectrum ; ENSO ; QBO
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present paper, coherence studies have been made of two pairs of variables with four different season's series: (a) the unfiltered and filtered Indian temperature anomaly (ITA) and Indian monsoon rainfall series; and (b) the unfiltered and filtered northern hemispheric temperature anomaly (NHTA) and Indian monsoon rainfall series. The significant coherences exist with ITA at confidence levels varying from 95 to 99 percent at cycles of 4.8, 3.0 and 2.4 years in winter, 4.8 and 2.7 years in spring, 6 and 3.4 years in summer and 4 and 2.4 years in the autumn season. Likewise, the coherences with NHTA series at 95 to 99 percent level have been perceived, one at the relatively high frequency of 2 to 2.7 years and the second at the relatively lower frequency of 3 to 8 years during the four seasons. The presence of the above cycles suggests the possible role ofQBO andENSO phenomena.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 39 (2000), S. 80-91 
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus is scarce in Beacon Sandstone of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, and any input from precipitation is minimal. In endolithic microbial communities recycling of P by the action of phosphatases may therefore be important. The phosphatase activities of three different types of endolithic communities in the McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica, were studied in the laboratory. The dominant phototrophs were Chroococcidiopsis, mixed Gloeocapsa and Trebouxia, and Trebouxia. Bacteria were also visually conspicuous in the latter two communities, and the Trebouxia in both cases formed a lichenized association with fungal hyphae. In each case marked phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) activity was found in assays with 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (MUP) or p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, and phosphodiesterase activity with bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The pH optimum of PMEase (assayed at 0.5 pH intervals) of the Chroococcidiopsis, Gloeocapsa–Trebouxia, and Trebouxia communities was 9.5, 5.5, and 8.0, respectively. These values are similar for aqueous extracts of the respective rocks (pH 9.2, 6.2, 7.5). All three communities showed significantly higher PMEase activity at 5° than 1°C, and the first two also showed much higher activity at 5° than 10°C. All three communities also showed slightly lower activity in the light (7 μmol photon m-2 s-1) than the dark; this was found with all substrates and substrate concentrations. Prior exposure of a moistened sample to light for 2 h led to a reduction in activity even when the subsequent assay was done in the dark. The rate of PMEase activity (using 100 μM MUP) in the Gloeocapsa–Trebouxia and Trebouxia communities was approximately linear with time up to 24 h, whereas the Chroococcidiopsis community showed a marked decrease after 6 h. At least part of this was due to retention of the 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) hydrolysis product. In spite of the assays being conducted on a whole community, the activity–substrate relationship in each case quite closely resembled a typical Michaelis–Menten relationship. Estimates were made of the apparent half-saturation value and the concentration of MUP required to support half-maximal rates. The apparent K m values were: Chroococcidiopis, 230 μM; Gloeocapsa–Trebouxia 169 μM; Trebouxia, 135 μM. The respective values for apparent V max were 0.053, 0.55, and 0.35 μmol MU g-1 h-1. In view of the greater dependence of these communities on the rock for their sole supply of P than for C and probably N, it is suggested that the cycling of P within the communities is a key factor influencing their overall metabolic activity when moisture permits their activation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 116-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass S ; Fumigation-extraction ; Microbial biomass C ; Organic S ; S tutnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The soil microbial biomass S fraction of total organic S in soil is considered to be relatively labile and the most active S pool for S turnover in soil. Its significance has been demonstrated in studies of S deficiency in agronomic situations and in those of S pollution from high atmospheric inputs. The utility of the CHCl3 fumigation-extraction technique for the measurement of microbial S has been proved for a range of soils and conditions. The various methodologies currently available are discussed, including the need for determination of the conversion (K s) factor. Microbial S values, summarized from the available literature, ranged from 3 to 300 μg S g-1 dry weight soil. They were generally greater in grassland than in arable systems, though the greatest values were obtained in the few examples from forest and peatland soil systems. Microbial S values showed direct relationships with both microbial C and with total soil organic S. Again, there were significant differences between arable and grassland systems. The effect of factors such as organic and inorganic inputs as well as soil physical conditions on microbial S are described. Microbial S turnover rates were estimated from seasonal, 35S-labelling and modelling studies. These rates varied between an approximately annual turnover rate in undisturbed soils up to 80 year-1 following the addition of readily available substrates. Prospective future research areas are also outlined.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Herbicides ; Fungicides ; Jute rhizosphere ; Microbial population ; Nitrogen mineralisation ; Thiosulphate oxidation ; Corchorus capsularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three pesticides (a herbicide, Basalin, and two fungicides, Dithane M-45 and Bengard), separately or in combination, on jute rhizosphere microflora (total bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria, thiosulphate-oxidising bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi), N mineralisation, and thiosulphate oxidation in soil. The pesticide treatments had significantly different effects on the rhizosphere microflora and their activities, depending on the kind of pesticide, the mode of application (individually or in combination), and the stage of growth of the jute plants. Although the pesticides hindered growth in the early stages, later stages were not affected because the effects on the rhizosphere microflora subsided. In addition, the combination of the herbicide Basalin (a dinitroaniline compound) and the fungicide Bengard (a benzimidazole derivative) virtually cancelled out each other's effects.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 116-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass S ; Fumigation-extraction ; Microbial biomass C ; Organic S ; S turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The soil microbial biomass S fraction of total organic S in soil is considered to be relatively labile and the most active S pool for S turnover in soil. Its significance has been demonstrated in studies of S deficiency in agronomic situations and in those of S pollution from high atmospheric inputs. The utility of the CHCl3 fumigation–extraction technique for the measurement of microbial S has been proved for a range of soils and conditions. The various methodologies currently available are discussed, including the need for determination of the conversion (K S) factor. Microbial S values, summarized from the available literature, ranged from 3 to 300 μg S g–1 dry weight soil. They were generally greater in grassland than in arable systems, though the greatest values were obtained in the few examples from forest and peatland soil systems. Microbial S values showed direct relationships with both microbial C and with total soil organic S. Again, there were significant differences between arable and grassland systems. The effect of factors such as organic and inorganic inputs as well as soil physical conditions on microbial S are described. Microbial S turnover rates were estimated from seasonal, 35S-labelling and modelling studies. These rates varied between an approximately annual turnover rate in undisturbed soils up to 80 year–1 following the addition of readily available substrates. Prospective future research areas are also outlined.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 105-110 (Jan. 1992), p. 1757-1760 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Activation energy ; Chloroplast ; Detrapping ; Entropy ; Free energy ; Frequency factor ; General order kinetics ; Retrapping ; Thermoluminescence
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 75 (1980), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 90 (1982), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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