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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 230 (1995), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Early-type Stars ; Pulsation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We review the observational status of several different kinds of intrinsic variables among the early-type stars and attempt to interpret the variations in terms of our current understanding of stellar pulsation. Four distinct types of intrinsic variable can be defined: theβ Cep, 53 Per,ζ Oph and λ Eri stars. A simple observational classification scheme, which is readily interpreted in terms of pulsation properties, is proposed. The limits of the instability strip and pulsation constants for theβ Cep and 53 Per stars is discussed. Problems with the interpretation of λ Eri stars in terms of pulsation are pointed out. The observations are consistent with rotational modulation. A problem with mode identification in λ Eri stars is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 27 (1980), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Expressions for the amplitudes and phases of the light, colour and radial velocity variations are derived for a star in nonradial oscillation. For stars in the cepheid instability strip the spherical harmonic mode of the oscillation can be obtained from the phase difference between the light and colour variations. For β Cep stars the mode can be estimated from the amplitude ratio of the light and colour variations.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-06-07
    Description: We examine 4 yr almost continuous Kepler photometry of 115 B stars. We find that the light curves of 39 per cent of these stars can be described by a low-frequency sinusoid and its harmonic, usually with variable amplitude, which we interpret as rotational modulation. A large fraction (32 stars or 28 per cent) might be classified as ellipsoidal variables, but a statistical argument suggests that these are probably rotational variables as well. Ten stars (8 per cent of the total) have a peculiar periodogram feature which is common among A stars. The physical cause of this feature is unknown but very likely related to rotation. The large number of rotating variables suggests that star-spots are common in B stars and indicates that magnetic fields can be generated in radiative stellar envelopes. We find five stars (4 per cent) to be β Cep (BECP) variables, all of which have low frequencies with relatively large amplitudes. The presence of low frequencies in BECP stars is an unsolved problem. There are 21 stars (18 per cent) with multiple low frequencies which could be described as slowly pulsating B (SPB) variables. Other pulsating stars do not fit into the general definition of BECP or SPB variables in that they are cool but pulsate with high frequencies. We assume that these are further examples of the anomalous pulsating stars which in the past have been called ‘Maia’ variables. There are 11 stars (10 per cent) of this type. We also examined 300 B stars observed in the K2 Campaign 0 field. We find 12 BECP/Maia candidates and 15 SPB variables.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-06-09
    Description: The candidate SX Phe star KIC 11754974 shows a remarkably high number of combination frequencies in the Fourier amplitude spectrum: 123 of the 166 frequencies in our multifrequency fit are linear combinations of independent modes. Predictable patterns in frequency spacings are seen in the Fourier transform of the light curve. We present an analysis of 180 d of short-cadence Kepler photometry and of new spectroscopic data for this evolved, late A-type star. We infer from the 1150-d, long-cadence light curve, and in two different ways, that our target is the primary of a 343-d, non-eclipsing binary system. According to both methods, the mass function is similar, f ( M ) = 0.0207 ± 0.0003 M . The observed pulsations are modelled extensively, using separate, state-of-the-art, time-dependent convection (TDC) and rotating models. The models match the observed temperature and low metallicity, finding a mass of 1.50–1.56 M . The models suggest that the whole star is metal poor, and that the low metallicity is not just a surface abundance peculiarity. This is the best frequency analysis of an SX Phe star, and the only Kepler  Sct star to be modelled with both TDC and rotating models.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: We report the identification of 61.45 d –1 (711.2 μHz) oscillations, with amplitudes of 62.6 μmag, in KIC 4768731 (HD 225914) using Kepler photometry. This relatively bright ( V  = 9.17) chemically peculiar star with spectral type A5 Vp SrCr(Eu) has previously been found to exhibit rotational modulation with a period of 5.21 d. Fourier analysis reveals a simple dipole pulsator with an amplitude that has remained stable over a 4-yr time span, but with a frequency that is variable. Analysis of high-resolution spectra yields stellar parameters of T eff  = 8100 ± 200 K, log g  = 4.0 ± 0.2, [Fe/H] = +0.31 ± 0.24 and v sin i  = 14.8 ± 1.6 km s –1 . Line profile variations caused by rotation are also evident. Lines of Sr, Cr, Eu, Mg and Si are strongest when the star is brightest, while Y and Ba vary in antiphase with the other elements. The abundances of rare earth elements are only modestly enhanced compared to other roAp stars of similar T eff and log g . Radial velocities in the literature suggest a significant change over the past 30 yr, but the radial velocities presented here show no significant change over a period of 4 yr.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: Rotational light modulation in Kepler photometry of K–A stars is used to estimate the absolute rotational shear. The rotation frequency spread in 2562 carefully selected stars with known rotation periods is measured using time–frequency diagrams. Because rotational shear is both a function of effective temperature and rotation rate, it is necessary to separate the two effects by calculating the rotation shear in restricted ranges of effective temperature and rotation period. The shear increases to a maximum in F stars, but decreases somewhat in the A stars. Theoretical models reproduce the variation of rotational shear with effective temperature quite well for all rotation rates. The dependence of the shear on the rotation rate is weak in K and G stars, increases rapidly for F stars and is strongest in A stars. For stars earlier than type K, a discrepancy exists between the predicted and observed variation of shear with rotation rate.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-04
    Description: The hot Doradus stars have multiple low frequencies characteristic of Dor or SPB variables, but are located between the red edge of the SPB and the blue edge of the Dor instability strips where all low-frequency modes are stable in current models of these stars. Though Sct stars also have low frequencies, there is no sign of high frequencies in hot Dor stars. We obtained spectra to refine the locations of some of these stars in the H–R diagram and conclude that these are, indeed, anomalous pulsating stars. The Maia variables have multiple high frequencies characteristic of β Cep and Sct stars, but lie between the red edge of the β Cep and the blue edge of the Sct instability strips. We compile a list of all Maia candidates and obtain spectra of two of these stars. Again, it seems likely that these are anomalous pulsating stars which are currently not understood.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-04-23
    Description: Two different mechanisms may act to induce quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in whole-disc observations of stellar flares. One mechanism may be magnetohydromagnetic forces and other processes acting on flare loops as seen in the Sun. The other mechanism may be forced local acoustic oscillations due to the high-energy particle impulse generated by the flare (known as ‘sunquakes’ in the Sun). We analyse short-cadence Kepler data of 257 flares in 75 stars to search for QPP in the flare decay branch or post-flare oscillations which may be attributed to either of these two mechanisms. About 18 per cent of stellar flares show a distinct bump in the flare decay branch of unknown origin. The bump does not seem to be a highly damped global oscillation because the periods of the bumps derived from wavelet analysis do not correlate with any stellar parameter. We detected damped oscillations covering several cycles (QPP), in seven flares on five stars. The periods of these oscillations also do not correlate with any stellar parameter, suggesting that these may be a due to flare loop oscillations. We searched for forced global oscillations which might result after a strong flare. To this end, we investigated the behaviour of the amplitudes of solar-like oscillations in eight stars before and after a flare. However, no clear amplitude change could be detected. We also analysed the amplitudes of the self-excited pulsations in two Scuti stars and one Doradus star before and after a flare. Again, no clear amplitude changes were found. Our conclusions are that a new process needs to be found to explain the high incidence of bumps in stellar flare light curves, that flare loop oscillations may have been detected in a few stars and that no conclusive evidence exists as yet for flare induced global acoustic oscillations (starquakes).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: We investigate the light variations of 15 Am stars using four years of high-precision photometry from the Kepler spacecraft and an additional 14 Am stars from the K2 Campaign 0 field. We find that most of the Am stars in the Kepler field have light curves characteristic of rotational modulation due to star-spots. Of the 29 Am stars observed, 12 are Scuti variables and one is a Doradus star. One star is an eclipsing binary and another was found to be a binary from time delay measurements. Two Am stars show evidence for flares which are unlikely to be due to a cool companion. The fact that 10 out of 29 Am stars are rotational variables and that some may even flare strongly suggests that Am stars possess significant magnetic fields. This is contrary to the current understanding that the enhanced metallicity in these stars is due to diffusion in the absence of a magnetic field. The fact that so many stars are Scuti variables is also at odds with the prediction of diffusion theory. We suggest that a viable alternative is that the metal enhancement could arise from accretion.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: We examine 4 yr almost continuous Kepler photometry of 115 B stars. We find that the light curves of 39 per cent of these stars can be described by a low-frequency sinusoid and its harmonic, usually with variable amplitude, which we interpret as rotational modulation. A large fraction (32 stars or 28 per cent) might be classified as ellipsoidal variables, but a statistical argument suggests that these are probably rotational variables as well. Ten stars (8 per cent of the total) have a peculiar periodogram feature which is common among A stars. The physical cause of this feature is unknown but very likely related to rotation. The large number of rotating variables suggests that star-spots are common in B stars and indicates that magnetic fields can be generated in radiative stellar envelopes. We find five stars (4 per cent) to be β Cep (BECP) variables, all of which have low frequencies with relatively large amplitudes. The presence of low frequencies in BECP stars is an unsolved problem. There are 21 stars (18 per cent) with multiple low frequencies which could be described as slowly pulsating B (SPB) variables. Other pulsating stars do not fit into the general definition of BECP or SPB variables in that they are cool but pulsate with high frequencies. We assume that these are further examples of the anomalous pulsating stars which in the past have been called ‘Maia’ variables. There are 11 stars (10 per cent) of this type. We also examined 300 B stars observed in the K2 Campaign 0 field. We find 12 BECP/Maia candidates and 15 SPB variables.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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