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  • 1
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    Mechanics of the right whale mandible : full scale testing and finite element analysis (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 374 (2009): 93-103, doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.012.
    Description: In an effort to better understand the mechanics of ship-whale collision and to reduce the associated mortality of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale, a comprehensive biomechanical study has been conducted by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of New Hampshire. The goal of the study is to develop a numerical modeling tool to predict the forces and stresses during impact and thereby the resulting mortality risk to whales from ship strikes. Based on post-mortem examinations, jaw fracture was chosen as a fatal endpoint for the whales hit by a vessel. In this paper we investigate the overall mechanical behavior of a right whale mandible under transverse loading and develop a finite element analysis model of the bone. The equivalent elastic modulus of the cortical component of right whale mandible is found by comparing full-scale bending tests with the results of numerical modeling. The finite element model of the mandible can be used in conjunction with a vessel-whale collision event model to predict bone fracture for various ship strike scenarios.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Campbell-Malone), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Right Whale Grants Program, award number NA04NMF4720402), and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Life Institute.
    Keywords: Right whale ; Mandible ; Mechanical testing ; Finite element analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Protocols for calibrating multibeam sonar (2008)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 2013-2027, doi:10.1121/1.1869073.
    Description: Development of protocols for calibrating multibeam sonar by means of the standard-target method is documented. Particular systems used in the development work included three that provide the water-column signals, namely the SIMRAD SM2000/90- and 200-kHz sonars and RESON SeaBat 8101 sonar, with operating frequency of 240 kHz. Two facilities were instrumented specifically for the work: a sea well at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and a large, indoor freshwater tank at the University of New Hampshire. Methods for measuring the transfer characteristics of each sonar, with transducers attached, are described and illustrated with measurement results. The principal results, however, are the protocols themselves. These are elaborated for positioning the target, choosing the receiver gain function, quantifying the system stability, mapping the directionality in the plane of the receiving array and in the plane normal to the central axis, measuring the directionality of individual beams, and measuring the nearfield response. General preparations for calibrating multibeam sonars and a method for measuring the receiver response electronically are outlined. Advantages of multibeam sonar calibration and outstanding problems, such as that of validation of the performance of multibeam sonars as configured for use, are mentioned.
    Description: Support by the National Science Foundation through Award No. OCE-0002664, NOAA through Grant No. NA97OG0241, and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR) through NOAA Contract No. NA17RJ1223 is acknowledged.
    Keywords: Sonar detection ; Sonar target recognition ; Underwater sound ; Calibration ; Array signal processing ; Acoustic transducer arrays ; Protocols
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved spectral properties of diode lasers (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3657-3659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on several complementary methods for improving the stability of a free running diode laser. We were primarily concerned with: (a) the construction of a stable power supply to reduce the main frequency and rf noise, and (b) long term drift of the laser frequency, for which we have developed a lock-in amplifier to be combined with a simple proportional-integrating circuit. While we have kept everything simple and inexpensive to construct, the stability is comparable with that of far more expensive, commercially available systems. Development and testing of our stabilization scheme was done on the distributed Bragg reflector diode lasers for use in a range of atomic collision and atom optics experiments, but it is applicable to all diode lasers, and can be used in a large range of atomic physics experiments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A practical direct current discharge helium absorption cell for laser frequency locking at 1083 nm (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3003-3004 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report the construction of a low pressure (∼0.5 Torr) helium direct current discharge cell to lock a 1083 nm InGaAs diode laser to the 2 3S–2 3P transition in helium using saturated absorption spectroscopy. The direct current discharge cell has the advantage of being radio frequency noise free. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147420
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tree species in relation to soil moisture regime in northwestern Ontario, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 39 (1996), S. 471-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Selected data on site, vegetation cover, and soil, including soil moisture regime (SMR), were collected from 2 167 field plots in northwestern Ontario, Canada. SMR provides an estimate of an averaged, “annualized” soil moisture supply throughout a complete vegetation cycle. SMR is based upon a relative scale that subjectively ranks sites from θ, 0, and 1 through 9 along a soil moisture continuum which relates to a dry to wet gradient. SMR may be generally correlated to tree growth, stand composition, degree of competition, nutrient availability and overall site quality. This paper reports on relationships between SMR and major tree species. Results highlight relationships between SMR class and the broad ecological ranges of several tree species. In northwestern Ontario, the determination of SMR can help resource managers to better understand the ecology of boreal sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396162
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of carbohydrate intake on cardiac myosin isoform expression in normal weanling and adult rats (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 78 (1987), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: weanling rats ; myosin isoforms ; myofibril ATPase ; dietary carbohydrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dietary manipulations involving high carbohydrate feeding increase VI cardiac myosin isoform expression in hormonally deficient rats. The purpose of this study was to determine if extremes in dietary carbohydrate availability could alter cardiac myosin isoform patterns in normal weanling and adult rats. Three and six weeks of dietary manipulations (either high or low carbohydrate diets) failed to change calcium-activated myofibril ATPase activity, calcium regulated myofibril ATPase activity, or the myosin isoform distribution in the adult. In contrast, a four week, high carbohydrate diet reduced calcium activated myosin ATPase activity by 33%, calcium regulated myofibril ATPase activity by 10%, and Vl isoform expression by 66% in weanling rats. Although the low carbohydrate diet caused no change in the myosin ATPase properties, it decreased VI isoform expression by 17%. These results show that carbohydrate availability can alter cardiac myosin isoform expression in normal rats, but only at weanling age. The reason for this age-related contrast in response to dietary manipulations is unknown at this stage. The dietary manipulations may have acted directly on the heart by creating a state of malnutrition, or indirectly, by altering some developmental process which links maturation of the sympathetic nervous system with myosin isoform expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229686
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  • 7
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    Improved spectral properties of diode lasers (1997)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    A practical direct current discharge helium absorption cell for laser frequency locking at 1083 nm (1996)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Simulating high resolution soil moisture patterns in the shale hills watershed using a land surface hydrologic model (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Soil moisture is a critical variable in the water and energy cycles. The prediction of soil moisture patterns, especially at high spatial resolution, is challenging. This study tests the ability of a land surface hydrologic model (Flux-PIHM) to simulate high-resolution soil moisture patterns in the Shale Hills watershed (0.08 km 2 ) in central Pennsylvania. Locally measured variables including a soil map, soil parameters, a tree map, and lidar topographic data, all have been synthesized into Flux-PIHM to provide model inputs. The predicted 10-cm soil moisture patterns for fifteen individual days encompassing seven months in 2009 are compared with the observations from 61 soil moisture monitoring sites. Calibrated using only watershed-scale and a few point-based measurements, and driven by spatially uniform meteorological forcing, Flux-PIHM is able to simulate the observed macro spatial pattern of soil moisture at ~10 m resolution (spatial correlation coefficient ~ 0.6) and the day-to-day variation of this soil moisture pattern, although it underestimates the amplitude of the spatial variability and the mean soil moisture. Results show that the spatial distribution of soil hydraulic parameters has the dominant effect on the soil moisture spatial pattern. The surface topography and depth to bedrock also affect the soil moisture patterns in this watershed. Using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) in place of a local tree survey map makes a negligible difference. Field measured soil type maps and soil type-specific hydraulic parameters significantly improve the predicted soil moisture pattern as compared to the most detailed national soils database (Soil Survey Geographic Database, or SSURGO, 30-m resolution). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    The SUNY X21 beamline at NSLS: A multi-use port on a dedicated high brightness synchrotron radiation source (1986)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-9002
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9576
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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